动物细胞遗传学研究现状及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

门正明  韩建林 《甘肃农业大学学报》1993,28(4):317-322

本文介绍了细胞遗传学在动物方面的研究现状及其在畜牧业上的应用。细胞遗传学的研究主要以染色体为对象。目前世界上现存的哺乳动物约4100多种,其中进行过染色体研究或核型分析的有1468种,我国已研究过的有242种。细胞遗传学在人类医学上的应用是众所周知的,在畜牧业上主要用于对种畜进行细胞学检查,以消除对家畜繁殖性能有影响的畸变染色本,以染色体标记来识别家畜品种,对环境污染的监测及遗传操作中的染色体工程。  相似文献   

Spermatic and oxidative profile of domestic cat (Felis catus) epididymal sperm subjected to different cooling times (24, 48 and 72 hours)          下载免费PDF全文

DSR Angrimani  KK Nagai  BR Rui  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  MM Brito  MCP Francischini  M Nichi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):163-170

Cooling stored epididymal samples for several days allows facilities to transport and process genetic material post‐mortem. Improvements to this practice allow the preservation of sperm from domestic cats, which are the ideal study model for wild felids. However, the modifications in spermatic features and the oxidative profile are not fully understood in cats. This information is necessary for the development of biotechniques, such as new extenders for cryopreservation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the spermatic and oxidative profile in samples from the epididymal cauda of domestic cats cooled at 5°C for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis cauda. Evaluations consisted of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma membrane integrity (eosin/nigrosin), acrosome integrity (fast green/rose bengal), sperm morphology, sperm DNA integrity (toluidine blue), mitochondrial activity (3′3 diaminobenzidine), activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), measurement of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation. A decrease in sperm motility parameters was observed after 72 hr of cooling (i.e. total and progressive) with a higher percentage of minor (37.7 ± 6.3%) and total defects (53.4 ± 6.3%). Additionally, a decrease in high mitochondrial activity (Class I: 16.6 ± 2.2%) occurred after 72 hr. The decrease in motility rates after a long cooling time probably was caused by the increase in sperm abnormalities. A long cooling time causes cold shock and mitochondrial exhaustion, but there was no observed change with the oxidative stress condition. Therefore, cat epididymal sperm stored at 5°C appear to maintain a high quality for up to 48 hr of cooling time.  相似文献   

A fast,low‐cost and efficient method for the diagnosis of sperm DNA fragmentation in several species          下载免费PDF全文

BR Rui  DSR Angrimani  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  M Nichi  RJG Pereira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):171-175

Sperm DNA fragmentation is a condition that interferes directly in the reproductive efficiency. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the sperm DNA integrity, such as Alkaline Comet, TUNEL and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. However, many of these techniques are laborious and require high‐precision equipment. Thus, the development of new techniques can optimize the evaluation of sperm DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to standardize the toluidine blue (TB) stain technique for the analysis of DNA fragmentation of dog, cat, bull, stallion and ram spermatozoa. For this purpose, we used six animals of each specie (n = 30), in reproductive age. Sperm was collected by different methods according to the particularities of each species, and such samples were divided into two aliquots: a sperm sample was kept at 5°C (considered as intact sperm DNA), and the remaining samples were submitted to the induction of DNA fragmentation by exposure to ultraviolet light for 4 hr. Samples were then mixed with the intact sample to obtain known and progressive proportions of sperm with fragmented DNA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Semen smears were performed and subjected to staining with TB. Blue‐stained spermatozoa were considered to have DNA fragmentation. We observed high linear regression coefficients between the expected proportion of damaged DNA and the results of TB for dog, cat, ram, bull and stallion samples. In conclusion, TB stain was considered a fast and effective technique for the study of spermatozoa DNA in several species.  相似文献   

Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures          下载免费PDF全文

M. M. Rachoski  A. Vidal  O. A. Ruiz  A. B. Menéndez  A. A. Rodríguez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(2):117-127

The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUE_i. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.  相似文献   

基于PLC的碟式太阳自动跟踪控制系统研究     

王林军  门静  许立晓  张东  邵磊  刘伟 《中国农机化学报》2015,(3):274-278

由于太阳辐射方向的时刻改变和太阳辐射能的不稳定性,导致碟式太阳能发电系统利用率始终较低。为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种基于PLC控制的全天候自动跟踪方式,利用光照强度与光照强度阈值的差值作为跟踪方式切换的判据,不仅消除了程序跟踪造成的累积误差,而且避免了光电传感器在阴天或多云时无法工作的问题。为保证系统在任何天气情况下均可稳定运行,信息反馈元件增加了风速传感器、温度传感器及倾角传感器。另外,在设计系统硬软件时,采取了一系列措施来进一步降低系统运行成本。  相似文献   

磁化或电离化微咸水理化特性试验   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

王全九  张继红  门旗  谭帅  周莉薇  刘湘岩 《农业工程学报》2016,32(10):60-66

改善微咸水理化特性,提高微咸水利用效率,成为合理利用微咸水重要研究内容。为了对微咸水活化效果及活化微咸水理化特性进行定量评价,该文采用磁化和电离化法对微咸水进行不同的活化处理,通过室内测试,对电离化微咸水活化系统的技术参数进行了分析,并对活化微咸水的表面张力系数、溶氧量、电导率及p H值等理化特性进行了研究。结果表明,电离化系统要求接地电阻不超过5Ω;活化微咸水表面张力系数显著减小、溶氧量显著增加、电导率和p H值受到不同程度的影响;但对表面张力系数和溶解氧影响比较明显,对电导率和p H值影响不显著。在矿化度5 g/L时,活化微咸水表面张力相对减少9.14%~13.84%,溶氧量相对增加8.04%~10.23%,表面张力相对减少量与溶氧量相对增加量可以从客观上反应活化微咸水理化特性的变化,而表面张力相对减少量与溶氧量相对增加量之间又存在显著的指数函数关系。根据表面张力相对减少量,电离化微咸水活化处理效果优于磁化处理,磁场强度3 000 Gs与变频磁化处理活化效果显著。因此,可以用表面张力相对减少量作为定量评价指标对活化微咸水的理化特性进行综合性定量评价,以判断不同活化方式的活化效果。  相似文献   

基于B/S模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统的实现     

门江伟  昝林森  景旭  杨大鹏 《中国农学通报》2009,25(16):1-7

针对现有奶牛日粮诊断过程中只考虑日粮营养组分方面的因素造成的局限性,本文首次提出了将奶牛日粮营养组分与营养代谢性病两个因素综合考虑,并以此结果对日粮配方优化设计。基于web2.0技术,采用JSP+Tomcat+MySQL架构,建立了B/S（浏览器/服务器）模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统。该系统先进实用,能有效地解决奶牛日粮配方针对性不强、难以规避奶牛营养性疾病等问题。  相似文献   

1：25万土壤及地形数据库及指标体系研究     

包亮宇振荣  门明新VanEnglen 《农业工程学报》2004,20(4):259-263

根据土壤及地形(SOTER)数据库基本原理和方法建立1：25万SOTER数据库,重点研究和修正大中比例尺SOTER主地形体划分指标体系,提出海拔高度分组指标、坡度分组指标和地势起伏强度分组指标,并利用上述3个指标组合计算出样区SOTER主地形体组分(中坡度丘陵、低坡度山体台地、山谷、中坡度山体、山前倾斜平原和冲洪积平原),以进一步发展和完善SOTER数据库理论方法体系。同时,SOTER数据库的建立使原有的历次土壤普查、国土资源详查的资料信息化,使之服务于土地资源的评价、管理与保护。  相似文献   

三江平原井灌水稻水分生产函数模型及敏感指数变化规律研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

付强  王立坤  门宝辉  梁川 《节水灌溉》2002,(4):1-3,42

通过田间试验，按照井灌水稻生充阶段设置不同处理水平模式，通过不同模型分析选择。建立了适合三江平原地区井灌水稻的水分生产函数模型。并对敏感指数在全生育期内变化规律做进一步研究。为井灌水稻非充分灌溉条件下的灌溉制度优化提供基础依据。  相似文献   

抗IBD高免卵黄抗体的研制     

张岐蜀  胡子信  门常平  崔德凤 《北京农学院学报》1994,(2)

应用ＩＢＤ二价弱毒细胞苗和二价油乳剂灭活苗对鸡进行加强免疫，待高免鸡血清ＩＢＤＡＧＰ抗体效价达１：２５６以上时，收集高免蛋，用于制备抗ＩＢＤ高免卵黄抗体，制出的高免卵黄抗体ＩＢＤＡＧＰ效价为１：６４～１：１２８，用这种高免卵黄抗体对万余只ＩＢＤ病鸡进行治疗，剂量为每只鸡肌注１ｍｌ，总有效率在９０％以上。由此可见，ＩＢＤ高免卵黄抗体具有特异性好、治愈率高、取材方便、制造简便和使用方便等优点，适用于基层推广使用。  相似文献