Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group          下载免费PDF全文

CJ Secombe  SR Bailey  MA de Laat  KJ Hughes  AJ Stewart  JM Sonis  RHH Tan 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(7):233-242

The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the current knowledge and opinions about the epidemiology, clinical findings (including sequelae), diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, particularly in the Australian context. This information and the recommendations provided will assist practitioners in making informed decisions regarding the diagnosis and management of this disorder.  相似文献   

Nalidixic acid resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain     

Davies RH  Teale CJ  Wray C  McLaren IM  Jones YE  Chappell S  Kidd S 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(12):320-322

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Identification of mechanisms of natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis in cattle     

Naessens J  Teale AJ  Sileghem M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):187-194

Natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis in certain Bos taurus cattle in West Africa, called trypanotolerance, may hold solutions for control of this economically crippling disease. Comparison of immune responses between trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle have shown some differences in antibody response, complement level and cytokine expression, but it is not known whether these differences are the cause of resistance.Two experiments were carried out to assess the contribution of the immune and haemopoietic systems to trypanotolerance. The production of haemopoietic chimaeras from trypanotolerant and susceptible twin calves and comparison of their responses after infection with singleton calves, allowed an assessment of the role of the haemopoietic system in trypanotolerance. An in vivo depletion of CD4 cells in the two breeds allowed an appraisal of the role of T and B lymphocytes in trypanotolerance. The results of the two experiments suggest that natural resistance comprises at least two mechanisms, an innate mechanism that controls parasite growth, and another, involving the haemopoietic system, that is able to limit anaemia. This supports the hypothesis that innate mechanisms in trypanotolerant cattle are more efficient in controlling disease, making them less reliant on antibody responses.  相似文献   

An unusual paracaecal abscess associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum in a horse     

CJ TREVILLIAN  BH ANDERSON  MG COLLETT 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(10):659-662

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Beech bark disease: an evaluation of the predisposition hypothesis in an aftermath forest     

J. A. Cale  S. K. Letkowski  S. A. Teale  J. D. Castello 《Forest Pathology》2012,42(1):52-56

The beech bark disease (BBD) complex affecting American beech consists of the scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, and one or more pathogenic fungi of the genus Neonectria. Following extensive above‐ground mortality of mature beech, stands can be defined by a characteristic set of conditions that are termed the aftermath zone. A long‐standing hypothesis states that C. fagisuga is a necessary predisposing factor for Neonectria infection. Although some evidence supports this in the killing front, the relationship has not been examined in the aftermath zone and other predisposing factors have been proposed. Using quantitative, tree‐level data, we found no significant relationships between C. fagisuga and Neonectria spp. in aftermath stands of central New York State. We propose that the pathosystem operating in the aftermath zone differs from that in the killing front in that C. fagisuga may not be the sole predisposing factor.  相似文献   

光肩星天牛对干旱胁迫下复叶槭挥发物的嗅觉反应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金幼菊  李继泉  李建光  骆有庆  Stephen A Teale 《林业科学》2004,40(1):99-105

对干旱胁迫下3a生复叶槭的挥发物进行了鉴定。当复叶槭受到干旱胁迫时，9种化合物释放量升高(包括：丁醇、戊醇、反—2—己烯—1—醛、顺—3—己烯—1—醇、戊醛、戊酸、己醛、己酸、苯乙酮)，而长叶烯释放量降低：复叶槭复水后苯乙酮升高，但其他挥发物释放量降低。通过GC—EAD检测了光肩星天牛对其中某些化合物的触角电位反应，并使用诱捕器和人工合成单体进行了田间生测实验。丁醇、戊醇和顺—3—己烯—1—醇能引起光肩星天牛的触角反应，这一结果在田间实验中得到了证实。这表明干旱胁迫在光肩星天牛选择寄主植物方面起着重要作用。  相似文献   

Characterisation of germplasm accessions of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum and P. purpureum×P. glaucum Hybrids) and comparison with farm clones using RAPD     

A.J. Lowe  W. Thorpe  A. Teale  J. Hanson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(2):121-132

Fifty six germplasm accessions of the important East African fodder crop Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, and its hybrids with P. glaucum, were characterised using 67 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. No or very low intra-accession variation was found for 49 of the accessions examined, confirming field observations that this species is predominantly clonally propagated. Comparison of intra and inter-accession variation identified several groups of identical/similar accessions that could be targeted if the collection is to be rationalised, and also highlighted two misplantings of germplasm material during transfer to a field trial site. A neighbour joining dendrogram of Jaccard's similarity estimates, clearly separated 50 accessions of P. purpureum from three P. glaucum individuals, and placed six hybrid accessions in an intermediate position. These groupings were well supported by a nested AMOVA (P<0.001; 29.5% of total variance due to taxonomic delineation). The main group of P. purpureum individuals could be further differentiated into five sub-groups (designated East Africa, Southern Africa, USA1, USA2 and Miscellaneous, to reflect the majority membership of sub-groups) and examination of the within P. purpureum component of the nested AMOVA, found them to be significantly different (P<0.001; 18.8% of variance). Genetic diversity across all accessions was found to be fairly high (Shannon's diversity index 0.306) and thus the collection probably represents a wide genetic base for this species. In addition to germplasm accessions, 25 Kenyan farm clones were also analysed. A principal coordinate analysis found that all but one of the clones clustered with the main P. purpureum group of accessions, indicating that the majority are probably not interspecific hybrids. The origin and pedigree of clones is discussed based on genetic similarity amongst clones and to germplasm accessions.  相似文献   

Calving rates in a tropical beef herd after treatment with a synthetic progestagen, norgestomet, or a prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol     

JE FRISCH  CJ O'NEILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):98-102

Maiden heifers and lactating cows of known ovarian status and of several breeds were treated with a synthetic prostaglandin, cloprostenol, or a synthetic progestagen, norgestomet, at the start of an artificial insemination (AI) program. Animals in the cloprostenol treatment received 2 injections 10 days apart. Over the next 26 days those animals that showed oestrous behaviour were inseminated. Synchronisation rates and calving rates to insemination over the first 7 days were calculated. Those in the norgestomet treatment received an implant of norgestomet plus an injection of norgestomet and oestradiol valerate. The implant was removed 10 days later and the animals were given an injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). They were inseminated at 48 h (maiden heifers) or 56 h (lactating cows) after implant removal. Calving rates to fixed-time insemination were recorded. After completion of the AI program the animals in both treatments were joined with bulls. Overall calving rates (AI plus bulls) were calculated. By day 7 of the program, 82% of the maiden heifers and 76% of the lactating cows in the cloprostenol treatment had been detected in oestrus. By day 21 the respective figures were 99% and 81% Norgestomet treatment had an immediate and a prolonged effect on ovarian activity in those females classified as having inactive ovaries at the start of the AI program. Calving rates of those females to fixed-time AI and overall were similar to those of the females with active ovaries in both treatments. Their calving rates to fixed-time insemination, and overall calving rates for the lactating females, were significantly higher than the corresponding values of their contemporaries treated with cloprostenol and inseminated on observed oestrus over 7 days. For those females classified as having active ovaries at the start of the AI program, calving rates to first insemination and overall were similar for both treatments. Overall calving rates of lactating cows of each breed were, with one exception, higher in the norgestomet treatment than in the cloprostenol treatment. Although norgestomet treatment was more expensive than cloprostenol treatment, the advantage in calf crop resulted in an overall monetary advantage to the norgestomet treatment.  相似文献   

Risk factors associated with extended spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli (CTX-M) on dairy farms in North West England and North Wales     

Snow LC  Warner RG  Cheney T  Wearing H  Stokes M  Harris K  Teale CJ  Coldham NG 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,106(3-4):225-234

This study investigated the potential spread of CTX-M-14 Escherichia coli from a known ESBL E. coli positive farm and risk factors for the presence of CTX-M E. coli on dairy farms. Between November 2009 and March 2010, 65 farms in North West England and North Wales were visited and animals sampled for E. coli producing CTX-M ESBLs. Seventeen of these were known to have received animals from a known ESBL E. coli positive 'index' farm since 2005 (linked farms). The prevalence of CTX-M E. coli in the population of linked farms was 58.8% (10/17; CI(95%) 32.9-81.6%) and in the randomly selected control population was 35.4% (17/48; CI(95%) 22.2-50.5%). There was no significant (p>0.05) linkage for the detection of any CTX-M E. coli or specifically a CTX-M-14 E. coli to the index farm. Group 1 (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32), group 2 (CTX-M-2) and group 9 (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-14B, CTX-M-27) CTX-M E. coli were identified on the study farms. Molecular analysis revealed that three plasmids from linked farms had similar sizes (95kbp), replicon type (IncK) and backbone genes as that from the index farm. Logistic regression analysis revealed that farms that had used a 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin (ceftiofur, cefoperazone and cefquinome) in livestock in the last 12months were nearly 4times more likely to have ESBL E. coli present (p=0.037; OR=3.93). There was no significant association between presence of CTX-M E. coli and the use of any 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporins. Several other risk factors for the presence of CTX-M E. coli were identified, such as storage of slurry in a pit, operating an open herd policy and infrequent cleaning of calf feeding equipment.  相似文献   

Resistance to a triple-combination anthelmintic in Trichostrongylus spp. on a commercial sheep farm in New Zealand     

BAS Hodgson  CJ Mulvaney 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):277-281

Abstract

AIM: To evaluate resistance to anthelmintics containing abamectin, levamisole, and oxfendazole (AB-LEV-OX), derquantal and abamectin (DEQ-AB), moxidectin, and monepantel in naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes present on a sheep farm.

METHODS: Faecal nematode egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were carried out on lambs that were approximately 7 months-old and infected with naturally acquired nematodes. Lambs were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n=15 per group): treatment with 2?mg/kg derquantel and 0.2?mg/kg abamectin; 0.2?mg/kg abamectin, 8?mg/kg levamisole HCl and 4.5?mg/kg oxfendazole; 2.5?mg/kg monepantel; 0.2?mg/kg moxidectin, or no treatment. Post-treatment samples were collected 12 days later. Abomasa and small intestines were collected from two slaughtered lambs from each of the DEQ-AB, AB-LEV-OX, moxidectin and control groups 15 days after treatment, for nematode counting.

RESULTS: The FECRT demonstrated that efficacy was 90.3 (95% CI=84.2–94.1)% for AB-LEV-OX, 54.5 (95% CI=28.4–71.1)% for moxidectin, 99.2 (95% CI=97.4–99.8)% for DEQ-AB and 100% for monepantel, across all genera. For Trichostrongylus spp. efficacy was 85.5% for AB-LEV-OX and 46.7% for moxidectin. Haemonchus spp. were fully susceptible to all treatments. Post-treatment nematode counts indicated that the resistant Trichostrongylus spp. were from the small intestine.

CONCLUSIONS: Anthelmintic resistance to both AB-LEV-OX and moxidectin was present in the Trichostrongylus genus on a commercial sheep farm. Monepantel and DEQ-AB were both effective against Trichostrongylus spp. based on FECRT results.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This finding of resistance to an AB-LEV-OX triple-combination anthelmintic in the Trichostrongylus genus in sheep in New Zealand further limits anthelmintic treatment options available, and calls into question whether this combination is suitable for use as a quarantine treatment.  相似文献