食用向日葵产量性状的遗传研究     

杨海峰  段学艳  卫玲  刘博 《作物杂志》2020,36(5):93-7

以食葵不育系17-A26为母本、恢复系17-C19为父本,构建P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁和B₂ 6个世代群体,研究了产量相关性状盘径、单株总粒数、结实率、百粒重、粒长和粒宽的后代变异及遗传率。结果表明,6个性状均为数量性状,变异幅度排序为单株总粒数>粒长>盘径>结实率>百粒重>粒宽,狭义遗传率排序为百粒重>粒长>单株总粒数>粒宽>盘径>结实率。根据遗传进度结果,百粒重、粒长、单株总粒数和粒宽宜早代根据表型选择,盘径宜晚代选择,结实率宜晚代结合多环境联合选择。  相似文献   

橡胶树种质的分子量与分布差异及年度变化研究          下载免费PDF全文

曾霞  张福全  周世俊  胡彦师  黄华孙 《南方农业学报》2020,51(12):3004-3012

[目的]对橡胶树种质的分子量与分布差异及其年度变化进行研究,为橡胶树优异种质挖掘、优良新品种选育和天然橡胶加工提供参考依据.[方法]以18份橡胶树的野生种质和栽培种质为研究对象,采取非刺激割制,在割胶期间的上中下旬采割胶乳,应用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行分子量测定,分析分子量大小及其年度变化情况.[结果]18份橡胶树种质的数均分子量(Mn)、重均分子量(Mw)在种质间和年度内达极显著差异(P<0.01,下同),Mn年平均值为272414~764161,变异系数为0.09~0.37,Mw年平均值为2769600~3561437,变异系数为0.06~0.15;Z均分子量(Mz)在种质间差异不显著(P>0.05),但年度内差异达极显著水平,年平均值为7220414~7697966,变异系数为0.07~0.11;多分散系数(PDI)为4.7~8.8,栽培种质较野生种质具有更宽的分布.在年度变化上,大部分种质的Mn在开割前2个月较高,7月下降后并保持平稳,PDI则相反;Mw和Mz全年呈规律性波动态势,且均在7月中旬有明显的上升趋势.对测试月份分析发现,Mn、Mw和PDI年平均值与每月的上中下旬、代表性月份(5、7和10月或6、8和10月)测定平均值的相关系数均在0.950以上;Mn和PDI在代表性月份各测定1次,与年平均值的相关系数也在0.950以上(除6月上旬外),Mw则是5月下旬和7月、10月任一旬,以及6月下旬和8月、10月任一旬的平均值与年平均值的相关性更好,分别达0.927和0.913.18份橡胶树种质的GPC曲线各自呈现出一定特征,根据低峰情况可初步分为单峰和高低双峰分布2种类型,高峰大多出现在logMw为6.5处,低峰大多出现在logMw为5.4处.[结论]Mn、Mw和PDI可作为橡胶树种质胶乳特性的遗传指标,Mz不适合作为遗传指标.Mn、Mw和PDI年度内存在一定变化,可采取代表性月份测定或每月测定.  相似文献   

Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging     

Jie Kuai  Xiaoyong Li  Zhen Li  Yan Xie  Bo Wang  Guangsheng Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):823-836

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.  相似文献   

欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’NAC基因DRL1负向调节植物抗旱性     

朱自果  阴启忠  张庆田  韩真  张倩  李勃 《园艺学报》2020,47(12):2290-2300

以欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’（Vitis vinifera‘Yatomo Rose’）为材料，利用荧光定量PCR技术和转基因技术研究葡萄NAC转录因子DRL1基因对逆境的响应。欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’在激素和逆境胁迫下，DRL1表达呈下降趋势，其中以ABA和干旱胁迫处理最为显著。在ABA处理下DRL1转基因烟草株系种子萌发率和根长均高于野生型。干旱处理下，转基因植株对干旱的耐受性降低，同时胁迫相关基因NtLEA5、NtP5CR1、NtPSCS1、NtERD10C和NtDREB3的表达水平比野生型显著下降。此外，DRL1转基因烟草茎中柱发育受到抑制，尤其是导管横切面积仅为野生型的58%。以上结果表明，DRL1基因可能作为1个负向调节子参与植物的干旱胁迫。  相似文献   

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate     

Ruimin Chao  Chengqiang Xia  Caixia Pei  Wenjie Huo  Qiang Liu  Chunxiang Zhang  Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.  相似文献   

高职食品与药品类专业“基础化学”教学改革与实践     

宁波  胡■丹  崔珊珊  张栩  宋笛  耿敏 《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(4):110-111,114

“基础化学”理论和实验教学质量的“高与低”在一定程度上直接关乎高职院校与化学相近专业人才培养的“成与败”。以教学改革为切入点,在“基础化学”教材建设和系列微课的制作及应用2个维度上,探讨提升“基础化学”课程教学质量的具体措施。  相似文献   

Perspectives on validation in digital soil mapping of continuous attributes—A review     

Kristin Piikki  Johanna Wetterlind  Mats Sderstrm  Bo Stenberg 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):7-21

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山东小麦玉米机械化种植模式          下载免费PDF全文

王博  马根众  蒋明波  季晓毓 《农业工程》2020,10(8):5-10

通过调研山东75家新型农业经营组织生产情况，分析规模生产条件下山东小麦玉米种植规格、各环节作业方式和机械配备等生产现状与存在问题，提出了一种适合规模化生产的小麦玉米机械化种植模式，并对各环节作业提出了技术要求。   相似文献   

河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望     

刘猛  刘斐  赵宇  夏雪岩  李顺国 《农学学报》2021,11(3):93-100

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。  相似文献   

16份四川小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南抗条锈性表现     

曹世勤  王万军  孙振宇  徐志  贾秋珍  彭云良  黄瑾  张勃 《甘肃农业科技》2018,(7):40-42

小麦条锈病我国小麦生产上的最主要的病害,种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效环保的措施。2014—2017年,先后对16份四川省小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南不同生态区的甘谷试验站和汪川良种场两地进行自然诱发鉴定,评价其抗病性。结果发现,所有供试品种均表现感病,川农10号等5份材料具有慢条锈性。  相似文献