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1.
Xavier Domingo-Roura Josep Marmi Aïnhoa Ferrando Francesc López-Giráldez Hugh A.H. Jansman 《Biological conservation》2006,128(3):425-430
The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention and protected by national laws in many European countries. Badger hair is used to manufacture luxury shaving brushes, although it is frequently argued that the hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), which in Europe is an introduced and unprotected species, is the origin of the hair used. We applied an extraction protocol to recover DNA from the unrooted hair of shaving brushes obtained from commercial companies in The Netherlands and Spain. The tested brushes originated from The Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom where the Eurasian badger is a protected species. We sequenced 191 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region and 170 bp of the cytochrome b gene and compared the sequences obtained with Eurasian badger and hog badger reference sequences of the same mitochondrial DNA regions obtained in our laboratory and from GenBank. Sequences obtained from four shaving brushes were clearly hog badger sequences, whereas four sequences clustered with Eurasian badger sequences of both European and Asian origins. One of the shaving brushes made of Eurasian badger was produced in France, where it is legal to capture or trade the species under certain conditions. The remaining three brushes originated from The Netherlands, where it is illegal to possess, sell, transport or use for commercial purposes dead Eurasian badgers or products derived from them. 相似文献
2.
Paredes SP Jansman AJ Verstegen MW Awati A Buist W Den Hartog LA Van Hees HM Quiniou N Hendriks WH Gerrits WJ 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(9):3243-3251
In pig (Sus Scrofa) production, within-batch variation in bw gain of piglets during the nursery period (up to 10 wk of age) can be high and is of high economic importance. Homogeneity of BW within batches of animals is important as it influences the efficiency of use of the grower and finisher facilities, and provides an extra value for the fattening farms. In the current study, factors for a light BW at the end of the nursery period of pigs were determined by analyzing datasets from 3 different swine research centers in the Netherlands and France. The entire dataset contained information on 77,868 individual piglets born between 2005 and 2010. Body weight was determined at different time points over the pre- and post-weaning phase, and sex, season of birth, litter information (litter size at day of birth and after cross-fostering, number of piglets born alive per litter, number of total born littermates, sow parity number), cross-fostered animals (yes or no), and pen group size over the post-weaning period were recorded. A risk factor analysis approach was used to analyze the datasets to determine factors that predict piglet bw at the end of the nursery period. Body weight at the end of the nursery period corrected for age was mainly determined by season (P < 0.001), birth weight (BiW, P < 0.001), weaning weight (WW, P < 0.001), and BW at 6 wk of age (P < 0.001). These variables were consistent among datasets and explained approximately 70% of the overall variation in BW at the end of the nursery period. Litter information did not significantly (P > 0.05) contribute to explaining the BW at the end of the nursery period. To discard the possibility of intrauterine growth retarded piglets (IUGR) being the reason for the influence of BiW as an explanatory factor in the regression model, a further analysis was performed on the effect of this category of piglets on the results of the regression analysis. Overall, it was concluded that the bw of piglets at the end of the nursery phase is mainly determined by season, sex, birth, WW, and BW at 6 wk of age. Piglets with a BiW greater than the mean biw minus 2.5 times the sd have the potential to compensate during the subsequent phases of growth. 相似文献
3.
Paolo Trevisi Davide Priori Vincenzo Motta Diana Luise Alfons J.M.Jansman Sietse-Jan Koopmans Paolo Bosi 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2018,(1)
Background: The stomach is an underestimated key interface between the ingesta and the digestive system, affecting the digestion and playing an important role in several endocrine functions. The quality of starter microbiota and the early life feeding of medium chain triglycerides may affect porcine gastric maturation. Two trials(T1, T2) were carried out on 12 and 24 cesarean-delivered piglets(birth, d0), divided over two microbiota treatments, but slaughtered and sampled at two or three weeks of age, respectively. All piglets were fed orally: sow serum(T1) or pasteurized sow colostrum(T2) on d0; simple starter microbiota(Lactobacillus amylovorus, Clostridium glycolicum and Parabacteroides spp.)(d1-d3); complex microbiota inoculum(sow diluted feces, CA) or a placebo(simple association, SA)(d3-d4) and milk replacer ad libitum(d0-d4). The The T1 piglets and half of the T2 piglets were then fed a moist diet(CTRL); the remaining half of the T2 piglets were fed the CTRL diet fortified with medium chain triglycerides and 7% coconut oil(MCT). Total m RNA from the oxyntic mucosa was analyzed using Affymetrix?Porcine Gene array strips. Exploratory functional analysis of the resulting values was carried out using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.Results: Complex microbiota upregulated 11 gene sets in piglets of each age group vs. SA. Of these sets, 6 were upregulated at both ages, including the set of gene markers of oxyntic mucosa. In comparison with the piglets receiving SA, the CA enriched the genes in the sets related to interferon response when the CTRL diet was given while the same sets were impoverished by CA with the MCT diet.Conclusions: Early colonization with a complex starter microbiota promoted the functional maturation of the oxyntic mucosa in an age-dependent manner. The dietary fatty acid source may have affected the recruitment and the maturation of the immune cells, particularly when the piglets were early associated with a simplified starter microbiota. 相似文献
4.
试验旨在评定日粮组成对断奶仔猪(体重为9~24kg)色氨酸需要量的影响。参照CVB(1996)和NRC(1998)中10~20kg体重的仔猪对色氨酸的需要量,拟定了两个无色氨酸的基础日粮:一个以玉米和豆粕为基础日粮;另一个以小麦、大麦、豆粕、豌豆和乳清粉为基础日粮,其中赖氨酸回肠表观消化率(AID)为10.0g·kg-1;色氨酸回肠表观消化率为1.4g·kg-1;色氨酸标准回肠消化率(SID)为1.5g·kg-1。在两个基础日粮中每1kg分别添加0.3,0.6,0.9gL-色氨酸,使日粮中色氨酸的AID分别达到1.7,2.0和2.3g·kg-(1SID为1.8,2.1和2.4g·kg-1)。8个处理中每个处理设定8个重复(每个圈中8头公猪或母猪)。测定平均日采食量、日增重和G:F作为反应的指标。试验28d后,在小麦-大麦日粮组和玉米-豆粕日粮组的比较中以及色氨酸水平增加的不同组的比较中,平均日增重和G:F均显著增加(P<0.05),平均日增重仅随着色氨酸水平的增加而提高(P<0.05)。增加色氨酸水平会显著增加玉米-豆粕日粮组日采食量中的回肠表观可消化赖氨酸(Lys)2.3g·kg-(1回肠标准可消化Lys2... 相似文献
5.
Becker PM van der Meulen J Jansman AJ van Wikselaar PG 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):1121-1126
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing K88 (F4) adhesins are associated with post‐weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Different grain fractions from pea (Pisum sativum) and faba bean (Vicia faba) were tested in vitro for their capacity to counteract aetiological factors, which contribute to the development of diarrhoea. In detail, adhesion of E. coli O149:K91:K88ac (ETEC K88ac) to grain legume products, intended to impair the colonization of the host, was studied as well as interference with receptor binding of the pathogen’s heat‐labile enterotoxin LT, intended to reduce toxin‐inflicted gut cell damage. When comparing different pea and faba bean products tested for their binding capacity of ETEC K88ac, especially pea hulls, but also whole pea meal, starch‐enriched and protein‐enriched pea meal, and digestion‐resistant pea hull and meal fractions showed a higher binding of ETEC K88ac than faba bean products. In contrast to the ETEC K88ac adhesion results, bean hulls proved more effective than pea hulls in preventing GM1 receptor binding of LT. Previous small intestinal segment perfusion experiments we performed with ETEC K88ac‐challenged piglets indicated that both pea and bean hulls have the potential for successful application in diarrhoea prophylaxis and treatment, which is in agreement with and refined by our detection of their different modes of functioning. 相似文献
6.
The effect diet composition on digesta passage over three sections of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) was studied in growing pigs. A control diet (C diet) and three diets differing in the contents of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and water holding capacity (WHC) were fed.
Results showed a mean transit time (MTT) over the whole GIT over all diets of 75 h. NSP significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MTT over the total GIT and through the large intestine. In contrast, NSP tended to increase the MTT of the stomach contents (P < 0.10). The effects of WHC were limited to tendencies for a decrease of the MTT in the large intestine (P < 0.10) and an increase of the MTT in the small intestine (P < 0.10). 相似文献
7.
Carola M C Van der Peet-Schwering Lisanne M G Verschuren Rob Bergsma Mette S Hedemann Gisabeth P Binnendijk Alfons J M Jansman 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)
The effects of birth weight (BiW; low BiW [LBW] vs. high BiW [HBW]) and estimated breeding value (EBV) for protein deposition (low EBV [LBV] vs. high EBV [HBV]) on N retention, N efficiency, and concentrations of metabolites in plasma and urine related to N efficiency in growing pigs were studied. At an age of 14 wk, 10 LBW–LBV (BiW: 1.07 ± 0.09 [SD] kg; EBV: −2.52 ± 3.97 g/d, compared with an average crossbred pig with a protein deposition of 165 g/d), 10 LBW–HBV (BiW: 1.02 ± 0.13 kg; EBV: 10.47 ± 4.26 g/d), 10 HBW–LBV (BiW: 1.80 ± 0.13 kg; EBV: −2.15 ± 2.28 g/d), and 10 HBW–HBV (BiW: 1.80 ± 0.15 kg; EBV: 11.18 ± 3.68 g/d) male growing pigs were allotted to the experiment. The pigs were individually housed in metabolism cages and were subjected to an N balance study in two sequential periods of 5 d, after an 11-d dietary adaptation period. Pigs were assigned to a protein adequate (A) or protein restricted (R, 70% of A) regime in a change-over design. Pigs were fed 2.8 times the energy requirements for maintenance. Nontargeted metabolomics analyses were performed in urine and blood plasma samples. The N retention (in g/d) was higher in the HBW than in the LBW pigs (P < 0.001). The N retention (in g/[kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75) · d]) and N efficiency, however, were not affected by the BiW of the pigs. The N retention (P = 0.04) and N efficiency (P = 0.04) were higher in HBV than in LVB pigs on the A regime but were not affected by EBV in pigs on the R regime. Restricting the dietary protein supply with 30% decreased the N retention (P < 0.001) but increased the N efficiency (P = 0.003). Nontargeted metabolomics showed that a hexose, free amino acids (AA), and lysophosphatidylcholines were the most important metabolites in plasma for the discrimination between HBV and LBV pigs, whereas metabolites of microbial origin contributed to the discrimination between HBV and LBV pigs in urine. This study shows that BiW does not affect N efficiency in the later life of pigs. Nitrogen efficiency and N retention were higher in HBV than in LBV pigs on the A regime but similar in HBV and LBV pigs on the R regime. In precision feeding concepts aiming to further optimize protein and AA efficiency in pigs, the variation in EBV for protein deposition of pigs should be considered as a factor determining N retention, growth performance, and N efficiency. 相似文献
8.
Lisanne M. G. Verschuren Dirkjan Schokker Rob Bergsma Alfons J. M. Jansman Francesc Molist Mario P. L. Calus 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(1):23-35
Microbiota play an important role in total tract nutrient digestion, especially when fibrous diets are fed to pigs. This study aimed to use metagenomics to predict faecal nutrient digestibility in grower-finisher pigs. The study design consisted of 160 three-way crossbreed grower-finisher pigs (80 female and 80 male) which were either fed a diet based on corn/soybean meal or a more fibrous diet based on wheat/barley/by-products. On the day before slaughter, faecal samples were collected and used to determine faecal digestibility of dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and non-starch polysaccharides. The faecal samples were also sequenced for the 16S hypervariable region of bacteria (V3/V4) to profile the faecal microbiome. With these data, we calculated the between-animal variation in faecal nutrient digestibility associated with variation in the faecal microbiome, that is the “microbiability”. The microbiability values were significantly greater than zero for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and non-starch polysaccharides, ranging from 0.58 to 0.93, as well as for crude fat with a value of 0.37, but not significantly different from zero for ash. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, we estimated the accuracy of predicting digestibility values of individual pigs based on their faecal microbiota composition. The accuracies of prediction for crude fat and ash digestibility were virtually 0, and for the other nutrients, the accuracies ranged from 0.42 to 0.63. In conclusion, the faecal microbiota composition gave high microbiability values for faecal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and non-starch polysaccharides. The accuracies of prediction are relatively low if the interest is in precisely predicting faecal nutrient digestibility of individual pigs, but are promising from the perspective of ranking animals in a genetic selection context. 相似文献
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10.
Effects of feeding linseed and linseed expeller meal to newly weaned piglets on growth performance and gut health and function 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects were evaluated of the inclusion of full fat linseed (125 g/kg) (LS) or linseed expeller meal (85 g/kg) (LSM) in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance and parameters of gut health and function. The diets were fed to groups of 12 post weaning single housed piglets. Three of the five treatments (Control (C)+, LS+, LSM+) were challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli on day 6. Two treatments were not challenged (C− and LS−). The main response criteria were daily feed intake, body weight gain, faecal shedding of the E. coli, faecal consistency score, faecal nutrient digestibility and gut wall morphology and histology of the jejunal mucosa on day 18/19 of the study. Over the total experimental period (day 0–18) feed intake and body weight gain were highest in treatment C− and lowest in treatment LSM+ (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio did not differ between treatments over the total experimental period. Over day 10–12 of the study, the faecal digestibility of dry matter, ash and energy was higher for treatments C− and C+ compared to treatments LS−, LS+ and LSM+ (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the faecal shedding of E. coli between treatments C+, LS+ and LSM+. Intestinal mucosal histology and morphology were only slightly affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that the use of full fat linseed or linseed expeller meal did not show to be functional ingredients in diets for post-weaning piglet in terms of supporting gut health. 相似文献