马铃薯致病疫霉拮抗细菌研究进展     

高梦颖  付海燕  孙丛  王颜波  刘春光  马玉堃  杨峰山 《中国农学通报》2021,37(14):136-140

为了解决马铃薯致病疫霉侵染马铃薯导致其死亡,进而造成马铃薯单位种植产量低的问题。本文从拮抗菌入手,归纳分析细菌类拮抗菌中的主要拮抗菌中芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和粘细菌对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制作用。同时,在总结前人研究的基础上,笔者认为在拮抗菌应用方面,可以采用多对一的新型平板对峙筛菌模式来模拟复杂条件下拮抗菌的拮抗作用,以期得到稳定的拮抗菌;并指出应从定植能力和根际微生物影响方面对拮抗菌实际应用的可行性进行研究;此外,提出未来对拮抗菌抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的探究应从表型层面的研究深入到分子层面,以期能成功从源头找寻抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的答案。  相似文献   

延迟收获对长江中游春玉米农艺性状及机收质量的影响     

刘志辉  展茗  梁如玉  王燕  刘永忠  黄益勤  杨仁能  尚春辉 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(11):10-22

为探明长江中游玉米籽粒机械直收适宜品种与配套农艺措施，2018—2019年选用不同玉米品种，测定不同机收时间下玉米关键农艺性状、产量及机收质量指标。结果表明，收获时间对春玉米机收产量与机收质量均有显著影响。延迟1周收获后籽粒容重显著增加，机收产量显著提高，2年平均提高9.72%；而延迟2周收获则有降低机收产量的趋势。2年收获时杂质率总体≤3%，而机收籽粒破碎率与损失率均>5%，是该区域春玉米籽粒机收面临的主要问题。籽粒厚度、籽粒含水率和百粒重是影响机收籽粒破碎率的关键性状，三者与机收籽粒破碎率均呈显著的倒二次曲线关系；玉米的倒伏率、穗位高和重心高度是影响机收损失率的关键性状，倒伏率与机收损失率呈显著正相关，而穗位高和重心高度与机收损失率均呈显著的二次曲线关系。延迟收获能显著降低籽粒含水量，从而降低籽粒破碎率，但继续延迟收获有增加倒伏的风险。综上，长江中游春玉米成熟后适时延迟7~10 d收获，可有效降低籽粒含水量与机收籽粒破碎率，提高玉米籽粒机收产量。  相似文献   

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion     

Yun Wang  Ge Liu  Rui Liu  Maosheng Wei  Jinxiang Zhang  Chaomin Sun 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.  相似文献   

The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia     

Bing Liu  Muhamed Jamal Hosen Talukder  Eeva Terhonen  Maija Lampela  Harry Vasander  Hui Sun  Fred Asiegbu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):123-138

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases  相似文献   

体细胞克隆荷斯坦奶牛出生后死亡犊牛内脏器官的组织病理学观察     

孙伟  包向男  乌云高娃  王建国  李永胜  李善铎  张铁柱  王飞飞  李喜和 《中国农学通报》2020,36(20):114-118

为探究体细胞克隆荷斯坦奶牛出生后死亡的原因,对新生后死亡的克隆荷斯坦公牛和自然繁殖的荷斯坦公犊的主要组织器官进行比较。通过解剖和石蜡切片-HE(hematoxylin-eosin staining)染色技术,对主要的组织器官结构进行观察和分析。结果表明,新生后死亡的克隆荷斯坦公牛肺部结构清晰;肝脏的肝细胞明显肿大,出现脂肪轻度变性;肾小管上皮细胞出现变性;心肌的肌纤维间空隙增大;骨骼肌纤维间隙明显,空泡变性,这可能导致该克隆牛犊肌肉无力并功能不全;淋巴结皮髓质界限不分明,淋巴小结细胞较稀疏,生发中心不明显,淋巴窦细胞较少;脾脏内红细胞较少,这说明该克隆牛的造血功能可能不完善;胸腺的皮质部分和髓质部分界限不明显,嗜酸性胸腺小体不易辨认,可能发育不全。该克隆公牛免疫器官出现不同程度的发育不全现象较严重,这有可能是其出生后死亡率高的主要原因。  相似文献   

羊支原体性肺炎两标准株对抗菌药物敏感性的研究     

林密  孙继国  柴静 《猪业科学》2003,20(12):57-59

本实验测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰勒菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y98的联合药敏作用。对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株对抗菌药物的敏感性进行了分析。  相似文献   

预应力薄腹梁质量事故的分析及鉴定     

张国志  王晓军 《东北林业大学学报》1994,22(4):115-119

阐述了某工程由于施工原因，导致预应力混凝土工字形屋面梁强度不足的预制构件的检验鉴定过程和方法。采用回弹法推定混凝土实际强度；通过静载试验测试构件的实际挠度、抗裂和承载能力。分析了导致混凝土强度不足的原因。  相似文献   

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)75kDa通读蛋白基因及其54kDa片段的克隆与表达   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙凤成 《植物病理学报》1997,27(1):92-93

 以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的总RNA为模板,通过反转录和PCR扩增获得75kDa通读蛋白基因54kDa片段的目的片段。  相似文献   

论科技情报的信息媒介意义     

孙萍 《林业科技情报》2001,33(4):87-88

科技情报作为一种重要的信息媒介。作者着重地阐述了其具备的宏观俯瞰,微观入里的导引功能。就其科技情报意义与林业科研及生产领域上的信息交流而言提出了自己的见解。  相似文献   

北京植物园引种日本梅花品种初探   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

黄亦工  孙宜 《北京林业大学学报》2004,(Z1)

北京植物园 1998年从日本引进梅花品种 39个。通过几年的观察、驯化 ,初步优选出可在北京地区生长的梅花品种 2 9个。 2 0 0 3年冬用电导法测定不同品种的抗寒力。对日本梅花品种在北京地区的栽培、养护及应用进行了初步探讨。  相似文献