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Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Beiping Tan Wei Xu Qingyuan Duan Hongming Ma Lu Zhang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):255-263
A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids. 相似文献
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为研究饲料中添加蛋氨酸寡肽(OMet)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、饲料利用和蛋白质代谢反应的影响,并与在饲料中添加等量的晶体蛋氨酸(CMet)的效果相比,实验以初始体重为(26.0±1.6)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,设计1个低鱼粉(31.8％)对照饲料(LF).在LF的基础上分别添加0.35％、0.65％和0.95％的晶体蛋氨酸或蛋氨酸寡肽,配制其他6组饲料,并分别命名为CMet 0.35、CMet 0.65、CMet 0.95、OMet 0.35、OMet 0.65和OMet 0.95,养殖周期为8周.结果显示,与LF组相比,OMet组和CMet组大黄鱼的增重率均显著升高,并随着蛋氨酸水平的增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),其中,OMet 0.95组的增重率最高.与CMet组相比,OMet组大黄鱼的增重率和蛋白质效率均显著提高(P＜0.05).不同饲料处理对大黄鱼存活率、饲料系数、体组成(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分)、脏体比和肥满度没有显著影响(P＞0.05).OMet组大黄鱼的肝体比较CMet组显著降低(P＜0.05).饲料中添加晶体或蛋氨酸寡肽显著影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力,OMet组大黄鱼肝脏中这两种酶的活力均显著高于CMet组的(P＜0.05),蛋氨酸添加水平对大黄鱼肝脏谷草转氨酶活力也有显著影响(P＜0.05).但各饲料处理组之间血清中的血氨浓度和尿素氮含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05).综上所述,等量添加蛋氨酸寡肽比晶体蛋氨酸更能促进大黄鱼幼鱼的生长及其对饲料的利用. 相似文献
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脂肪酸对鱼类免疫系统的影响及调控机制研究进展 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
替代脂肪源的开发和利用是解决鱼油短缺问题的必然选择。然而,随着替代水平的提高,鱼体常常表现免疫水平和抗病能力降低。鱼油替代的本质为脂肪酸替代,深入研究脂肪酸与鱼类免疫的关系显得尤为重要。本实验综述了脂肪酸对鱼类免疫性能的影响及调控机制。饱和脂肪酸会降低鱼类免疫力,而适量添加n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)或提高n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比例有利于鱼体免疫力发挥;饲料中脂肪酸主要通过细胞膜结构、信号传导、类花生四烯酸、细胞因子和类固醇激素等途径对鱼类免疫进行调控。脂肪酸与鱼类的免疫性能具有高度相关性,而调控机制的研究尚有较大空间。未来研究应该侧重于以下几个方面:脂肪酸对免疫相关转录因子的调控机制;鱼类肠道脂肪酸组成改变与菌群结构和免疫性能之间的相关性;环境因子对鱼体脂肪代谢和免疫力的影响;非脂肪酸成分(矿物质、维生素)对鱼类脂肪酸代谢和免疫过程的调控机制。 相似文献
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为从土壤中筛选能够同时降解单宁和植酸的微生物,本实验利用富集培养技术,分离、筛选、鉴定土壤中的单宁和植酸降解菌,并研究其在液态发酵下的产酶能力。结果显示,从土壤中共获得109株纯菌落,包括39株细菌、46株酵母菌以及24株霉菌。分别用单宁筛选性培养基和植酸筛选性培养基筛选上述菌株,获得27株植酸降解菌和14株单宁降解菌,其中霉菌M-6、M-3和M-1可以同时分解单宁和植酸,且霉菌M-6的水解圈直径大于M-3和M-1。在液态发酵条件下,随着发酵温度的升高(20~35°C),霉菌M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的活力呈现先升高而后降低的趋势,在发酵温度为30°C时达到最高值(P0.05)。随着发酵p H的升高(p H 4~7),霉菌M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的活力呈先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05);其中单宁酶活力在发酵p H值为5时达到最高值,显著高于其他处理组(P0.05);而植酸酶活力在发酵p H值为5时达到最高值,显著高于发酵p H 4和7处理组(P0.05),但与发酵p H 6处理组差异不显著(P0.05)。通过菌落和菌株形态学以及分子测序方法,鉴定M-6为黑曲霉。因此,本研究从土壤中分离筛选出3株(M-6、M-3和M-1)能够同时水解单宁和植酸的降解菌,在液态发酵条件下,黑曲霉M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的最佳发酵温度为30°C,最佳发酵p H值为5。 相似文献
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Feng Liu Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Beiping Tan Hongming Ma Wei Xu Wenbing Zhang Zhiguo LiuFu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(4):500-509
A 30‐d feeding experiment was conducted in tanks to investigate the effects of four different binders (2% in microdiet) on the survival, growth performance, and specific activity of digestive enzymes in tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, postlarvae (24 d after hatching, with initial average wet weight of 22.4 ± 6.65 mg [mean ± SD]). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microbound diets were formulated with carrageenan (Car), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMS), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (Gel) as binders, and a diet with no special binder as a control. A commercial diet (RQ Com., manufactured by Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan) was used as another tested diet, and Artemia nauplii was used as live prey control. The results showed that the survival of the fish fed SA diet (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of fish fed CMS (21.8%), Car (10.8%), and control (21.8%) diets (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that of the fish fed the live prey (54.5%) diet (P < 0.05). The results of growth followed the similar pattern as that of survival, although there were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed SA, CMS, Gel, the control, and RQ diets (7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 6.9, and 7.3% per day; P > 0.05). However, fish fed Car diet had a significantly lower SGR (5.9% per day) than fish fed other diets. Percentages of secreted amylase in fish fed artificial diets were not significantly different, but fish fed artificial diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) secreted amylase than live prey group. Percentage of secreted trypsin in fish fed SA diet (54.9%) was relatively higher compared with other binders, and not significantly different from RQ Com. and live prey treatments. However, trypsin in fish fed Car diets (29.3%) was significantly lower than in other groups. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestine and AP and leucine aminopeptidase N in brush border membranes in fish fed SA diet (264.6, 1882.8, and 187.2 mU/mg protein) were relatively higher compared with other binders. These results indicate that SA is one of suitable binders compared with carrageenan, CMS, and gelatin in microdiet of postlarval tongue sole. 相似文献
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Jiqiu Li Beiping Tan Kangsen Mai Qinhui Ai Wenbing Zhang Zhiguo Liufu Wei Xu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(4):477-489
A 63-d feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 on immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei . The probiotic bacteria were administered orally at four different doses of 0, 106 , 108 , and 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g feed for shrimp. On Day 50, the shrimp were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bath. On Days 7, 21, 49, and 63, six shrimp per tank were sampled to take intestine and hemolymph. With increasing dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, shrimp mortality decreased from 63.16% (the control) to 55.9% (106 CFU/g feed), 51.75% (108 CFU/g feed), and 51.78% (1010 CFU/g feed), respectively. Vibrio counts in intestine of shrimp fed probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 was generally lower than that in the control shrimp ( P < 0.05). The probiotic bacteria generally increased the immune parameters in shrimp, that is, total hemocyte counts, percentage phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and serum phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 can be used as probiotic in shrimp feed. 相似文献
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微粒饲料替代生物饵料对大黄鱼稚鱼生长、存活和消化酶活力的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以初始体重为(1.93±0.11) mg的大黄鱼稚鱼(12日龄)为实验对象,以微粒饲料(micro-diet,MD)分别替代0%、25%、50%、75%和100%生物饵料(live prey,LP),探讨微粒饲料替代生物饵料对大黄鱼稚鱼生长、存活、体成分和消化酶活力的影响.30 d的摄食生长实验表明:微粒饲料替代生物饵料显著影响大黄鱼稚鱼的生长、存活、体成分和消化酶活力.当微粒饲料替代50%和75%生物饵料时,两组间的特定生长率(SGR)差异不显著(P＞0.05),但均显著高于100%替代水平(P＜0.05);同时,75%替代水平SGR显著高于0%和25%替代水平(P＜0.05).存活率在各处理组间的差异关系与SGR的变化趋势类似.鱼体粗蛋白含量随替代水平的升高有下降的趋势,其中50%、75%和100%替代水平鱼体粗蛋白含量显著低于0%和25%替代水平(P＜0.05),而鱼体粗脂肪含量变化趋势与之相反.当微粒饲料替代100%生物饵料时,其胰段和肠段淀粉酶活力显著高于其余各处理组(P＜0.05),而其余各处理组之间淀粉酶活力差异均不显著;微粒饲料替代生物饵料对各处理组蛋白酶活力无显著影响.由此可以看出,大黄鱼苗种生产中,在12日龄以后使用优质微粒饲料替代50%～75%的生物饵料是可行的. 相似文献
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为探究饲料中棕榈酸/(二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸)(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼(Larmichthys crocea) [初始体重为(30.51±0.16) g]抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响,本研究以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,EPA富含油、DHA富含油、棕榈酸和卵磷脂为主要脂肪源,分别配制棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)比例分别为1∶5、1∶1和5∶1的3种等氮(约43%粗蛋白)、等脂(约11%粗脂肪)饲料,并分别命名为P0、P50和P100组,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验,从肌肉基本指标与分子基因层面探究饲料对大黄鱼抗氧化能力与肌肉品质的影响。结果显示,P0和P50组大黄鱼肌肉具有显著高的硬度、粘附性、内聚性和咀嚼性(P<0.05)。P0组大黄鱼肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于P50和P100组(P<0.05);P100组肌肉饱和脂肪酸显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05)。P100组大黄鱼肌肉超氧化物歧化酶2基因(SOD2)和过氧化氢酶基因(CAT)表达水平显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05);P0组肌肉核因子E2相关因子基因(Nrf2)表达水平则显著高于P50组(P<0.05),P100和P0组、P100和P50组间相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于超氧化物歧化酶1基因(SOD1),P0、P50和P100组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。P50组大黄鱼肌肉的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于P0和P100组(P<0.05),P0、P50和P100组大黄鱼肌肉的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中棕榈酸含量较高时,大黄鱼肌肉质构特性降低,抗氧化能力没有受到显著影响;在饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)值发生改变时,大黄鱼肌肉品质的变化与鱼体内氧化应激和抗氧化能力之间的关联仍需进一步探究。 相似文献
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a putative Elovl4 gene and its expression in response to dietary fatty acid profiles in orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides 
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