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Pederson GT Gray ST Woodhouse CA Betancourt JL Fagre DB Littell JS Watson E Luckman BH Graumlich LJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6040):332-335
In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States. 相似文献
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IgG and IgM in serum from 164 aborted and 59 abattoir foetuses were measured by radial immuno-diffusion. Ig was detected in 133 (81.1%) aborted and 6 (10.2%) abattoir foetuses. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). More than 20 mg/100 ml IgG was found in 90 (54.9%) aborted foetuses and 1 (1.7%) abattoir foetus. More than 20mg/100 ml IgM was present in 62 (37.8%) aborted foetuses and 2 (3.4%) abattoir foetuses. In each case the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The mean concentration of IgG was 128 mg/100 ml in the aborted and 13 mg/100 ml in abattoir foetuses. The mean concentration of IgM was 34 mg/100 ml in aborted foetuses and 1.4 mg/100 ml in abattoir foetuses. Tissues from 143 aborted foetuses were examined histologically. Serum from 86 of the 143 had more than 20 mg/100 ml IgG, IgM or both; of these, 79 (91.9%) had well defined or possible lesions. No lesions were detected in 7 (8.1%). Serum from 32 of the 143 foetuses had 1 to 20 mg/100 ml IgG, IgM or both. Well-defined or possible lesions were seen in 24 (75.0%) of these. No lesions were detected in 8 (25.0%). Serum from 25 of the 143 foetuses had no detectable Ig. Of these, 11 (44.0%) had well defined or possible lesions. No lesions were seen in 14 (56.0%). If results of further investigation indicate the foetus does not frequently produce excess Ig in response to stimuli other than intrauterine infection, then measuring foetal Ig by RID may prove valuable as a first step in diagnosing infectious bovine abortion. 相似文献
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D. Martinovich B.V.Sc. M.S. M.R.C.V.S. Dip. Agric. D.A. Woodhouse A.I.M.L.T. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):259-263
Abstract Extract During the late summer and spring of the four years 1967 to 1970 many dairy herds throughout the Northland region? experienced outbreaks of a form of post-parturient haemoglobinuria. Clinically the disease was indistinguishable from that reported overseas. In 1970 the first cases occurred in mid-July and the incidence declined sharply towards the end of September, although in both 1969 and 1970 cases were still occurring towards the end of October. In some herds over 40% of the cows showed clinical evidence of the disease. Younger lactating cows, particularly 2- and 3-year-olds, were the more severely affected and most cases occurred 2 to 4 weeks post-partum. The most characteristic clinical feature of the disease was an anaemic state. Practising veterinarians reported that affected animals frequently showed haemoglobinuria, hyperpnoea, pyrexia, icterus, anorexia and decreased milk yield (either singly or in combination), and that occasional animals died with the disease. Intercurrent infectious disease (usually mastitis) was present in some of these fatal cases, while in others there was a history of forced exercise (usually droving with dogs) immediately prior to death. 相似文献
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D.E. Gardner Ph.D. B.V.Sc. Dip.Microbiol. M.A.C.V.SC. D. Martinovich B.V.Sc. M.S. M.R.C.V.S. M.A.C.-V.Sc. Dip.Agric. D.A. Woodhouse A.I.M.L.T. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):117-122
Sarcocysts morphologically similar to Sarcocystis muris were observed in the skeletal muscles of mice dosed with free isosporan sporocysts recovered from the faeces of naturally infected cats. Kittens fed these mice shed similar sporocysts measuring 8.7 ±0.1 x 10.8 ±0.1 μm in their faeces five to six days later. Feeding these sporocysts to mice and rats resulted in the formation of identical sarcocysts in mice, but not rats. Attempts to induce similar infections in mice using naturally acquired isolates of I. felis were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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The three-dimensional maps of the earth's interior now span regions from the bottom of the crust to the inner core of the earth. Although a wealth of new information on the dynamics of the earth has been discovered, the inner core offers the greatest surprise: it appears to be anisotropic with the axis of symmetry aligned with the axis of rotation. 相似文献
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D. Martinovich B.V.Sc. M.R.C.V.S. Margery E. Carter B.V.Sc. Dip.Bact. M.R.C.V.S. D.A. Woodhouse A.I.M.L.T. I.P. Mccausland B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):61-65
Extract When an immune serum is fractionated into its major components, for example by electrophoresis, the bulk of its antibody activity is seen to occur in the gamma globulins with some slight additional activity in the beta globulins. Proteins that have antibody activity are called immunoglobulins; these are divided into classes which differ in their structure and biology. Five such classes, designated IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, have been described in man. Immunoglobulins analogous to those of man probably occur in all mammals but in most species they remain to be specifically identified. Furthermore, the features of a given immunoglobulin class are broadly the same regardless of the species in which it occurs. 相似文献
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Analysis of broadband teleseismic data shows that the 18 June 2000 Wharton Basin earthquake, a moment magnitude 7.8 intraplate event in the region of diffuse deformation separating the Indian and Australian plates, consisted of two subevents that simultaneously ruptured two near-conjugate planes. This mode of rupture accommodates shortening by a mechanism different from that previously known elsewhere in the region. The larger subevent occurred on a fossil fracture zone, with a relatively high stress drop of about 20 megapascals, showing that large stresses can accumulate in regions of distributed deformation. 相似文献