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Alterations due to dilution and anticoagulant effects in hematologic analysis of rodent blood samples on the Sysmex XT‐2000iV 
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Public compensation for windstorm damage reduces incentives for risk management investments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Governments of some European countries compensate landowners for windstorm damage to forests. We analyze the impact of such programmes on non-industrial private forest owner decisions to purchase an insurance policy for windstorm coverage and other natural events and/or invest in risk-reducing forest management activities. We develop a theoretical model to predict demand for an insurance policy or risk-reducing forest management activity, and improve upon previous efforts by varying the damage losses proportional to timber stand value. We characterize the comparative static effects on risk management investments of variations in the price of insurance, landowner risk attitude, timber stand value, and presence or absence of public compensation. Then we discuss public policy implications and analyze some alternative approaches. We conclude that providing public financial assistance to non-industrial private forest owners after damage-causing events may reduce their incentive to purchase insurance or invest in protective forest management activities. 相似文献
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Anne Ganteaume Mercedes Guijarro Marielle Jappiot Carmen Hernando Corinne Lampin-Maillet Pedro Pérez-Gorostiaga José A. Vega 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):531-541
• Introduction
Wildfires are considered the most important disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin, and some are propagated over long distances due to lift-off and ignition of firebrands. 相似文献4.
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Vanrompay D Geens T Desplanques A Hoang TQ De Vos L Van Loock M Huyck E Mirry C Cox E 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,99(1):59-66
The prevalence of Chlamydiaceae infections on 258 closed pig breeding farms in Belgium was examined. For this purpose, 258 farms were randomly selected in the provinces West-Vlaanderen (44%), Oost-Vlaanderen (20%), Antwerpen (10%) and Vlaams-Brabant (6%). Of all farms examined, 96.5% were positive for Chlamydia-specific antibodies in ELISA and most were moderately to strongly positive. ELISA results revealed only 9 (3.5%) sero-negative farms. None of the ELISA negative sera reacted in immunoblotting. Only 212 of 249 ELISA positive sera reacted positive in immunoblotting. Additionally, 23 autopsy samples were examined by isolation in Vero cells. The major outer membrane sequence of the one isolate obtained showed 98.6% amino acid homology to the one of Chlamydophila psittaci strain CP3, formerly isolated from a pigeon. Present observations indicate that chlamydial infections are nearly endemic in the Belgian pig population and that Belgian pigs can become infected with C. psittaci. Nevertheless, the role and significance of Chlamydiaceae as pathogens in pigs remain unsolved and require further investigation. 相似文献
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Christian?Jeudy Marielle?Adrian Christophe?Baussard Céline?Bernard Eric?Bernaud Virginie?Bourion Hughes?Busset Lloren??Cabrera-Bosquet Frédéric?Cointault Simeng?Han Mickael?Lamboeuf Delphine?Moreau Barbara?Pivato Marion?Prudent Sophie?Trouvelot Hoai?Nam?Truong Vanessa?Vernoud Anne-Sophie?Voisin Daniel?Wipf Christophe?SalonEmail author 《Plant methods》2016,12(1):31
Background
In order to maintain high yields while saving water and preserving non-renewable resources and thus limiting the use of chemical fertilizer, it is crucial to select plants with more efficient root systems. This could be achieved through an optimization of both root architecture and root uptake ability and/or through the improvement of positive plant interactions with microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The development of devices suitable for high-throughput phenotyping of root structures remains a major bottleneck.Results
Rhizotrons suitable for plant growth in controlled conditions and non-invasive image acquisition of plant shoot and root systems (RhizoTubes) are described. These RhizoTubes allow growing one to six plants simultaneously, having a maximum height of 1.1 m, up to 8 weeks, depending on plant species. Both shoot and root compartment can be imaged automatically and non-destructively throughout the experiment thanks to an imaging cabin (RhizoCab). RhizoCab contains robots and imaging equipment for obtaining high-resolution pictures of plant roots. Using this versatile experimental setup, we illustrate how some morphometric root traits can be determined for various species including model (Medicago truncatula), crops (Pisum sativum, Brassica napus, Vitis vinifera, Triticum aestivum) and weed (Vulpia myuros) species grown under non-limiting conditions or submitted to various abiotic and biotic constraints. The measurement of the root phenotypic traits using this system was compared to that obtained using “classic” growth conditions in pots.Conclusions
This integrated system, to include 1200 Rhizotubes, will allow high-throughput phenotyping of plant shoots and roots under various abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Our system allows an easy visualization or extraction of roots and measurement of root traits for high-throughput or kinetic analyses. The utility of this system for studying root system architecture will greatly facilitate the identification of genetic and environmental determinants of key root traits involved in crop responses to stresses, including interactions with soil microorganisms.8.
Clment Debiton Marielle Merlino Christophe Chambon Emmanuelle Bancel Mlanie Decourteix Vronique Planchot Grard Branlard 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,53(2):160-169
Starch is composed of two types of glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin. The Waxy (Wx) locus controls amylose synthesis in the wheat kernel. Hexaploid wheat has three Wx loci located on chromosomes 7A (Wx-A1), 4A (Wx-B1), and 7D (Wx-D1). Eight near isogenic lines (NILs) of Triticum aestivum cv. Tremie with one, two or three Wx null alleles were used. The albumin–globulin fraction, and amphiphilic proteins were separated using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) allowing the changes in the waxy kernel to be identified. Albumin–globulin fraction showed overexpression of sucrose synthases in the waxy NILs compared to the normal form of Tremie and a decrease in many proteins related to stress and defence metabolism such as serpins. A subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is known to play a major role in starch synthesis, was also shown to be down regulated in the waxy NILs. Amphiphilic proteins confirmed the observations made on the albumin–globulin fraction with a decrease in a stress-related protein. These different regulations linked to observations made on wheat kernel (thousand kernel weight (TKW), protein amount per grain, size and distribution of the starch granules) led to formulation of the hypothesis that waxy endosperm does not reach maturity of the wild-type endosperm. 相似文献
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Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a major effector cytokine of the immune system with an expression pattern strictly restricted to cells of the lymphoid lineage. Several years ago, we reported that, during early pregnancy, the trophectoderm of the pig blastocyst, which represents a monolayer of polarized epithelial cells secretes high amount of IFN-gamma in a transient and developmentally regulated manner. In an effort to study the molecular basis of this atypical IFN-gamma gene expression, a pig trophectoderm cell line, TBA B4-3, was established in our laboratory. These cells developed a polarized phenotype with high transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) when grown on a microporous membrane. We found that treatment of polarized TBA B4-3 cells with the strong PKC agonist PMA induced, 3-4 days later, a transient IFN-gamma mRNA expression and vectorial IFN-gamma protein secretion. In order to better understand IFN-gamma gene regulation in TBA B4-3 cells, we examined in this system the effect of several drugs and factors known to affect the inducibility of this cytokine in T lymphocytes, the main source of IFN-gamma in the immunocompetent animal. We found that cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment of TBA B4-3 cells induces a partial inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion, thus indicating a minor role for the calcineurin signaling pathway in IFN-gamma expression. In addition, we found that although PMA alone can induce IFN-gamma secretion, the calcium ionophore A23187 synergizes with PMA for induction. We also analyzed by Southern blot the methylation status of a CpG dinucleotide in the 5' flanking region of IFN-gamma promoter and found that it was unmethylated in TBA B4-3 cells and in several pig epithelial cell lines that do not express IFN-gamma thus indicating the absence of correlation between demethylation and the ability to express IFN-gamma. Taken together, these results indicate that the mechanisms involved in IFN-gamma induction in TBA B4-3 cells are atypical compared to those presently known to operate in the T cell lineage. 相似文献