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排序方式: 共有299条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Akiyama J Ohta M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):165-170
The acoustic mode is the most reasonable means for social animals such as dolphins to maintain contact in the underwater habitat, and has been developed since they moved to the sea. This study investigates variations in dolphin vocalizations under the following conditions in a captive environment: 1) before feeding (Pre-feeding), 2) during feeding (Feeding), 3) during free time without the presence of people (Free), 4) during interaction with people located upon a float (Float), 5) during interaction with people in the water (Water). During the experiments, a total of 2642 whistles were extracted from sonogram data using a spectrogram. About 44% of the total whistles were observed during Pre-feeding (1171/2642), and the number recorded during Free, when people were absent, was the smallest. The acoustic contours of dolphin whistles differed in different situations: convex, wave, and trill whistles were made repeatedly during Pre-feeding, thereby being more common at this time than at other times. The situation of Feeding saw an increased number of Upsweeps, which might be related to the use of echolocation. The lower frequencies were recorded during Pre-feeding, reflecting the emotion related to the dolphin's hunger. The results of this study indicate that dolphins increase their vocalization during interaction with people, suggesting that interactions with dolphins provide an effective treatment for human health problems, which is discussed with a reference article in this study. Vocal data obtained during contact with humans might serve as an important index for the dolphin-assisted therapy. 相似文献
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Jaroenporn S Nagaoka K Ohta R Watanabe G Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):887-893
Prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to directly stimulate corticosterone release. However, the role of PRL on adrenocortical function in male HAA rats has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRL on the secretion of corticosterone and progesterone using an in vitro cell culture system in male rats. Administration of PRL (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) resulted in dose-dependent increases in corticosterone and progesterone release. Cotreatment with PRL produced an increase in the stimulatory effects of ACTH-induced corticosterone and progesterone secretion. However, the PRL-induced corticosterone and progesterone releases were significantly reduced by treatment with AG490, a specific Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) inhibitor. In addition, administration of AG490 blunted the significant inhibition of ACTH-induced corticosterone and progesterone secretion by PRL. These results demonstrated that PRL could act directly on the adrenal gland to drive corticosterone and progesterone secretion in male rats. Additionally, the results emphasize that PRL stimulation of adrenal steroid release may be mediated through Jak2 activity. 相似文献
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Hikono H Ohta M Sakurai M Momotani E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(3):321-324
The expression of Kit, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF), on bovine peripheral blood cells (PBCs) was examined by using monoclonal antibodies against the bovine Kit protein. Flow cytometric analysis showed that approximately 1.5% of PBCs expressed Kit. In cytospin preparations, the morphology of most Kit+ PBCs was similar to that of large lymphocytes. Subsets of Kit+ PBCs coexpressed CD3, IgM, and/or CD11b but not CD14 or G1. SCF did not induce the proliferation of Kit+ PBCs in vitro. These results indicate that Kit is expressed on subsets of lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood, but the ligand of Kit, SCF, does not directly induce the proliferation of this cell population. 相似文献
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Tsuji N Ohta M Kawazu S Kamio T Isobe T Shimura K Fujisaki K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(12):1331-1333
DNA polymorphism in twelve starains of Eimeria tenella isolated from various places in Japan was examined using 1.l kb small subunits ribosomal RNA amplified by PCR. Genetic variation was evaluated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. DNA fingerprint patterns were grouped into two, indicating that at least two DNA polymorphisms exist in Japanese E. tenella strains. 相似文献
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Kuroishi T Komine K Kai K Itagaki M Kobayashi J Ohta M Kamata S Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):899-906
To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS. 相似文献
8.
Yamane Y Leonard JD Kobatake R Awamura N Toyota Y Ohta H Otsuki K Inoue T 《Avian diseases》2000,44(3):519-526
In the early 1990s, three egg-laying farms (farms S, T, and B) were thought to have the possibility of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) contamination because positive liquid egg samples originated from those farms. The present study was therefore conducted. The first clarification for SE contamination was the study on the origin of SE contamination including its vertical transmission. The results of SE contamination profiling with dust and manure, food materials, dead embryos, and residual yolks on hatch day in regular monitoring over a few years were clearly negative. Therefore, we concluded the SE transmission/infection was attributed to horizontal infection in the egg-laying farms but not vertical transmission from parental stock, hatcheries, growth, or food materials during a 7-yr experimental period. Second, we attempted to clarify if administration of an SE bacterin (Layermune SE) to growth flocks for the egg-laying farms could reduce SE incidence in liquid egg samples from each egg-laying farm. In the first experiment, we compared SE incidence in liquid egg samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated flocks (similar age flocks). SE incidence from vaccinated and nonvaccinated flocks showed negative and <2 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml for farm B, <2 and >1600 MPN/100 ml for farm S, and negative and >1600 MPN/100 ml for farm T, respectively. In the second experiment, we compared the SE isolation incidence in the liquid egg samples from nonvaccinated and newly replaced vaccinated flocks in the same chicken houses from each of the three egg-laying farms. SE incidence in the liquid egg samples was similar to that in the first experiment. Therefore, the SE bacterin may play an important role in reducing the SE incidence of liquid egg samples. 相似文献
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Naoto Yamaoka Takayuki Ohta Naoko Danno Satoshi Taniguchi Isao Matsumoto Masamichi Nishiguchi 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(4-6):184-191
When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell. 相似文献
10.
1. Changes in plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration and immune responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection were studied in broiler chickens. 2. Higher plasma AGP concentrations were observed from 12 to 48 h after a single injection of LPS. 3. The highest concentration of plasma AGP was observed on day 2 followed by a gradual decrease in chicks injected with 150 mug/kg body weight of LPS every day for 13 d. 4. Plasma AGP concentration in chicks injected daily with LPS at 900 mug/kg body weight for 13 d increased on day 2, and decreased on day 4 to the concentration found before the injection. The concentration increased again on day 10. 5. Changes in plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) like activity were similar to those in plasma AGP concentration when LPS was injected daily at 900 mug/kg body weight for 3 d. 6. Responses of blood mononuclear cell (MNC) proliferation to mitogen or concanavalin A, (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were positively correlated with changes in plasma AGP concentration. 7. The results suggest that plasma AGP concentration could be used as a positive indicator of changes in blood MNC proliferation to a mitogen and in plasma IL-1 like activity. 相似文献