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非洲企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)是一种濒危海鸟,也是动物园展出的重要物种。上海动物园从日本和荷兰引进非洲企鹅,种群不断扩大,并成为国内种群发展的基础。但对其遗传多样性和结构了解很少,无法开展有效的遗传管理。本研究分析了上海动物园39只非洲企鹅的mtDNA D-loop区430 bp序列,并与已发表的日本种群的数据进行比较。结果表明,该片段存在15个变异位点,占分析位点的3.5%;共定义了10个单倍型,其遗传距离为0.002~0.019。日本种群包含A、B两个mtDNA D-loop单倍型世系,上海种群的10个单倍型均属于A世系,且与日本种群有5个共享单倍型,其遗传多样性水平略低于日本种群。上海种群可以进一步分为3个小的世系,但置信度偏低(54%~87%)。上述结果提示,上海种群相对于日本种群的A世系而言有较好涵盖度,但仍有必要进一步引进建群个体,尤其是含有B世系单倍型的个体。 相似文献
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Yong Peng Wang Long Hai Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yantai Gan Feng Min Li 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):486-498
AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of plastic mulched ridge-furrow cropping on soil biochemical properties and maize (Zea mays L.) nutrient uptake in a semi-arid environment. Three treatments were evaluated from 2008 to 2010: no mulch (narrow ridges with crop seeded next to ridges), half mulch (as per no mulch, except narrow ridges were mulched), and full mulch (alternate narrow and wide ridges, all mulched with maize seeded in furrows). Compared to the no mulch treatment, full mulch increased maize grain yield by 50% in 2008 and 25% in 2010, but reduced yield by 21% in 2009 after low precipitation in early growth. Half mulch had a similar grain yield to no mulch in the three cropping years, suggesting half mulch is not an effective pattern for maize cropping in the area. Mulch treatments increased aboveground nitrogen (N) uptake by 21?34% and phosphorus (P) uptake by 21?42% in 2008, and by 16?32% and 14?29%, respectively, in 2010; but in 2009 mulching did not affect N uptake and decreased P uptake. Soil microbial biomass and activities of urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase at the 0?15 cm depth were generally higher during vegetative growth but lower during reproductive growth under mulch treatments than no mulch. Mulching treatments increased carbon (C) loss of buried maize residues (marginally by 5?9%), and decreased light soil organic C (15?27%) and carbohydrate C (12?23%) concentrations and mineralizable C and N (8?36%) at harvest in the 0?20 cm depth compared with no mulch, indicating that mulching promotes mineralization and nutrient release in soil during cropping seasons. As a result of these biological changes, mineral N concentration under mulch was markedly increased after sowing in upper soil layers compared with no mulch. Therefore, our results suggest that mulched cropping stimulated soil microbial activity and N availability, and thus contributed to increasing maize grain yield and nutrient uptake compared with no mulch. 相似文献
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CUI Zhi-feng HAO Yan-zhou SUN Wei-ming LI Deng-lai Sea College of Yantai University Yantai China 《华北农学报》2006,(Z3)
纤维素是鱼类重要的营养素,文章分析了有关纤维素的作用、鱼类饲料中纤维素的适宜含量及影响因素、饲料中纤维素含量过多的危害,同时,对一些研究方法也做了相应评价,对未来的研究方向提出了个人观点。 相似文献
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以食用菌种植为纽带的循环农业模式(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]有效利用农业资源特别是对农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的高效处理和利用。[方法]以山东久发食用菌股份有限公司为例,总结了以食用菌为纽带所建立的循环农业模式,并对该模式带来的经济、生态和社会效益进行了分析。[结果]以食用菌产业为纽带的循环农业模式主要是利用大量农牧业废弃物(麦秸、畜禽粪便等)发展食用菌产业,以培养料的规模生产加工销售为主导,实现村域内资金、技术、原材料、生产对象的最大集约化,吸纳更多的剩余劳动力从事食用菌生产;同时对产生的大量菌渣进行多途径的利用,不仅解决了食用菌生产中大量废弃菌渣的问题,而且进一步延长产业链条,增加从业者的收入,实现农业资源转化增值的最大化。[结论]该模式能充分利用农业生物质资源,减轻农业废弃物的环境污染,显著增加经济、生态和社会效益。 相似文献
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投喂频率对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长和体组成影响的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了不同投喂频率1次/d、2次/d(周日不投)、2次/d和3次/d对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、摄食率、饲料利用情况和全鱼及其组织组成的影响。结果表明:随着投喂频率的增加,星斑川鲽幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和摄食率显著升高,2次/d(周日不投)组增重率和特定生长率显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05),但与2次/d和3次/d组无显著性差异(P>0.05);2次/d(周日不投)组饲料转化率和蛋白质效率稍高于2次/d和3次/d组,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量不受投喂频率的显著影响(P>0.05),全鱼粗脂肪含量2次/d(周日不投)组显著低于2次/d组(P<0.05),全鱼灰分含量1次/d组显著高于2次/d(周日不投)组和3次/d组(P<0.05),其余各组差异不显著(P>0.05);肌肉水分含量随投喂频率增加而显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量与水分含量呈负相关,肌肉灰分含量1次/d组显著高于2次/d组(P<0.05),其余各组无显著性差异(P>0.05);肝脏水分和粗脂肪含量各组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),肝脏粗蛋白含量1次/d组显著低于其余各组(P<0.05),其余各组之间... 相似文献
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[Objective] The study was to analyze the karyotype of Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province. [Method] The root tip of A.macrostemon was pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, fixed, dissociated and stained for preparing the glass slide to reveal the chromosome number via the microscopic examination; the sparse cells with good chromosome morphology were photographed under microscope. [Result] Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City introduced in this study was triploid; its somatic chromosome number was 24 and karyotype formula was K(2n)=3x=24m(2SAT)+1Bs, thus the karyotype belongs to 1A type. One of the chromosome No. 3 contained satellite, and chromosome deletion may be existed in one of the chromosome No. 5. In addition, B chromosome was observed in some cells. [Conclusion] This introduction of triploid A.macrostemon found in China was the first time. 相似文献
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LI Qian YAO Shu-xia .Science Engineering College of Chemistry Biology Yantai University Yantai .College of Life Science Technology Guangxi University Nanning 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(1)
[Objective] The B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus was predicted.[Method]Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence and the flexible regions of VP73 protein,the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus were predicted by method of Kyte-Doolittle,Emini and Jameson-Wolf.[Result]The B cell epitopes were located at or adjacent to the N-terminal No.11-18,26-48,73-82,136-150,159-174,181-189,191-210,247-276,279-295,313-323 and 382-392.[Conclusion]The multi-parameters analytic method was adopted to predict the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus,which laid solid foundation for further characterizing the protein of VP73 and researching epitope vaccine. 相似文献
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