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1.
利用GIS在空间分析和系统开发上的优势,集成了灾害强度和灾情要素的评估模型,建立了自然灾害灾情要素评估系统.系统以C/S结构为主体架构,基于组件式GIS平台ArcGIS Engine和J2EE平台,实现了我国10种常见自然灾害的灾情评估.依据不同灾害的强度和灾情要素,开发了自然灾害发生、发展、成灾演进过程的系列评估模型,并以洪涝灾害为应用案例进行评估,证明了系统的有效性和合理性.  相似文献   
2.
A 10‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential use of fermented fisheries by‐products and soybean curd residues mixture (FFSM) as a partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in the diet of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Five experimental diets were formulated with FFSM replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% of the FM protein (FFSM0, FFSM15, FFSM30, FFSM45, and FFSM60, respectively). Juvenile olive flounder averaging 5.99 ± 0.08 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into aquaria at 15 fish/aquarium, with three replicate aquaria for each experimental diet. Weight gain (WG) of fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, and FFSM30 was significantly higher than that of fish fed FFSM45 and FFSM60 (P < 0.05). Also, WG of fish fed FFSM45 was significantly higher than that of fish fed FFSM60 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in WG among fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, and FFSM30 (P > 0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed FFSM15 was significantly higher than that of fish fed FFSM45 and FFSM60 (P < 0.05). Also, SGR of fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, FFSM30, and FFSM45 was significantly higher than that of fish fed FFSM60 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in SGR among fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, and FFSM30 and among those fed FFSM0, FFSM30, and FFSM45 (P > 0.05). Feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed FFSM60 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, FFSM30, and FFSM45 (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in FE and PER among fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, FFSM30, and FFSM45. Hepatosomatic index of fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, and FFSM30 was significantly higher than that of fish fed FFSM60 (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among fish fed FFSM0, FFSM15, FFSM30, and FFSM45 and among those fed FFSM45 and FFSM60. No significant differences were observed in condition factor and survival rate among all dietary groups tested. The whole‐body proximate composition averaged 75.0 (% dry matter basis [DM]), 8.66 (% DM), 16.38 (% DM), and 76.1%, for crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and moisture, respectively. Based on growth performance, the FFSM could replace up to 30% FM protein by the ANOVA test; however, broken‐line model analysis indicated 28.7% as an optimum replacement level in juvenile olive flounder diets.  相似文献   
3.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary propolis supplementation on growth performance, immune responses, disease resistance and body composition of juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica, in order to evaluate its bioavailability as a feed additive for this species. A total of 540 fish averaging 7.7?±?0.22?g (mean?±?SD) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks in groups of 30, and each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of six diets containing 0 (P0), 0.25 (P0.25), 0.5 (P0.5), 1.0 (P1), 2.0 (P2) and 4.0 (P4) % dietary propolis. At the end of 12?weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed P0.5 diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed P0, P1, P2 and P4 diets (P?<?0.05). These parameters were 148.9%, 0.72% day?1, 94.4% and 2.9, respectively for fish fed P0.5 diet. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed P0.5 (105.7 units mL?1) and P1 (106.0 units mL?1) diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed P0, P0.25, P2 and P4 diets. Mucus lysozyme activity of fish fed P1 (8.4 units 10?cm?2) diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed P0, P2 and P4 diets. Results indicated that the optimum dietary propolis supplementation levels could be 0.25?C0.5% for optimum growth and feed efficiency, and 0.5?C1% for enhanced immune responses and disease resistance in eel, A. japonica. This study may suggest that the dietary propolis level for the optimum immune responses could be higher than the level for the optimum growth of eel.  相似文献   
4.
A 10‐wk feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential use of fermented soybean curd residues (FSCR) as an energy source in diets for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain dry soybean curd residues to replace wheat meal (WM) at the levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (FSCR0, FSCR25, FSCR50, FSCR75, and FSCR100, respectively). Fish averaging 6.00 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 15 aquaria as groups of 15 fish and fed the experimental diets in triplicate at a rate of 4–5% of wet body weight per day twice daily on dry matter basis. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diet FSCR25 were significantly higher than those of fish fed diets FSCR50, FSCR75, and FSCR100 (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in WG and SGR among fish fed diets FSCR0 and FSCR25 and among those fed diets FSCR0 and FSCR50. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of olive flounder fed diet FSCR25 were significantly higher than those of fish fed diets FSCR50, FSCR75, and FSCR100 (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in these parameters among fish fed diets FSCR0 and FSCR25 and among those fed diets FSCR0, FSCR50, FSCR75, and FSCR100. Hematological characteristics, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and survival rate of fish fed FSCR0 were not significantly different from those of fish fed the other diets. These results indicated that FSCR could replace up to 50% WM as an energy source in juvenile olive flounder diets based on ANOVA test.  相似文献   
5.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of the graded recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) levels on growth, plasma rBST concentrations, and body composition of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, and to estimate the optimum oral dosage of rBST. Seven experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric and to contain 49.0% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy/g, with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 50 mg rBST/kg body weight (BW)/wk (rBST0, rBST5, rBST10, rBST15, rBST20, rBST25, and rBST50, respectively). After the feeding trial, fish fed all the diets supplemented with rBST showed higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the rBST0 diet (P < 0.05). WG of fish fed rBST15, rBST20, rBST25, and rBST50 diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed rBST0 and rBST5 diets (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among fish fed rBST10, rBST15, rBST20, rBST25, and rBST50 diets. FE of fish fed rBST15 and rBST20 diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed rBST0, rBST5, rBST10, and rBST50 diets, and fish fed rBST10, rBST25, and rBST50 diets had significantly higher FE than those fed rBST0 and rBST5 diets (P < 0.05). SGR of fish fed all the diets supplemented with rBST was significantly higher than that of fish fed rBST0 diet (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among fish fed all the diets supplemented with rBST. PER of fish fed rBST15 and rBST20 diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed rBST0, rBST5, and rBST50 diets, and fish fed rBST10, rBST25, and rBST50 diets had significantly higher PER than those fed rBST0 and rBST5 diets (P < 0.05). Whole‐body protein of fish fed rBST15 diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed rBST0, rBST5, and rBST10 diets (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among fish fed rBST15, rBST20, rBST25, and rBST50 diets. Plasma rBST concentrations of fish fed all the diets began to rise at 3 h after oral administration of rBST; the maximum plasma rBST concentration peaked at 12 h and returned to the basal level at 24 h. Broken‐line model analyses of WG and FE were 12.8 and 13.2 mg rBST/kg BW/wk, respectively. These results indicated that the optimum oral dosage could be greater than 12.8 mg rBST/kg BW/wk but less than 13.2 mg rBST/kg BW/wk in juvenile Korean rockfish.  相似文献   
6.
A 14‐wk feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the optimum dietary ascorbic acid (AA) level in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumbers averaging 1.49 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 rectangular plastic tanks of 20 L capacity in a recirculating system (20 animals per tank). Six semipurified experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate [AMP]; AMP0), 30 (AMP24), 60 (AMP48), 120 (AMP100), 240 (AMP206), and 1200 (AMP1045) mg AA/kg diet in the form of AMP using casein as the main protein source. Sea cucumbers were fed each of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of 14 wk of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency (FE) of sea cucumbers fed AMP100, AMP206, and AMP1045 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of animals fed AMP0, AMP24, and AMP48. However, there were no significant differences in WG, SGR, and FE among sea cucumbers fed AMP100, AMP206, and AMP1045 and among animals fed AMP0, AMP24, and AMP48. Whole‐body vitamin C concentration increased with AA content of the diets. Broken‐line analysis of WG showed an optimum dietary AA level of 105.3 mg AA/kg diet in sea cucumber. These results indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin C level in sea cucumber in the form of AMP could be greater than 100 mg AA/kg diet but less than 105.3 mg AA/kg diet.  相似文献   
7.
This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) requirement in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumbers averaging 1.48 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 rectangular plastic tanks of 20 L capacity in a recirculating system (20 animals per tank). Six semi‐purified experimental diets with average protein and crude lipid levels (dry matter) of 29.7 ± 0.36% and 4.39 ± 0.23% (mean ± SD), respectively were formulated to contain 0 (E4), 15 (E12), 30 (E23), 60 (E44), 120 (E77) and 600 (E378) mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet, supplied as dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate. Diets were analyzed for α‐tocopherol content by HPLC and the α‐tocopherol levels were 4.01, 12.4, 23.1, 44.3, 77.4 and 378 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet for E4, E12, E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets, respectively. Casein and defatted fish meal were used as the protein sources in the diets while wheat flour was the carbohydrate source. Sea cucumbers were fed each of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of the 14‐week feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of sea cucumbers fed on E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of animals fed on E4 and E12 diets. However, there were no significant differences in WG, SGR and FE among sea cucumbers fed on E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets or among those fed on E4 and E12 diets. Survival of sea cucumbers fed on E44, E77 and E378 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed on E4, E12 and E23 diets. However, there were no significant differences among sea cucumbers fed on E4, E12 and E23 diets or among those fed on E44 and E77 diets. Whole‐body vitamin E concentration increased with α‐tocopherol content of the diets. Broken line analysis of WG showed an optimum dietary α‐tocopherol requirement of 41 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet in sea cucumber. These results indicated that the optimum dietary α‐tocopherol requirement in sea cucumber in the form of dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate could be higher than 23.1 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet but lower than 44 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet.  相似文献   
8.
The present study was conducted to determine the safe and toxic levels of dietary copper in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, fed Mintrex® copper, a chelated dietary copper source. Fish averaging 3.8 ± 0.13 g (mean ± SD) were fed 1 of 10 diets (n = 3) containing 7 (Cu0), 10.4 (CuM5), 15.8 (CuM10), 24.9 (CuM20), 43.4 (CuM40), 82.1 (CuM80), 158 (CuM160), 308 (CuM320), 658 (CuM640), and 1267 (CuM1280) mg Cu/kg diet. At the end of 12 wk of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed CuM5 and CuM10 diets were significantly higher than those fed CuM80, CuM160, CuM320, CuM640, and CuM1280 diets (P < 0.05). Survival of fish fed Cu0, CuM5, CuM10, CuM20, and CuM40 diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed CuM320, CuM640, and CuM1280 diets. Whole‐body lipid content of fish decreased while whole‐body ash increased with dietary copper levels. Whole‐body and tissue copper concentrations increased with dietary copper levels. Although ANOVA test suggested that the toxic level of dietary Cu in juvenile olive flounder, P. olivaceus, could be 320 mg/kg diet, broken‐line analysis of WG indicated a level of 286 mg/kg diet when Mintrex®Cu is used as the dietary copper source.  相似文献   
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