哺乳犊牛的消化特点与蛋白质需要   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李辉  刁其玉 《中国饲料》2005,(21):22-24

本文从犊牛的消化生理特点出发,综述了犊牛出生后的生理特征及蛋白质、必需氨基酸的需要量,并对代乳品中蛋白质原料进行了论述。  相似文献   

代乳粉用于早期断奶犊牛的效果研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

刁其玉  张乃锋  刘文忠  祖致富  袁耀明 《乳业科学与技术》2004,27(2):70-73

犊牛使用代乳品可以节省鲜奶，降低饲养成本，控制疾病的发生，促进消化系统的发育。试验用24头犊牛做试验，60日龄断奶。结果表明，代乳品组犊牛增重47．55千克；对照组增重41．72千克；吃代乳品的犊牛在30-60日龄的日增重达到1026克，高于对照组103克。吃代乳品的犊牛每增重1千克的直接饲料成本为15．13元，比鲜奶组犊牛低2．14元／千克。  相似文献   

茶黄酮对无角多赛特羊生长和呼吸道疾病的影响     

张乃锋  刁其玉  丁金芝  唐全生 《中国草食动物》2005,25(5):46-47

选择平均体重为26．6kg的无角多赛特断奶大羔羊22只．平均体重为49．3kg的无角多赛特育成羊48只，分别分为对照组和试验组，试验组羊只精料补充料中添加300mg／kg的茶黄酮，研究茶黄酮对羊只生长和呼吸道疾病的影响。结果表明，添加茶黄酮可提高羔羊和育成羊的增重效果．和对照组比较羔羊提高增量9．8%（P〉0．05），育成羊提高增重6．1%（P〉0．05）；在饲料中添加茶黄酮可使羔羊呼吸道疾病发病率降低64%，使育成羊呼吸道疾病发病率降低50%，可有效预防羊的呼吸道疾病。  相似文献   

棘孢木霉葡聚糖酶基因Glu1的克隆及原核表达     

刁桂萍  杨帅  遇文婧 《草业科学》2018,35(7):1685-1694

从棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)ACCC30536中克隆获得一个葡聚糖酶基因Glu1,其cDNA全长984bp,编码327个氨基酸。该葡聚糖酶属于Glyco-hydro-12家族,推测为β-1,4-葡聚糖酶,与深绿木霉IMI 206040的Glycohydro-12家族蛋白(XP_013940397.1)有91%相似性,且亲缘关系较近。运用qRT-PCR技术检测9种诱导条件下棘孢木霉Glu1基因的表达水平,结果表明,Glu1基因能参与棘孢木霉对山新杨(Populus davidiana×P.alba var.pyramidlis)或杨树病原菌的识别。构建原核表达载体并获得重组蛋白rGlu1。酶活特性分析结果表明,该酶最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃,且酶活性随诱导时间延长逐渐升高,在5h达到稳定。  相似文献   

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep          下载免费PDF全文

B. Wang  T. Ma  K.‐D. Deng  C.‐G. Jiang  Q.‐Y. Diao 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(5):902-910

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.  相似文献   

Mutant-prevention concentrations of enrofloxacin for Escherichia coli isolates from chickens     

Li Q  Bi X  Diao Y  Deng X 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(8):812-815

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of enrofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens by determining mutant-prevention concentrations (MPCs) and sequence the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes in selected isolates. SAMPLE POPULATION: 15 chicken-derived E coli isolates. PROCEDURES: For all isolates, MPC and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin were determined. The MPCs and maximum serum drug concentrations attained with enrofloxacin doses recommended for treatment of E coli infections in chickens were compared. Mutation frequencies and QRDR sequence changes in gyrA and parC were also determined. RESULTS: In 2 of 15 E coli strains, MPCs were low (0.016 and 0.062 microg/mL), MPC:MIC ratios were 2 and 4, and the GyrA and ParC proteins had no mutations. In 9 susceptible isolates with a GyrA point mutation, MPCs ranged from 2 to 16 microg/mL. For isolates with double mutations in GyrA and a single mutation in ParC, MPCs were > 32 microg/mL (several fold greater than the maximal plasma concentration of enrofloxacin in chickens); mutation frequencies were also much lower, compared with frequencies for single-mutation isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For E coli infections of chickens, MPC appears to be useful for determining enrofloxacin-dosing strategies. The high MPC:MIC ratio may result in enrofloxacin-treatment failure in chickens infected with some wild-type gyrA E coli isolates despite the isolates' enrofloxacin susceptibility (MICs 0.125 to 1 microg/mL). For infections involving isolates with high MPCs, especially those containing mutations in gyrA and parC genes, treatment with combinations of antimicrobials should be adopted.  相似文献   

引进亚洲百合新品种的筛选   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刁义维  焦雪辉  吴锦娣  张英杰  吴沙沙  张启翔  吕英民 《分子植物育种》2010,8(4):758-763

本研究以国外引进的11个亚洲百合品种为试验材料,通过箱式栽植将其种植在国家花卉工程中心温室内,并对植株生长高度、花蕾和花径大小等综合性状进行对比与分析,从中筛选出了适宜北京地区温室栽培的‘Black Out’、‘Cheops’和‘Navona’等3个百合切花品种以及名为‘Mount Duckling’的1个盆栽品种。本研究为亚洲百合新品种的筛选提供了一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

混合瘤胃微生物体外利用蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的研究     

刁欢  李吕木  胡良卫  凌俊 《中国草食动物》2007,27(6):9-11

为研究瘤胃微生物对瘤胃液中添加的蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的利用情况，并进一步探讨添加氨基酸对瘤胃液中尿素氮、部分酶活的影响，将采集到的来自3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年萨能山羊的瘤胃液混合后，平均分装成18个瓶，随机分成3个处理组，每组6个重复。采用6重复随机因子试验设计。第1组中每瓶添加蛋氨酸2mM（0．25mol／L．Met溶液8mL），第2组中每瓶添加赖氨酸2mM（0．25mol／L Lys溶液8mL），第3组中每瓶加等体积蒸馏水作为空白对照组，体外培养16h。结果表明：添加氨基酸后，混合瘤胃液中的尿素氮（UN）含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）活性随着体外培养时间的延长而迅速增加，并且添加蛋氨酸组的GLDH的活性明显高于其他两组（P〈0．01），而添加赖氨酸组的GLDH活性则极显著低于蛋氨酸组和对照组（P〈0．01）；添加的氨基酸和体外培养时间对于谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性没有显著的影响（P〉0．05）；添加氨基酸组的谷草转氨酶（GOT）的活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），但体外培养时间对各组中GOT的活性没有显著的影响。说明体外培养过程中瘤胃微生物分解赖氨酸的速率要比蛋氨酸快；添加的氨基酸使UN增加，但对GOT、GPT的活性起抑制作用；添加蛋氨酸可增加GLDH活性，但添加赖氨酸却有抑制作用。  相似文献   

山羊瘤胃给饲蛋氨酸和拉沙里菌素对血液指标的影响     

胡良卫  李吕木  刁欢  凌俊 《中国草食动物》2007,27(6):17-20

采用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的萨能母山羊为试验动物．试验分为4期，每期6d。每期为一个处理。对照组：基础日粮；处理Ⅰ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸；处理Ⅱ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸＋0．15g拉沙里菌素；处理Ⅱ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸＋0．20g拉沙里菌素。每期的最后一天为血样的采样日，采样日的采样时间点为3个，即当日早晨饲喂前（0h）、饲喂后2h和5h。血样经处理后．测定样本中血浆游离蛋氨酸（PFM）的含量和有关酶的活性。试验结果表明：不同处理之间，在0h处理Ⅲ的谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）活性显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），谷草转氨酶（GOT）极显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），处理ⅡGOT活性极显著低于对照组和处理Ⅰ（P〈0．01）；在2h处理ⅡGGT活性显著低于处理Ⅱ（P＜0．05），极显著低于处理Ⅰ（P〈0．01），处理ⅢGPT活性显著高于处理Ⅱ（P〈0．05），极显著高于对照组和处理Ⅰ（P＜0．01）；在5h处理IGGT活性显著高于处理Ⅱ（P＜0．05），处理ⅢGPT活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），处理Ⅰ的PFM水平在0、2、5h均极显著高于对照组、处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅱ（P〈0．01）；不同处理内，处理Ⅰ的0hGGT活性显著低于2、5h（P〈0．05）。5h的PFM水平显著高于0、2h（P〈0．05），处理Ⅲ的5hGGT活性低于0h（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

不同碳水化合物对犊牛消化生理功能的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张蓉  刁其玉 《乳业科学与技术》2007,29(5):216-218

碳水化合物是多羟基醛、酮及其衍生物的总称,是反刍动物瘤胃微生物的主要能量来源,在犊牛营养中起着重要的作用.介绍了碳水化合物的分类及在瘤胃中的消化代谢情况,并就近年来不同类型碳水化合物在犊牛开食料中的应用进行综述.  相似文献