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Biffa D Inangolet F Bogale A Oloya J Djønne B Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):529-538
This study was aimed at investigating risk factors associated with prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)-like lesions and associated
mycobacteria in Ethiopian cattle slaughtered. The study was carried out during 2006–2007 in five selected municipal and export
abattoirs. Methods of investigation involved detailed necropsy examination of carcasses and isolation of mycobacteria from
pathologic tissue specimens. Factors of animal and environment origin were recorded and examined as explanatory variables
in relation to the presence or absence of TB-like lesions and the presence of viable mycobacteria. Multivariable logistic
regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with prevalence of TB-like lesions and mycobacteria. Out
of 3,322 carcasses inspected, 10.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) [9.2–11.3]) and 3.2% (95% CI [2.6–3.8]) were positive, respectively,
based on necropsy and bacteriologic examinations. The highest and lowest lesion prevalence was recorded in Adama (24.7%) and
Yabello (4.2%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, breed, abattoir location, geographic
origin and management system as being risk factors for prevalence of TB-like lesions and occurrence of viable mycobacteria
in Ethiopian cattle. The study demonstrated mycobacterial infection as important infectious disease of Ethiopian cattle. The
reported confirmed cases of the disease in different management and geographic settings in Ethiopia disproved the earlier
held opinion of its occurrence as a low sporadic profile. In view of a dietary proclivity of Ethiopian communities (milk and
meat are predominantly consumed raw) and lifestyle (close contact of people with animals), the risk of bovine tuberculosis
as a public health threat is eminent. 相似文献
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M. Bogale E.T. Steenkamp M.J. Wingfield B.D. Wingfield 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(3):369-378
Fusarium solani is a fungal pathogen that infects many different genera of plants. It represents one of the two Fusarium spp. commonly isolated from agricultural soils and plant tissues in Ethiopia. To determine the diversity of F. solani in Ethiopia, we studied 43 isolates using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and nucleotide sequences of the Translation
Elongation Factor 1α (TEF-1α) and β-tubulin genes. TEF-1α sequences from GenBank, representing previously described species
and clades of the F. solani-Haematonectria haematococca complex, were also included for comparative purposes. Phylogenetic analyses of the TEF-1α data separated the isolates into
three groups corresponding with the three previously described clades (Clades 1–3) for this fungus. The Ethiopian isolates
aggregated into one group corresponding to Clade 3. TEF-1α, β-tubulin and AFLPs further separated the Ethiopian isolates into
a number of clusters and apparently novel phylogenetic lineages. Although the biological and ecological significance of these
lineages and clusters is unclear, our data show that the Ethiopian agricultural environment is rich in species and lineages
of the F. solani-H. haematococca complex. 相似文献
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Soil degradation in the highlands of Ethiopia is a serious problem that threatens the sustainability of agriculture. Although efforts have been made to develop and promote several soil conservation technologies, their adoption has not been widespread. This study, based on responses from a sample of 101 households which operate on 204 plots in Western Ethiopia, interviewed in 2003 cropping year, employed a Tobit model to identify the main factors influencing farmers' decision to adopt and intensify the use of improved and indigenous soil and water conservation (SWC) measures. The results suggest that area of cultivated land, land/labour ratio, age and education level of household head and distance of the plot from home and slope of the plot provided statistically adequate predictive power on the use and intensity of SWC measures. These results are discussed and their implications for conservation programs are presented in the conclusion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ayalneh Bogale 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(6):518-542
This research employs a contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) to gain use and control rights to a natural forest resource at the Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area (ADFPA) in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. The analysis was based on data collected from 295 households residing in and around the forest resource. Both binary probit and ordered probit models were used to examine socioeconomic factors that determine the respondents' WTP to gain these rights. The estimated mean and median WTP were found to be ETB 24.41 (US$2.54) and ETB 22.14 (US$2.30) annually, respectively. Households with more members, have better exposure to education and training, perceive the need for forest conservation, are member of forest dwellers' association, and who are wealthier in terms of ownership of more cultivated land and livestock are willing to pay more; whereas those households characterized by earning better annual household income, those who got higher starting bid value, and those who live farther away from the prime forest resource are willing to pay less. This can be used to signal that there is a considerable non-market value attached to use and control rights to the natural forest. In particular, membership in official forest user groups has shown a strong and positive relationship with WTP in all the models employed. This implies the approach of participatory management using forest user groups is better both for the sustainability of the forest resource and the livelihoods of the people who depend upon it. 相似文献
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Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Rufael T Catley A Bogale A Sahle M Shiferaw Y 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(1):29-38
Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions
of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement
between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination
of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD
virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence
and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD
varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean
mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older.
Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for
mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8%
in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was
0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle
movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116)
tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%).
The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease,
and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Abebe Y Bogale A Hambidge KM Stoecker BJ Arbide I Teshome A Krebs NF Westcott JE Bailey KB Gibson RS 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(4):379-386
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of zinc inadequacy based on dietary intakes and plasma zinc concentrations and, simultaneously, the prevalence of inadequate intakes of energy, protein, calcium and iron. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of subsistence farming households in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Dietary intakes were calculated from 1-day weighed food records and 40 repeats from 99 pregnant women in the third trimester using analysed values of major staple foods for zinc, iron, calcium and phytate. The distribution of observed intakes was adjusted for usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutpoint method. Prevalence of inadequacy for zinc, protein and iron intakes were compared with those based on biochemical measures. RESULTS: Prevalence of zinc inadequacy was very high: 99% for US FNB EAR and 100% for IZiNCG EAR compared to 72% based on low plasma zinc concentrations. Corresponding prevalence estimates for iron were much lower: 4% for inadequate intakes based on US FNB EAR vs. 8.7% for iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g l-1; ferritin < 12 microg l-1) and 32.3% for low storage iron. Prevalence of inadequacy for protein was 100% for adjusted intakes and 91% for serum albumin < 32 g l-1. For calcium, 74% were at risk for inadequate intakes. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of inadequate intakes of zinc and protein was reasonably consistent with those based on biochemical measures. Such dietary deficits could be overcome by regular consumption of cellular animal protein. In contrast, both dietary and biochemical measures of iron inadequacy were low. 相似文献
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The impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security: The case of Filtino and Godino irrigation schemes in Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abonesh Tesfaye Ayalneh Bogale Regassa E. Namara Dereje Bacha 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(2):145-158
Ethiopia’s irrigation potential is estimated at 3.7 million hectare, of which only about 190,000 ha (4.3% of the potential)
is actually irrigated. There is little information on the extent to which the so far developed irrigation schemes have been
effective in meeting their stated objectives of attaining food self-sufficiency and eradicating poverty. Therefore, the aim
of this paper is to identify the impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security based on data obtained from 200
farmers in Ada Liben district of Ethiopia in 2006. The resulting data was analyzed using Heckman’s Two-step Estimation procedure.
Studies elsewhere revealed that access to reliable irrigation water can enable farmers to adopt new technologies and intensify
cultivation, leading to increased productivity, overall higher production, and greater returns from farming. Our study findings
confirm some of these claims. In the study area about 70% of the irrigation users are food secure while only 20% of the non-users
are found to be food secure. Access to small scale irrigation enabled the sample households to grow crops more than once a
year; to insure increased and stable production, income and consumption; and improve their food security status. The study
concludes that small-scale irrigation significantly contributed to household food security.
相似文献
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