Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016          下载免费PDF全文

Jian-zhai WU  Jing ZHANG  Zhang-ming GE  Li-wei XING  Shu-qing HAN  Chen SHEN  Fan-tao KONG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(1):289-299

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.  相似文献   

‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和快速繁殖     

张俊林  樊靖  胡玉春  杨浩  胡绍庆  沈柏春 《农学学报》2021,11(10):63-68

为建立‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和种苗繁育技术体系,以半木质化带芽茎段为外植体材料开展植株再生研究。通过观察对比试验法、L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计完全随机法、极差分析、显著性检验、LSD多重比较,探讨了‘哈伯’南天竹组培的最适培养基配方。试验结果表明：最佳诱导培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L +蔗糖30 g/L,诱导萌动率71.77%,成活率85.51%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM +6-BA 1.5 mg/L + IBA 0.01 mg/L + 蔗糖30 g/L,增殖系数6.3;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 蔗糖20 g/L + AC 0.2 g/L,生根率97.63%;试管苗移入泥炭土:珍珠岩=3:2(V/V)混合基质中,移栽成活率96.67%。该试验建立了高效稳定的组培快繁技术体系,得到的组培苗后代能够稳定的保持母本优良性状,为工厂化育苗提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

小球藻遗传转化技术研究进展     

曹苏珊  薛静  王倩楠  张秀海  安贤惠 《水产科学》2021,(2):294-300

小球藻( Chlorella )是一种单细胞真核藻类,属绿藻门、绿藻纲、绿球藻目、小球藻科、小球藻属 [1] 。作为最早开发的真核微藻之一,具有高营养价值、生长快速、结构简单、易工业化集成等显著优点。其细胞形态为球形或椭圆形,直径3~12 μm,呈单生或聚集成群状生长 [2] ,分布广泛,多见于淡水、咸水和土壤中。作为地球上最早的生命之一,小球藻基因比较稳定,至今未见有关其基因自发突变的报道。因其富含蛋白质、脂质、维生素、活性代谢产物等多种营养物质而被公认为具有高附加值和医疗保健作用,已经被广泛应用于保健食品 [3] 、水产养殖 [4] 、生物能源 [5] 等方面,关于小球藻生物技术的研究主要集中在基因组学 [6] 、分子遗传学 [7] 、代谢机理 [8] 、大规模培养 [9] 等方向。  相似文献   

水流冲击多段滞留气团的三维数值模拟     

卢坤铭  周领  刘静 《排灌机械工程学报》2021,39(3):264-269

针对水气两相瞬变现象,充分考虑了水体弹性、气体可压缩性、水-气交界面的动态运动以及多段气团间相互作用,采用三维CFD方法对起伏管道内含多段滞留气团的水气两相作用进行建模和模拟,选择Standard k-ε湍流模型进行模拟研究,将三维计算结果、现有一维模型计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,并通过水气两相分布图展现动态变化过程.结果表明:与一维模型相比,三维CFD模型能够更为准确地模拟起伏管道内瞬变压力波动,并且能够清楚描述水气掺混、耦合的动态变化.水流冲击初始两段滞留气团压力波动曲线显示,多气团间的瞬变压力并非同步变化,可能呈现多气团峰值压力交替出现的情况,这与初始气团长度密切相关.水气交界面自由变化,阻断水体长度时刻发生变化,当水体运动到管道弯曲处时会产生新的阻断水体,将气团分成若干部分.  相似文献   

Construction of Brucella abortus A19 VirB Promoter Deletion Strain and Study on Its Biological Characteristics     

DENG Xiaoyu  HE Jinke  YANG Qin  YI Jihai  WANG Yueli  XI Jing  WANG Zhen  CHEN Chuangfu 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(3):864-872

  相似文献   

采前喷施氯化钙与醋酸钙对冬枣品质和贮藏性的影响     

王清华  杜振宇  杨守军  马海林  马丙尧  刘方春  王静 《中国土壤与肥料》2020,(1):141-146

钙对果树果实品质有重要改善作用,而品质又决定了其商品价值和种植效益。研究钙对冬枣品质和果实贮藏的影响作用,对于改善冬枣商品性能,促进冬枣产业发展具有重要意义。然而,针对冬枣施用钙肥效应的研究鲜见报道,尚未有研究对醋酸钙等有机钙肥的应用效果进行探讨。通过在果实白熟期对冬枣叶果喷钙,研究单喷施氯化钙、醋酸钙以及两者配合喷施对冬枣品质指标以及常温下贮藏性能的影响。结果表明,采前喷钙可显著提高冬枣可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、钙、总黄酮含量和果实硬度,改善了冬枣品质;与单喷施氯化钙相比,采前喷施醋酸钙可显著提高可溶性固形物、钙和总黄酮含量;氯化钙与醋酸钙配合喷施处理对枣果品质的改善效果与单施醋酸钙的效果相似。在常温贮藏条件下,采前喷施醋酸钙促进了冬枣可溶性固形物含量的升高,加速了酸度降低,减缓了Vc消耗,同时减轻了贮藏期间软化现象。与单喷施氯化钙相比,喷施醋酸钙处理更有利于冬枣保持水分,延长其货架期。综合分析认为,在冬枣白熟期喷施醋酸钙是改善果实品质和耐藏性能的有效措施。  相似文献   

覆盖作物翻压对华北平原春玉米产量和土壤养分的影响     

魏静  郭树芳  翟丽梅  刘泰  杨波  孙本华 《中国土壤与肥料》2020,(1):172-178

冬季覆盖作物-春玉米种植模式是减缓华北平原冬小麦减少导致的耕地裸露及其环境影响的新型农业生产方式,但其翻压后对华北平原下一季春玉米生长季作物产量和土壤养分及微生物学性质的影响研究鲜见。本研究以华北平原冬闲田-玉米(WFM)为对照,设置毛叶苕子-玉米(VrM)、二月兰-玉米(OvM)以及冬油菜-玉米(BcM)3个覆盖作物处理,通过盆栽试验研究了冬季种植覆盖作物翻压对玉米生长季土壤理化性质、微生物量和玉米生长特性的影响。结果表明:(1)翻压覆盖作物显著提高了玉米产量以及作物养分吸收量。与WFM处理相比,OvM处理秸秆产量和籽粒产量提高幅度最大,分别为33.3%和35.5%(P0.05);BcM处理地上部氮、磷、钾和地下部磷素吸收量显著提高(P0.05),分别为30.7%、74.7%、57.6%和171.4%。(2)翻压覆盖作物能显著提高0～10和10～20 cm土层有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全钾含量(P0.05)。此外,翻压覆盖作物能显著降低玉米幼苗期土壤NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量(P0.05),范围为0.50～3.52和21.40～33.13mg·kg~(-1)。(3)在玉米的不同生育期,覆盖作物翻压处理的SMBC、SMBN和SMBP均显著高于冬闲处理(P0.05)。综合翻压覆盖作物对华北平原玉米产量及土壤理化性质和微生物量含量的影响,华北平原冬油菜-玉米和二月兰-玉米轮作模式效果较好。  相似文献   

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒及其系统进化分析     

韩盛  麦麦提艾力·阿卜杜纳斯尔  杨渡  温且木·阿布列孜  玉山江·麦麦提 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(5):866-872

【目的】检测新疆南疆7个县/市瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV),进行系统发育分析,为新疆南疆CCYV预警和防控提供参考。【方法】于2019年,从中国新疆南疆7个县/市采集带有黄化特征的51份甜瓜叶片样品,RT-PCR进行CCYV的检测,进行特异性片段的克隆、测序和系统发育分析。【结果】中国新疆巴楚县、阿克苏市、莎车县、伽师县、疏勒县、疏附县均未检测到CCYV,而洛浦县的13份样本中,8份检出为CCYV阳性,检出率为61.53%,洛浦县CCYV特异性片段克隆测序获得了685 bp的核酸序列,与GenBank中的CCYV分离物外壳蛋白(Coat protein, CP)的一致性达到100%。所得序列与中国新疆(吐鲁番)、中国其他省、苏丹、日本、塞浦路斯、黎巴嫩的CP基因聚在I组(Group),沙特阿拉伯的分离物聚在Ⅱ组,伊朗的分离物聚在Ⅲ组。【结论】CCYV在中国新疆南疆洛浦县甜瓜产区发生,与中国新疆吐鲁番、中国其他省及周围国家的CCYV分离物亲缘关系很近,且群体遗传变异很小。  相似文献   

不同杀青方式龙井茶自动化连续生产线加工工艺探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金晶  邵宗清  张兰美 《茶叶》2017,43(3)

文章剖析了不同杀青方式龙井茶自动化连续生产线的设备配置和工艺流程,对生产线的龙井茶品质进行感官评价,为龙井茶生产线推广应用提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

J. Cao  Y. Gong  E. T. Yeh  N. M. Holden  J. F. Adamowski  R. C. Deo  M. Liu  J. Zhou  J. Zhang  W. Zhang  S. Zhang  D. Sheng  S. Yang  X. Xu  M. Li  Q. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(4):663-671

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.  相似文献