Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)     

Mahmoud A.O. Dawood  Mahmoud S. Gewaily  Ali A. Soliman  Mustafa Shukry  Asem A. Amer  Elsayed M. Younis  Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith  Hien Van Doan  Adel H. Saad  Mohamed Aboubakr  Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif  Sabreen E. Fadl 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.  相似文献   

Acidulated activation of phosphate rock enhances release,lateral transport and uptake of phosphorus and trace metals upon direct-soil application     

Munir Ahmad  Adel Ghoneim  Saud S. Al-Oud  Khaled D. Alotaibi  Mahmoud Nadeem 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2019,65(2):183-195

Phosphate rock (PR) was activated via acidulation with HCl, EDTA, and oxalic acid to enhance its reactivity. The release, lateral transport, and uptake of phosphorus (P) along with trace metals from pristine and activated PRs were investigated in a soil micro-block system over a period of 27 days, using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of available soil P, Fe, Mn, and Zn were released from all the PRs after application to soil within first 9 days of seedling transplantation, while the release of other trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) was minimal (<1.2 mg kg^?1). On cumulative basis, APR-O (oxalic acid activated PR) was the most efficient amendment releasing 164% more available P, followed by APR-E (EDTA activated PR) releasing 130% more available P, compared to the pristine PR. Similar results were also observed in the release of available Fe, Mn, Zn, and other trace metals. The highest diffusive mass fluxes for available P, Mn, Fe, and Zn in soil were observed after 3 days of seedling transplantation, which reduced subsequently. The uptake of P, Fe, Mn, and Zn by wheat plants was increased by 394%, 715%, 92%, and 91%, respectively, in APR-O application compared to the pristine PR, while it was increased by 280%, 188%, 16%, and 27%, respectively, in APR-E application compared to the pristine PR. Subsequently, APR-O and APR-E amendments resulted in enhanced shoot lengths, root lengths, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter contents of wheat plants. Hence, it was concluded that activation of PR with oxalic acid and EDTA prior to direct soil application may enhance the reactivity of PR and could serve as a cost-effect fertilization strategy for higher wheat crop production.  相似文献   

Application of touchdown enzyme time release (TETR)-PCR for diagnosis of Chlamydophila abortus infection     

Amin AS 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(3):213-217

Chlamydophila abortus-DNA was detected using a touchdown enzyme time-release (TETR)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as an improved test for sensitive and rapid diagnosis of abortion in small ruminants. Two hundred and fifty two placentae, liver or spleen tissue samples from aborting ewes and goats or aborted lambs and kids in which C. abortus infection was suspected were examined by TETR-PCR and the results were compared with cell culture. Sixty-five tissue samples were found to be TETR-PCR positive while only 56 samples were cell culture-positive. After resolution of discrepant samples with a confirmatory nested PCR assay, TETR-PCR had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 99.5% while culture had a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 100%. The analytical sensitivity of the TETR-PCR assay was determined with DNA extracted from 4-fold serial dilution of C. abortus B577 culture and found to be 0.25 inclusion-forming unit per PCR. No reduction in the analytical sensitivity was noted when the assay was tested with mouse liver samples spiked with 4-fold serial dilution of C. abortus B577 culture. No target product was amplified when DNA from Chlamydophila pecorum was tested. TETR-PCR used in this study is a practical, rapid, sensitive and specific assay that could be used for the detection of C. abortus in infected tissue samples. We recommend the use of this assay as a supplemental diagnostic tool for detection of C. abortus in infected tissue samples.  相似文献   

Rooting of baldcypress cuttings   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

S. R. Pezeshki  R. D. DeLaune 《New Forests》1994,8(4):381-386

A test of the rooting performance and growth of cuttings from 1-year-old and 25-to 50-year old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) branch tips is reported. Rooting of cuttings from one-year-old trees averaged 75% (0.1% IBA treatment) and 88% (control), cuttings from 25 to 50-year-old trees averaged 12% in both the IBA treatment and the control treatment. Indole-3-butyric acid at a 0.1% concentration did not enhance rooting, but resulted in a significant increase in shoot dry weight on cuttings from one-year-old trees. The results of this experiment suggest that cuttings from mature baldcypres trees have the potential to root, thereby, additional rooting techniques such as girdling and stump sprouts is worthy of pursuing.  相似文献   

Leaf gas exchange and growth of flood-tolerant and flood-sensitive tree species under low soil redox conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pezeshki SR  Pardue JH  DeLaune RD 《Tree physiology》1996,16(4):453-458

Seedlings of Taxodium distichum L., Quercus lyrata Walt. and Q. falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. were grown for 22 days in a rhizotron system providing two soil redox potential regimes, +170 mV (low Eh) and +560 mV (high Eh). Leaf chlorophyll concentration and gas exchange, root alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, root and leaf ethylene production, and growth and biomass partitioning were measured. In response to the low Eh soil treatment, stomatal conductance was reduced in Q. falcata and Q. lyrata but not in T. distichum, whereas net photosynthesis was reduced significantly in all species; however, net photosynthesis in T. distichum began to recover within 2 weeks of treatment initiation. Within each treatment, mean stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were significantly greater in T. distichum than in the oak species. Leaf chlorophyll concentration was not affected by the soil treatments. All species showed significant reductions in root and leaf dry weights in response to the low Eh soil condition. The low Eh soil treatment resulted in increased root ADH activity and ethylene production in T. distichum, but had no effect on root ADH activity and ethylene production in the oak species.  相似文献   

Macronutrient (N, P, K) and Redoximorphic Metal (Fe, Mn) Allocation in Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass) Grown Under Different Flood Regimes     

Samuel C. Pierce  Matt T. Moore  Dan Larsen  S. R. Pezeshki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,207(1-4):73-84

Vegetated drainages are an effective method for removal of pollutants associated with agricultural runoff. Leersia oryzoides, a plant common to agricultural ditches, may be particularly effective in remediation; however, research characterizing responses of L. oryzoides to flooding are limited. Soil reduction resulting from flooding can change availability of nutrients to plants via changes in chemical species (e.g., increasing solubility of Fe). Additionally, plant metabolic stresses resulting from reduced soils can decrease nutrient uptake and translocation. The objective of this study was to characterize belowground and aboveground nutrient allocation of L. oryzoides subjected to various soil moisture regimes. Treatments included: a well-watered and well-drained control; a continuously saturated treatment; a 48-h pulse-flood treatment; and a partially flooded treatment in which water level was maintained at 15 cm below the soil surface and flooded to the soil surface for 48 h once a week. Soil redox potential (Eh, mV) was measured periodically over the course of the 8-week experiment. At experiment termination, concentrations of Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were measured in plant tissues. All flooded treatments demonstrated moderately reduced soil conditions (Eh < 350 mV). Plant Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations demonstrated no treatment effect, whereas P and K concentrations decreased in aboveground portions of the plant. Belowground concentrations of P, Mn, and Fe were significantly higher in flooded plants, likely due to the increased solubility of these nutrients resulting from the reductive decomposition of metal–phosphate complexes in the soil and subsequent precipitation in the rhizosphere. These results indicate that wetland plants may indirectly affect P, Mn, and Fe concentrations in surface waters by altering local trends in soil oxidation–reduction chemistry.  相似文献   

Addition of Leucaena-KX2 mulch in a shaded coffee agroforestry system increases both stable and labile soil C fractions     

Adel Youkhana  Travis Idol 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(5):961-966

Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) as soil organic carbon (SOC) because of the increased rates of organic matter addition and retention. However, few studies have characterized the relative stability of sequestered SOC in soil. We characterized SOC storage in aggregate size and chemical stability classes to estimate the relative stability of SOC pools after the addition of Leucaena-KX2 pruning residues (mulch) from 2006 to 2008 in a shaded coffee agroforestry system in Hawaii. Soil samples were separated by microaggregate isolation, density flotation and dispersion, and acid hydrolysis, resulting in five distinct fractions that differed in relative stability: coarse particulate organic matter (POM), fine POM, microaggregate-protected POM, silt + clay hydrolyzable soil organic matter (SOM), and silt + clay non-hydrolyzable SOM. With mulch addition, the fine POM fraction increased. There was also a shift in the proportion of SOC to more stable silt + clay fractions. In the absence of mulch there was no significant change in SOC fractions. Given that the turnover time of SOC in silt + clay fractions is on the order of decades to centuries, the potential benefits of active shade management and mulching compensate for the loss of C sequestration in tree biomass from pollarding.  相似文献   

Factors controlling carbon dioxide and methane production in acid sulfate soils     

A. Jugsujinda  R. D. Delaune  C. W. Lindau  E. Sulaeman  S. R. Pezeshki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,87(1-4):345-355

Methane and C02 production in flooded acid sulfate soils of Thailand were governed primarily by soil oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and pH. The critical Eh and pH levels at which CH₄ emission began was Eh-150 mV, and pH 6.1. Low soil pH limited soil reduction and subsequently CH₄ production. Soil respiration (C02 production) was influenced by Eh-pH levels and organic matter content. Soils with higher C02 production rates produced greater amounts of CH₄. Soil pH, however, was the dominant variable which influenced organic matter decomposition, low soil Eh conditions and subsequent CH₄ and CO₂ production. Curvilinear or log transformations of pH, Eh and organic matter content (OM) were used in explaining variables controlling CH₄ and CO₂ production; CH₄ = ?2.359 ? 0.0001 Eh + 2.047 pH ? 3.019 (In pH)² CO₂ = ?5210 ? 1.6 Eh + 3144 (In pH) + 1011 (In OM).  相似文献   

The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera)     

Hong YJ  Tomas-Barberan FA  Kader AA  Mitchell AE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2405-2411

The fruits of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are consumed throughout the world and are an important part of the diet in the Middle East. Dates at the rutab and tamar maturity and ripening stages contain a wide array of phenolic antioxidants, but little is known about the composition of phenolic compounds in dates at the khalal stage of ripening. In the current study, the flavonoid glycoside and procyanidin compositions of dates of the cultivar Deglet Noor harvested at the khalal stage of maturity were characterized using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Procyanidin oligomers through decamers were identified in extracts of these dates. Higher molecular weight polymers, undecamers through heptadecamers, were also apparent from mass spectra. Thirteen flavonoid glycosides of luteolin, quercetin, and apigenin, 19 when considering isomeric forms, were also identified. Mass spectra indicate that both methylated and sulfated forms of luteolin and quercetin are present as mono-, di-, and triglycosylated conjugates whereas apigenin is present as only the diglycoside. LC-ESI/MS/MS spectra indicate that quercetin and luteolin formed primarily O-glycosidic linkages whereas apigenin is present as the C-glycoside.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary GroBiotic®‐A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora,growth performance,haemato‐serological parameters,survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Adel  R. Safari  S. Yeganeh  M. Binaii  M. Ghiasi  S. Ahmadvand 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(3):492-499

The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic^®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg^?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg^?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg^?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg^?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.  相似文献