Theonellamides J and K and 5-cis-Apoa-theopalauamide,Bicyclic Glycopeptides of the Red Sea Sponge Theonella swinhoei     

Ohad Hasin  Shani Shoham  Yoel Kashman  Micha Ilan  Shmuel Carmeli 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

Theonella swinhoei is a fairly common inhabitant of reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Metabolomic analyses of samples of T. swinhoei collected in different depths in the Gulf of Aqaba revealed two chemotypes differing in the profiles of the theonellamides they produce, some of which seem to be unknown. Driven by this finding, we examined a sample of T. swinhoei collected more than 40 years ago in the southern part of the Gulf of Aqaba. Large-scale extract of this sample yielded four theonellamides, the known theopalauamide (4), as the major component, and three new metabolites, theonellamide J (1), 5-cis-Apoa-theopalauamide (2), and theonellamide K (3), as the minor components. The planar structure of these complex cyclic glycopeptides was elucidated by combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of the amino acids was established by Marfey’s and advanced Marfey’s methods, and the absolute configuration of its galactose unit using “Tanaka’s method” for monosaccharides. The biological activity of the pure compounds was tested for antibacterial activity and for cytotoxicity to HTC-116 cell line. The compounds presented significant cytotoxicity against the HTC-116 cell line, illuminating the importance of the Apoa subunit for the activity.  相似文献   

Aversion of the feral pigeon and the house sparrow to pellets and sprouts treated with commercial formulations of methyl anthranilate     

Shmuel Moran 《Pest management science》2001,57(3):248-252

Two methyl anthranilate formulations, ReJex‐iT® TP‐40 and AG‐36, were tested as bird‐repelling agents for animal feed and vegetable sprouts, respectively. Feral pigeons (Columba livia) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) are important pests of animal husbandry and field crops in Israel. In each 4‐day experiment, four birds were held together in an aviary, and were offered four trays or dishes with animal feed or cauliflower sprouts in four corners of the cage. The trays and dishes were transposed daily in a Latin square sequence. Pigeons consumed significantly more untreated feed than treated feed. When no alternative untreated food was offered, there was no significant repellency. Treatment of animal feed with TP‐40 to give 2.0 ml methyl anthranilate kg^?1 or less had no repellent effect on sparrows. Concentrations of 4.0 ml kg^?1 or more repelled the sparrows significantly. When no untreated feed was presented, pigeons and sparrows preferred the lowest concentration of methyl anthranilate presented. When AG‐36 was tested on vegetable sprouts, the sparrows tended significantly to avoid the highest concentration used—14.5 ml methyl anthranilate litre^?1 spray. The inter‐specific differences between the birds indicate that the efficacy of methyl anthranilate formulations as a repellent has to be specified for every species. This study did not determine (1) the possibility of developing habituation, (2) the behaviour of birds under natural conditions in the field, or (3) the influence of the feeding behaviour of a sympatric bird species on the repellency of methyl anthranilate to other species. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Aggregation of lysine-containing zeins into protein bodies in Xenopus oocytes   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

J C Wallace  G Galili  E E Kawata  R E Cuellar  M A Shotwell  B A Larkins 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4852):662-664

Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.  相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN TESTES OF BULLS INFECTED WITH BESNOITIOSIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Uri  Bargai  VMD AB  DVSc  Theodor  Nobel  DVM†  Shmuel  Pearl  DVM† 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1984,25(5):235-239

Ten beef bulls infected with Besnoitiosis were examined radiographically and pathologically. Eight of these were slaughtered soon after diagnosis; two were left for a six-month observation period. The radiographic findings were focal and branching-tree calcification of the testes. Histopathologic examination proved these calcifications to be necrotic sections of the seminiferous tubules. Radiography of the testes as a means of evaluating the fertility status of the infected bull is recommended.  相似文献   

Anaphylaxis in dogs and cats     

Daniella L. Shmuel DVM  Yonaira Cortes DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(4):377-394

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Eight New Peptaibols from Sponge-Associated Trichoderma atroviride     

Irina Panizel  Oded Yarden  Micha Ilan  Shmuel Carmeli 《Marine drugs》2013,11(12):4937-4960

Eight new and four known peptaibols were isolated from a strain of the fungus, Trichoderma atroviride (NF16), which was cultured from an Axinellid sponge collected from the East Mediterranean coast of Israel. The structures of the pure compounds were determined using HRMS, MS/MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements. The isolated compounds belong to the trichorzianines, a family of 19-residue linear hydrophobic peptides containing a high proportion of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), an acetylated N-terminus and a C-terminal amino alcohol. These new peptaibols exhibited antimicrobial activity against environmental bacteria isolated from the Mediterranean coast of Israel.  相似文献   

Induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia     

Shmuel Rothbard  Yoel Pruginin 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1975,5(4):315-321

Methods for induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia nilotica and T. aurea are described. These methods were required for the production, in aquaria, of F₁ hybrids between the two species. Spawning families were established in long aquaria from which sexually ripe individuals were selected for stripping by their “on heat” display coloration. Injections of pituitary hormones were not required. The fertilized eggs were incubated in a low speed “shaker”. At correct temperatures Tilapia fry may be produced by this artificial process all year round.  相似文献   

Effects of a shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements     

Markus Möller  Shmuel Assouline 《Irrigation Science》2007,25(2):183-181

Despite the steadily increasing area under protected agriculture there is a current lack of knowledge about the effects of the 30% black shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements. Meteorological and lysimeter measurements inside a screenhouse planted with sweet pepper were compared to external reference data. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was calculated from yield records Y and water meter readings I _applied. Shading reduced mean global radiation R _G by more than 40%, and the screen transmissivity τ _screen was shown to vary with solar elevation angle β. Wind speed inside the screenhouse u _in was reduced by more than 50%. Crop water requirements ET _c were 38% lower than estimates for an open field crop, suggesting a significant water saving potential when using screenhouses. However, the screen did not significantly modify maximum temperature T _max and daily vapor pressure deficit. The FAO-Penman–Monteith approach based on meteorological measurements in the screenhouse accurately predicted daily crop evapotranspiration, and was in close agreement with lysimeter measurements. IWUE was relatively high (10.7 kg m⁻³ in 2004 and 13.5 kg m⁻³ in 2005), but additional research is required to quantify the effect of shading on yield as well as to determine the water saving potential of other commonly used screens. Contribution no. 603/06 from the Agricultural Research Organization An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

The toxicity of difenacoum and difethialone to the rock hyrax,Procavia capensis     

Shmuel Moran  Shaul Sofer 《Pest management science》1995,44(3):305-307

Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were individually caged and were given two second-generation anticoagulants, difenacoum and difethialone, in fresh sliced apple bait. Mortality caused by 0.1-0.2 g kg^?1 difenacoum bait was rather low: 0/6, 1/4 and 2/4 only. As a relatively high concentration in the bait was required, the use of difenacoum in the field is not possible because of environmental considerations. Mortality caused by 0.05 g kg^?1 difethialone bait was 5/6, and by 0.065 g kg^?1 6/6. The potential of using difethialone in the field is uncertain because of the prolonged treatment needed.  相似文献   

Checklist of vertebrate damage to agriculture in Israel,updated for 1993–2001     

Moran  Shmuel 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):109-117

The checklist of vertebrate pest species responsible for economic damage to agriculture production in Israel, which was first published in 1993, has been updated for 1993–2001. During this period new crop types have been damaged by these pests, and they have been added to the checklist. Four new bird pest species were also added:Carduelis chloris, Anas platyrhinchos, Larus ridibundus andPelecanus onocrotalus. Thus the number of economically significant vertebrate species is now 65 (27 mammalian, 36 avian and two reptilian species). Cases of depredation in forestry and pasture, which were not included in the former list, were also added. The significance of the compiled data in assisting with farm management decision is also discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 29, 2003.  相似文献