Schmeißfliegen (Calliphoridae) und vakuumverpackter Schinken     

B. Overgaard Nielsen  S. Achim Nielsen 《Journal of pest science》1976,49(8):113-115

Blowflies (Calliphoridae) and vacuum-packed ham In a few cases blowfly maggots have been reported from vacuum-packed ham. The possibility of egg-hatching and larval development in the product was analysed. In experiments no hatching of blowfly eggs on vacuum-packed, boiled, sliced ham occurred. However, the eggs are not killed immediately; 1–4 days after the packing, they are still viable and when the wrapping is broken, hatching may occur. After a stay of 7–10 days on vacuum-packed ham, the viability of the eggs seems lost. In the actual case the risk of oviposition by blowflies on ham in the cannery and succeeding larval development in the product is considered to be very low.  相似文献   

Effect of consumption of organically and conventionally produced apples on antioxidant activity and DNA damage in humans     

Briviba K  Stracke BA  Rüfer CE  Watzl B  Weibel FP  Bub A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7716-7721

The present study was performed to compare the effects on antioxidant activity and on DNA damage of organic and conventionally produced apples grown under controlled conditions in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Six healthy volunteers consumed either organically or conventionally grown apples (Golden Delicious, 1000 g) from two neighboring commercial farms in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over study. The average content of total identified and quantified polyphenols in the organically and conventionally produced apples was 308 and 321 microg/g fresh weight, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the sum of phenolic compounds or in either of the polyphenol classes were found between the agricultural methods. Consumption of neither organically nor conventionally grown apples caused any changes in antioxidant capacity of low-density lipoproteins (lag time test), endogenous DNA strand breaks, Fpg protein-sensitive sites, or capacity to protect DNA against damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. However, a statistically significant decrease in the levels of endonuclease III sensitive sites and an increased capacity to protect DNA against damage induced by iron chloride were determined 24 h after consumption in both groups of either organic or conventionally grown apples, indicating the similar antigenotoxic potential of both organically and conventionally grown apples.  相似文献   

Der Bulk-Stomata-Widerstand von Ackerbohnen und seine Abhängigkeit vom Bodenwassergehalt     

Achim Hennig  Heinrich Zakosek 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(2):165-167

Bulk stomatal resistance of Vicia faba and its dependence on soil water content Bulk stomatal resistance of beans (Vicia faba L.,) as a function of soil water content was estimated for 41 days by comparison of potential transpiration, determined from meteorological data, and actual transpiration, determined from soil water losses. The resistance of beans is about 46 s/m if soil water content is above 70 % of available field capacity and increases strongly in dryer situations. This behaviour can be described by an exponential function.  相似文献   

Bodenmechanische Eigenschaften als Kriterium für die Klassifizierung von Andepts aus Südchile     

Achim Ellies 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1987,150(5):327-333

Mechanical soil properties as criteria for the classification of Andepts The shear strenght in the upper layer of seven different Andepts from southern Chile was examined. The samples were taken from sites of a middle slope position, in one of the Andepts from five positions of catena. The intention was to determine the variation of shear strenght properties, within and between the soil series. Moreover, some physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined. The evaluation includes multiple regressions, principal component analyses (PCA) and cluster analyses, in order to check the interrelation of soil properties for grouping the samples. The variables of the first two components between the series which show the greatest variability of the soil properties are consistency characteristics and shear strenght parameters. The PCA permit conclusion that the shear strenght parameters are useful criteria for grouping the analysed Andepts. However, they contribute only moderately to the total variation between the samples of the studied catena. The groups of soil samples formed by the series from the same topographic position are closely related to their distance from the Andes and their particle size distribution. The groups formed by the samples from the catena, show the humidity of the site as a common influence factor.  相似文献   

Chemistry. The beauty of symmetry     

Müller A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):749-750

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LC-MS/MS quantification of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in human plasma and urine after dietary intake of selenium-fortified broccoli     

Hauder J  Winkler S  Bub A  Rüfer CE  Pignitter M  Somoza V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8047-8057

This study aimed at developing a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulforaphane (SFN) and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in plasma and urine after dietary intake of regular and selenium-fertilized broccoli using stable isotope dilution analysis. In a three-armed, placebo-controlled, randomized human intervention study with 76 healthy volunteers, 200 g of regular (485 μg of total glucosinolates and <0.01 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) or selenium-fertilized broccoli (589 μg of total glucosinolates and 0.25 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) was administered daily for 4 weeks. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin metabolites quantified in plasma and urine were SFN-glutathione, SFN-cysteine, SFN-cysteinylglycine, SFN-acetylcysteine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid, and ascorbigen, respectively. Dietary intake of selenium-fertilized broccoli increased serum selenium concentration analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy by up to 25% (p < 0.001), but affected neither glucosinolate concentrations in broccoli nor their metabolite concentrations in plasma and urine compared to regular broccoli.  相似文献   

LC-MS/MS quantification of bioactive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs     

Hu Y  Stromeck A  Loponen J  Lopes-Lutz D  Schieber A  Gänzle MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11983-11989

This study quantified antiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs supplemented with gluten proteins and fermented with six strains of Lactobacillus spp. Bioinformatic analysis of prolamins from barley, rye, and wheat demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptides LQP, LLP, VPP, and IPP are frequently encrypted in their primary sequence. These tripeptides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tripeptide levels in sourdoughs were generally higher as compared to the chemically acidified controls. Sourdoughs fermented with different strains showed different concentrations of LQP and LLP. These differences corresponded to strain-specific differences in PepO and PepN activities. The highest levels of peptides VPP, IPP, LQP, and LLP, 0.23, 0.71, 1.09, and 0.09 mmol (kg DM)(-1), respectively, were observed in rye malt: gluten sourdoughs fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri TMW 1.106 and added protease. These concentrations were 6-7 times higher as compared to sourdough without fungal protease and exceed the IC(50) by 100-1000-fold.  相似文献   

Die Ermittlung des Bulk-Stomata-Widerstandes und der aktuellen Evapotranspiration aus Saugspannungsmessungen des Bodenwassers - dargestellt am Beispiel von Acker-Unkrautgesellschaften auf Hochflutlehm     

Achim Hennig 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(3):197-201

The determination of bulk stomata resistance from tensiometric measurements of soil water - represented at the example of field weed societies on high flood loam It was shown that the computation of actual evapotranspiration from water losses above the zero flux layer is reliable enough to determine as well the bulk stomata resistance, used in Monteith's formula, as the shape of the reduction of potential to actual evapotranspiration. For field weed societies the bulk stomata resistance was determined to 37 s/m and, assuming a leaf area index of 3.0, the according plant resistance was calculated to 28 s/m. The reduction function from potential to actual evapotranspiration was linear one, starting at a water content of 70% of the available field capacity and ending at permanent wilking point. Both results are in good agreement with data from literature.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sewage sludge-based compost by FT-IR spectroscopy   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

M. Grube  J.G. Lin  P.H. Lee  S. Kokorevicha 《Geoderma》2006,130(3-4):324-333

The aerobic batch composting fermentations of sewage sludge with wood chips and maturity compost as co-composting additives were carried out in an open type lab-scale reactor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the composting process, evaluate the degradation rate and thus determine the maturity. Although the composition of the input mixture strongly affects the shape of the infrared (IR) spectra, typical bands of components can be selected and used to follow the composting process.

The appearance, shape and intensity of the nitrate band at 1384 cm^− 1 was well pronounced and evident for a sewage sludge-based compost maturity. An increase of the peak ratio 1384 / 2925 and decrease of 2925 / 1034, 1034 / 1384 correlated with the degree of decomposition. For the composting mixture under study the peak ratios 1034 / 1384 and 1384 / 2925 were more demonstrative. Considering the influence of the composting mixture (components and their ratio) on the shape of the FT-IR spectra the nitrate band at 1384 cm^− 1 can be overlapped by other absorption bands (e.g. lignin bands in 1300–1400 cm^− 1 region) thus appearing in the spectra as a shoulder, and therefore the ratios 1384 / 2925 and 1034 / 1384 become unusable to evaluate the maturity.

FT-IR spectroscopy is a quick and useful method to monitor the composting process; however any particular composting mixture needs preliminary studies of the spectra. Consequently, the most appropriate criteria describing the process (e.g. band ratios, shape and intensity of nitrate band) should be selected and the time / peak ratio curves recorded for a compost mixture under study. Afterwards monitoring of the composting process can be based on the comparison of the controls and definite samples.  相似文献   

The effects of management and plant diversity on carbon storage in coffee agroforestry systems in Costa Rica     

Achim H?ger 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(2):159-174

Agroforestry systems can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, conserve biodiversity and generate income. Whereas the provision of ecosystem services by agroforestry is well documented, the functional relationships between species composition, diversity and carbon (C)-storage remain uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the effects of management (conventional vs. organic), woody plant diversity and plant composition on aboveground and belowground C-storage in coffee agroforestry systems. It was expected that organic farms would store more C, and that an increase in plant diversity would enhance C-storage due to complementarity effects. Additionally, it was expected that steep slopes decrease C-storage as a result of topsoil erosion. Woody plants were identified on 1?ha plots within 14 coffee farms (7 conventional and 7 organic). C-stocks in trees, coffee plants and roots were estimated from allometric equations. C-stocks in litter and topsoil (0?C25?cm) were estimated by sampling. On average, farms stored 93?±?29?Mg?C?ha^?1. Soil organic carbon accounted for 69?% of total C. Total C-stocks were 43?% higher on organic farms than on conventional farms (P?<?0.05). Conventional and organic farms differed in vegetation structure, but not in species diversity. It was found that the combined effect of farm type, species richness, species composition and slope explained 83?% of the variation in total C-storage across all farms (P?<?0.001). Coffee agroforestry in general and organic farms in particular may contribute to GHG mitigation and biodiversity conservation in a synergistic manner which has implications for the effective allocation of resources for conservation and climate change mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector.  相似文献