利用SSR快速鉴别花生杂交F₁真伪     

洪彦彬  李少雄  李杏瑜  朱方何  梁炫强 《分子植物育种》2012,(1):110-114

本研究,我们以6个花生品种为亲本配置杂交组合,田间调查发现亲本间形态表型差异大的杂交F1容易鉴别真伪,而形态表型差异小的则难于鉴别,甚至无法鉴别。为此,我们通过改良Thomson一步法制备DNA模板,建立了一套花生SSR-PCR快速检测体系,并在此基础上利用SSR鉴别花生杂交F1真伪。结果表明,采用Thomson一步法和改良后的一步法提取的DNA模版均能扩展出清晰条带,但改良后制备的DNA模板在4℃下可保存约1个月,未改良的仅能保存一天。利用SSR检测上述群体表明,F1真杂种率为38%～56%,不同亲本间杂交成功率存在差异,同一亲本正反交成功率也存在一定差异。可见,SSR标记用于杂种真伪鉴定具有一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

Mediterranean versus Atlantic monk parakeets Myiopsitta monachus: towards differentiated management at the European scale     

Jose‐Luis Postigo  Diederik Strubbe  Emiliano Mori  Leonardo Ancillotto  Inês Carneiro  Panagiotis Latsoudis  Mattia Menchetti  Liviu G Pru  Dave Parrott  Luís Reino  Anne Weiserbs  Juan Carlos Senar 《Pest management science》2019,75(4):915-922

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Mussel Shells,a Valuable Calcium Resource for the Pharmaceutical Industry     

Magdalena Mititelu  Gabriela Stanciu  Doina Dr&#x;g&#x;nescu  Ana Corina Ioni&#x;  Sorinel Marius Neac&#x;u  Mihaela Dinu  Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden  Elena Moro&#x;an 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium.  相似文献   

Neue Beobachtungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von gefangengehaltenen Feldhamstern (Cricetus cricetus L.) und daraus ableitbare Schlu?folgerungen     

Petzsch H. u. U. 《Journal of pest science》1969,42(3):48

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Effects of organic and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield and soil chemical properties in a maize cropping system in Meru South District, Kenya     

Monicah Mucheru-Muna  Daniel Mugendi  James Kung’u  Jayne Mugwe  Andre Bationo 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,69(3):189-197

Soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation of soils without adequate addition of external inputs is a major challenge in the highlands of Kenya. An experiment was set up in Meru South District, Kenya in 2000 to investigate the effects of different soil-incorporated organic (manure, Tithonia diversifolia, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala) and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield, and soil chemical properties over seven seasons. On average, tithonia treatments (with or without half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer) gave the highest grain yield (5.5 and 5.4 Mg ha⁻¹ respectively) while the control treatment gave the lowest yield (1.5 Mg ha⁻¹). After 2 years of trial implementation, total soil carbon and nitrogen contents were improved with the application of organic residues, and manure in particular improved soil calcium content. Results of the economic analysis indicated that on average across the seven seasons, tithonia with half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer treatment recorded the highest net benefit (USD 787 ha⁻¹) while the control recorded the lowest (USD 272 ha⁻¹). However, returns to labor or benefit-cost ratios were in most cases not significantly improved when organic materials were used.  相似文献   

基于Hyperion光谱信息的鲁西北盐碱地特性探析     

毕经武  徐跃通 《绿色科技》2015,(3):210-214

利用Hyperion影像及盐碱地分布端元提取了鲁西北典型盐碱地光谱数据并对其特性进行了探析,以证实光谱信息对于该区盐碱地研究的可用性。利用生成的原始及包络线去除的光谱曲线,分别从土壤电导率、土壤盐分含量及一系列诊断性指标入手,借助诊断性吸收波段对本区盐碱地特性进行了分析。结果表明：该区盐碱地兼具其他地点盐碱地光谱吸收共性及自身特性,证实了基于遥感光谱信息的盐碱地特性分析是可行的,可用于区域盐碱地遥感监测。  相似文献   

平煤天安股份五矿矿区土地系统生态环境压力评价     

张新  周文武 《绿色科技》2014,(9):211-213

采用专家判读、AHP法、指数衰减法、加权法对平煤天安股份五矿矿区土地系统存在的生态环境压力进行了综合评价。结果表明：平煤天安股份五矿矿区土地系统生态环境总压力整体为,轻度环境压力（202hm2,32.90％）＞中度环境压力（190hm2,30.94％）＞中高度环境压力（154hm2,25.08％）＞高强度环境压力（68hm2,11.07％）。其中,资源消耗压力A2最大,其次为环境污染压力A3、生产规模压力A4,自然环境压力A1最小。在评价基础上利用矿区土地的自然环境压力和人为生产压力的分异性,将矿区的土地系统分为保护型、消费型、生产型和调和型4种土地生态功能类型和11种土地生态类型区;平煤天安股份五矿矿区土地利用状况呈现不合理的利用状态,主要体现在具有生态保护功能的保护型土地生态系统的总面积仅为4.94hm2,占地比例为13.1％。  相似文献   

烟草生产全程机械化作业研究     

余铭华  林绍武  施恩  郝东  徐恒光  李静超  李名荣 《湖南农业科学》2014,(20)

为了探索烟叶生产过程中各机械的性能及工作效率,2013年在福建省建阳市莒口镇河坝新村开展了烟叶生产全程机械化作业试点研究。结果表明,起垄环节,碎土率方面邵武华友履带式起垄机表现最好(89.9%),沟底积土方面松溪永顺表现最好;覆膜环节,各测试机型表现中等,在效率方面优于人工覆膜;移栽环节,漏栽率上江苏久泰移栽机高于江苏井关移栽机;培土环节,漳州南冠培土机操作简便,掉头灵活,单人操作,单行双侧作业,深受烟农喜爱;拔杆环节,龙岩诚德拔杆机单人操作,操作简便,动力较足,拔杆顺畅,拔杆带土较少,效果较好,适应性较强。  相似文献   

Historical Contaminated Sediments and Soils at the River Basin Scale     

Ulrich?F?rstnerEmail author  Susanne?Heise  René?Schwartz  Bernhard?Westrich  Wolfgang?Ahlf 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(4):247-260

Background, Aims, and Scope  

Data from the Elbe River and its tributaries indicate, despite extensive improvement in water quality during the last 15 years, that the respective sediment situation of many priority pollutants has not reached an acceptable level. For the coming decades, risks for downstream sites and stakeholders will persist, mainly due to secondary sources originating from historical pollution of soils and sediments in the catchment area. In practice, a catchment-wide assessment of historical contaminated soil and sediment should apply a three-step approach: (i) Identification of substances of concern (s.o.c.) and their classification into ’hazard classes of compounds’; (ii) identification of areas of concern (a.o.c.) and their classification into ‘hazard classes of sites’; (iii) identification of areas of risk (a.o.r.) and their assessment relative to each other with regard to the probability of polluting the sediments in the downstream reaches. The conversion of this concept has to consider the underlying philosophy of the EU Water Framework Directive, particularly with respect to the analysis and monitoring of priority substances in solid matrices. However, major deficiencies are still in the assessment and prognosis of resuspension processes, and potential approaches to fill this gap are described both in theory and from examples of the Elbe River.  相似文献   

洞庭湖区不同土地利用方式耕作土壤氮素含量与循环   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄伟生  彭佩钦  黄道友  苏以荣  朱奇宏 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(4):49-52

通过对洞庭湖典型地区的密集采样分析和农户调查,研究了4种利用方式耕作土壤全N、微生物生物量氮(MB-N)含量、两者关系和N素循环特征。结果表明:耕作土壤全N、MB-N含量平均值为3.00±0.48g/kg和101.4±49.2mg/kg。双季稻、一季稻、水田旱作和旱地全N平均含量依次为3.12±0.40g/kg、3.03±0.39g/kg、2.79±0.43g/kg2、.10±0.46g/kg。4种利用方式的MB-N含量分别为124.0±56.6mg/kg、96.4±39.2mg/kg、108.0±48.6mg/kg、75.2±30.5mg/kg。除水田旱作外,MB-N与全N之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。土壤N素盈余量依次为双季稻(105.0kg/hm2.a)>一季稻(75.1kg/hm2.a)>水田旱作油菜(64.5kg/hm2.a)>旱地苎麻(51.9kg/hm2.a)。  相似文献