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Claudia Böhm Manuela Schnyder Stig Milan Thamsborg Caryn M. Thompson Candace Trout Sonja Wolken Beate Schnitzler 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):272-277
Angiostrongylus vasorum is an increasingly reported parasite in Europe that develops in dogs after ingestion of infective third stage larvae (L3) that reside in gastropod molluscs which are needed to complete the parasite's life-cycle. Infection can produce a diversity of clinical signs, determined by involvement of the respiratory, neurological, and/or coagulation system, with a likely fatal outcome in the absence of treatment. Few drugs have been shown to reliably prevent infection, and data on treatment of infections is limited. A controlled, randomized, partially blinded laboratory study was therefore executed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of spinosad/milbemycin oxime in dogs inoculated with approximately 250 A. vasorum L3. Sixteen healthy nematode free adult dogs were randomly allocated to two study groups of 8 dogs each. Thirty days post inoculation (dpi) all dogs in the fed state were treated: dogs in group B were treated with spinosad and milbemycin oxime at the dose rates of 45–60 mg/kg and 0.75–1.0 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively, approximately the lower half portion of the expected full unit dose range; dogs in group A were treated with placebo tablets. All dogs were euthanized and necropsied 56–58 dpi. The heart and lungs were examined to determine the presence of A. vasorum. All placebo group dogs were infected at necropsy with counts ranging from 22 to 98 adult worms and a geometric mean worm count of 55.2. In contrast, the geometric mean worm count in the spinosad/milbemycin oxime group was 0.7 with worm numbers ranging from 0 to 8. The results of this study demonstrate that a single treatment with the tablet combination of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered 30 dpi provided 98.8% preventive efficacy against development of adult A. vasorum infections. Monthly treatments with spinosad and milbemycin oxime have the potential to prevent the establishment of infections with A. vasorum in dogs. 相似文献
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Kristina G. Miles DVM MS Jimmy C. Lattimer DVM MS Gary F. Krause PhD David W. Knapp DVM Candace E. Sayles DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(6):258-263
Sonographic evaluation of the pancreas was performed in ten healthy research dogs following intraperitoneal fluid administration. Physiological saline solution was aseptically introduced into the peritoneal cavity of each dog to create an acoustic window that would facilitate sonographic delineation of normal pancreatic tissues. Abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed in all dogs before and after the production of the diagnostic hydroperitoneum. Sonograms of the pancreas and other abdominal organs were scored on the basis of image clarity by experienced and novice ultrasonographers. Statistical analysis was then used to compare the effectiveness of each preparation method. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was established between the scores from the diagnostic hydroperitoneum sonograms and the baseline scans performed without intraperitoneal fluid placement. Sonographic visualization scores for the pancreas and other abdominal organs were increased following production of the diagnostic hydroperitoneum. These results indicate that the technique of diagnostic hydroperitoneum will significantly improve ultrasonographic visualization of the pancreas, and may prove useful in the diagnosis of canine pancreatic disease. 相似文献
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Jacobs CA 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2006,33(4):558-560
The veterinary profession is rich in opportunities that are ignored. The veterinary profession should evolve to a new level--to more broadly include all aspects of public health. Veterinary education, even in its current classical mode, provides a rich base for multiple careers. With expansion, there will be a wealth of opportunities for veterinarians to be leaders in many phases of business and society. 相似文献
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Method: low-cost delivery of the cotton leaf crumple virus-induced gene silencing system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Background
We previously developed a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for cotton from the bipartite geminivirusCotton leaf crumple virus (CLCrV). The original CLCrV VIGS vector was designed for biolistic delivery by a gene gun. This prerequisite limited the use of the system to labs with access to biolistic equipment. Here we describe the adaptation of this system for delivery by Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). We also describe the construction of two low-cost particle inflow guns.Results
The biolistic CLCrV vector was transferred into two Agrobacterium binary plasmids. Agroinoculation of the binary plasmids into cotton resulted in silencing and GFP expression comparable to the biolistic vector. Two homemade low-cost gene guns were used to successfully inoculate cotton (G. hirsutum) and N. benthamiana with either the CLCrV VIGS vector or the Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) VIGS vector respectively.Conclusions
These innovations extend the versatility of CLCrV-based VIGS for analyzing gene function in cotton. The two low-cost gene guns make VIGS experiments affordable for both research and teaching labs by providing a working alternative to expensive commercial gene guns. 相似文献9.
Animal farms are recognized as a major contributor to environmental pollution with antibiotic resistance genes, the persistence
at the source and the discharge routes to the environment of which need better understanding. The presence of 16 tetracycline
resistance genes (TRG) was assessed in feed, feces, manure lagoons, and the vicinities of three Georgia swine farms varied
on antibiotic usage and other operational characteristics. In these farms, TRG profiles of feces and lagoons were composed
of the same “persistent” and “transient” genes, with the former consistently observed in farms’ proximities and the latter
quickly attenuated in the lagoons. Fourteen TRG incidents, 13 of which occurred in gullies, ponds, and creeks, were detected
around farms. Their frequency correlated to the cumulative antibiotic usage (R
2 = 0.99), number of lagoons (R
2 = 0.73), and precipitation (R
2 = 0.83), but not to the size of herd or the amount of manure used for fertilization. Gene-specific amplicons of TRG from
the farms’ proximities were similar to those of “persistent” TRG from corresponding farms. Our data suggested the independency
of TRG profiles of antibiotic usage, variability in TRG persistence in manure lagoons, correlations between operational practices
and TRG incidence in farms’ vicinities, and spills and seepage from lagoons as TRG environmental routes. 相似文献
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On the interpretation of test sensitivity in the two-test two-population problem: Assumptions matter
Wesley O. Johnson Ian A. Gardner Candace N. Metoyer Adam J. Branscum 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):116-121
Bayesian analyses of diagnostic test accuracy often require the assumption of constant test accuracy among populations to ensure model identifiability. In a prior study (Toft, N., Jørgensen, E., Højsgaard, S., 2005. Diagnosing diagnostic tests: evaluating the assumptions underlying the estimation of sensitivity and specificity in the absence of a gold standard. Prev. Vet. Med. 68, 19–33), the sensitivity estimate from a two-test two-population model was shown to be weighted toward the population with the higher prevalence of infection. In the present study, we provided analytical formulae that give insight into the effect of assuming constant sensitivity when this assumption was false. To further investigate the effect of failure of the assumption of constant sensitivity, we also simulated several data sets under the assumption that the first test's sensitivity varied in the two populations. Bayesian conditional independence models that presumed constant sensitivities were implemented in WinBUGS and posterior estimates (mean and 95% probability intervals) were evaluated based on the known true values of the parameters. Findings from the Bayesian analyses of several scenarios indicated that the posterior mean was a good estimate of the weighted mean of the sensitivities in the two populations, when one test was perfectly specific. When neither test was perfectly specific, the Bayesian posterior mean for test 1 sensitivity was either greater than the larger of the two true sensitivities, or smaller than both, and estimates of prevalence and the second test's specificity were incorrect. The implication is that estimates of some parameters will be biased if test sensitivities are not constant across populations. Without a perfectly specific test, and if the assumption of constant sensitivity fails, the only solution we are aware of would involve incorporating prior information on at least two parameters. 相似文献