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1.
Two inactivated vaccines were prepared against hydropericardium syndrome. The vaccine prepared from liver homogenate extracted with chloroform, inactivated with formalin and adjuvanted with liquid paraffin was highly effective against challenge in chickens aged three, five and seven weeks. Seroconversion following vaccination and challenge was assessed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. The inactivated oil emulsion vaccine was highly effective against the syndrome in both experimental trials and field trials. 相似文献
2.
Manickam Pavunraj Chellaiah Muthu Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu Sundaram Janarthanan Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan Nagappan Raja Selvaraj Vimalraj 《Phytoparasitica》2011,39(2):145-150
The effects of crude extracts and an isolated compound from the leaves of milkweed, Pergularia daemia (Forssk) Choiv., on the antifeedant activity against two important lepidopteran pests, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Spodoptera litura (F.), were studied. Maximum antifeedant activity was recorded in ethyl acetate crude extract against H. armigera (70.3%) and S. litura (71.82%) at 1% concentration. Ethyl acetate crude extract was further subjected to column chromatography, which was performed
using hexane as initial solvent and then by increasing the polar strength using ethyl acetate. Fractions collected at hexane
and ethyl acetate (80:20) yielded 6-(4,7-hydroxy-heptyl) quinone, a novel compound which showed significant antifeedant activity
against H. armigera (80.22% at 2000 ppm) and S. litura (68.31% at 2000 ppm). 相似文献
3.
Baird JD Arroyo LG Vengust M McGurrin MK Rodriguez-Palacios A Kenney DG Aravagiri M Maylin GA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(1):104-110
CASE DESCRIPTION: 4 racehorses were examined because of markedly abnormal behavior following administration of fluphenazine decanoate. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included restlessness, agitation, profuse sweating, hypermetria, aimless circling, intense pawing and striking with the thoracic limbs, and rhythmic swinging of the head and neck alternating with episodes of severe stupor. Fluphenazine was detected in serum or plasma from all 4 horses. The dose of fluphenazine decanoate administered to 3 of the 4 horses was within the range (25 to 50 mg) routinely administered to adult humans. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: In 2 horses, there was no response to IV administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, but the abnormal behavior in these 2 horses appeared to resolve following administration of benztropine mesylate, and both horses returned to racing. The other 2 horses responded to diphenhydramine administration. One returned to racing. The other was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings indicate that adverse extrapyramidal effects may occur in horses given fluphenazine decanoate. These effects appear to be unpredictable and may be severe and life threatening. Use of fluphenazine decanoate as an anxiolytic in performance horses is not permitted in many racing and horse show jurisdictions, and analytic procedures are now available to detect the presence of fluphenazine in serum or plasma. 相似文献
4.
Ranjan Bhattacharyya Arti Bhatia Birendra N. Ghosh Priyabrata Santra Debashis Mandal Gopal Kumar Raman Jeet Singh Madegowda Madhu Avijit Ghosh Arup K. Mandal Ranjan Paul Ashim Datta Parbodh C. Sharma Uttam K. Mandal Pramod Jha Kokkuvayil S. Anil Manickam Lalitha Mahesh Kumar Nav R. Panwar Dibyendu Sarkar Ashok K. Patra Sumanta Kundu Michael A. Fullen Jean Poesen Bhabani Sankar Das Nagarjuna N. Reddy Suresh K. Chaudhari 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(4):e13388
Current widespread and intensive soil degradation in India has been driven by unprecedented levels of population growth, large-scale industrialization, high-yield agriculture, urban sprawl and the spread of human infrastructure. The damage caused to managed and natural systems by soil degradation threatens livelihoods and local services and leads to national socio-economic disruption. Human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and ill-planned commercial and industrial development. Of these, inappropriate agricultural practices, including excessive tillage and use of heavy machinery, over-grazing, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and/or organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning, account for nearly 40% (121 Mha) of land degradation across India. Globally, human activities related to agriculture contribute to the transgression of four of the nine Planetary Boundaries proposed by Rockström et al. (2009): Climate Change, Biodiversity Integrity, Land-system Change, and altered Phosphorus and Nitrogen Biogeochemical Flows. This review focuses on how knowledge of soil processes in agriculture has developed in India over the past 10 years, and the potential of soil science to meet the objectives of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger (End hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture), using the context of the four most relevant Planetary Boundaries as a framework. Solutions to mitigate soil degradation and improve soil health in different regions using conservation agricultural approaches have been proposed. Thus, in this review we (1) summarize the outputs of recent innovative research in India that has explored the impacts of soil degradation on four Planetary Boundaries (Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, Land-system Change, and altered Biogeochemical Flows of Phosphorus and Nitrogen) and vice-versa; and (2) identify the knowledge gaps that require urgent attention to inform developing soil science research agendas in India, to advise policy makers, and to support those whose livelihoods rely on the land. 相似文献
5.
Wouter van Wyngaardt Cordelia Mashau Isabel Wright Jeanni Fehrsen 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(1):95-98
There is an ongoing need for standardized, easily renewable immunoreagents for detecting African horsesickness virus (AHSV). Two phage displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, selected from a semi-synthetic chicken antibody library, were used to develop double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) to detect AHSV. In the DAS-ELISAs, the scFv previously selected with directly immobilized AHSV-3 functioned as a serotype-specific reagent that recognized only AHSV-3. In contrast, the one selected with AHSV-8 captured by IgG against AHSV-3 recognized all nine AHSV serotypes but not the Bryanston strain of equine encephalosis virus. Serving as evidence for its serogroup-specificity. These two scFvs can help to rapidly confirm the presence of AHSV while additional serotype-specific scFvs may simplify AHSV serotyping. 相似文献
6.
Pramoda Kumar Sahoo Mudagandur S Shekhar Abhilipsa Das Manickam Dilli Kumar Bindu R Pillai A S Sahul Hameed 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(8):1096-1106
The present study evaluated the role of recombinant RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) in modulating the immune response and in reducing MrNV load in infected prawn. In the first experiment, prawns (25–30 g) were injected with recombinant RdRp protein (RP) at a concentration of 0, 1.0 and 10 μg, and immune parameters and expression of some immune‐related genes were measured up to 14 days post injection (p.i.). In the second experiment, early juveniles were injected with a similar dose of RdRp and animals were challenged by immersion with MrNV. The infection status was detected in muscles by nested RT‐PCR up to 21 days post challenge. Prawn injected with higher concentration of RP showed significantly higher total haemocyte count at different period post injection. Significant up‐regulation of immune‐related genes was observed within 24 h in prawn treated with lower dose of RP and after 7 days p.i. at higher level of RP injection compared with adult control. Most of the tested samples (63%) were found to be RT‐PCR positive for MrNV at 48 h of post‐immersion challenge. After 14 days, MrNV was detected only in control prawn, while both RP‐injected groups were MrNV negative. This study elucidated the potential viral load reduction role played by RdRP in MrNV‐infected prawn. 相似文献
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8.
Markert S Arndt C Felbeck H Becher D Sievert SM Hügler M Albrecht D Robidart J Bench S Feldman RA Hecker M Schweder T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5809):247-250
The bacterial endosymbiont of the deep-sea tube worm Riftia pachyptila has never been successfully cultivated outside its host. In the absence of cultivation data, we have taken a proteomic approach based on the metagenome sequence to study the metabolism of this peculiar microorganism in detail. As one result, we found that three major sulfide oxidation proteins constitute approximately 12% of the total cytosolic proteome, which highlights the essential role of these enzymes for the symbiont's energy metabolism. Unexpectedly, the symbiont uses the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle in addition to the previously identified Calvin cycle for CO2 fixation. 相似文献
9.
Mohammad?Reza?Ketabchi Mohammad?KhalidEmail author Chantara?Thevy?Ratnam Sivakumar?Manickam Rashmi?Walvekar Md?Enamul?Hoque 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(9):1352-1358
This study optimizes the isolation parameters of cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) from kenaf fiber using central composite design (CCD). The extraction of CNP was based on three stages (i.e. 3 factors). The independent variables (factors) were NaOH dosage, amount of NaClO2, and sonication time, while the dependent variables (response) were CNP size quality and degradation temperature. Later, size quality responses were fitted with a quadratic polynomial model and degradation point responses with a 2-factor interaction model (2FI). The quadratic model and 2FI models resulted R2 values of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. In addition, the morphological, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated a progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed reduction in fiber diameter from ~170 μm to ~100 nm. The optimal parameters for extraction of CNP were found to be 0.2 g of NaOH/4 g of fiber at first stage, 5 ml of NaClO2/4 g of fiber at the second stage, and 20 min of sonication period during the third stage. Moreover, obtained cellulose nanoparticles were thermally more stable at higher temperature. 相似文献
10.
Development of a mouse model to determine the systemic activity of potential flea-control compounds.
Karen A Santora Michelle Zakson-Aiken Cordelia Rasa Wes Shoop 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,104(3):257-264
Probe studies were performed to determine if the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), the most common ectoparasite of companion animals, will feed on laboratory mice and, if so, to incorporate this into a small animal assay to detect systemically active compounds. Consequently, a protocol was developed which incorporated acepromazine maleate to temporarily sedate various strains of mice and allow fleas a window of time to feed undisturbed. For validation of the model, CD-1 mice were dosed per os with seven known insecticides at 30, 10 and 1mg/kg. Mice were sedated with 0.0125 ml acepromazine maleate intraperitoneally, and infested with fleas. After 2h, fleas were removed, one-third were examined immediately to confirm the occurrence of feeding, and 77% were found to have ingested a blood meal. The remaining fleas were incubated for 24h to determine mortality. Nitenpyram, the active ingredient in Capstar, was highly active (>94%) at 1mg/kg. Selamectin, the active ingredient in Revolution, was very active (86%) at 10mg/kg, but inactive at 1mg/kg. Fipronil, the active ingredient of Frontline Topspot, was very active (83%) at 30 mg/kg, moderately active (54%) at 10mg/kg and inactive at 1mg/kg. Cythioate, the active ingredient in Proban, and nodulisporic acid, a recently discovered oral insecticide, were moderately active (64 and 55%, respectively) at 10mg/kg, but both were inactive at 1mg/kg. Lufenuron and ivermectin exhibited no efficacy at any level tested. These findings suggest that this mouse model can effectively identify systemic flea-control leads and, subsequently, reduce the use of large animals in research. 相似文献