Pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)     

Kanako Muta  Takako Miyabe‐Nishiwaki  Kenichi Masui  Isao Yajima  Tomoya Iizuka  Akihisa Kaneko  Ryohei Nishimura 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):18-27

The objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. In Study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. Plasma concentration was measured, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A two‐compartment model was selected as the final model. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: V₁ = 1.14 L, V₂ = 77.6 L, CL₁ = 0.00182 L/min, CL₂ = 0.0461 L/min. In Study 2, clinical and physiological parameters were assessed and recorded every 2 min after 12 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Immobilization was sustained for 5 min following propofol administration without apparent bradycardia. While combination of propofol and sevoflurane caused apnoea in Study 1, apnoea was not observed following single administration of propofol in Study 2. These data provide bases for further investigation on intravenous anaesthesia using propofol in common marmosets.  相似文献   

Development of a Simple Method for Evaluation of Water Absorption Rate and Capacity of Rice Flour Samples     

Junko Matsuki  Tomoya Okunishi  Hiroshi Okadome  Keitaro Suzuki  Koichi Yoza  Ken Tokuyasu 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(5):487-490

A simple method employing a commercially available canister was developed for the determination of mode of water absorption of rice flour samples. The samples prepared by four different grinding methods were used to analyze water absorption. The total amount of water in a flour sample was described by using an exponential model. Capacity and rate of water absorption of the samples were determined, and the relationship to baking quality of partially substituted rice bread was investigated. The water absorption was highly dependent on the method of grinding. Flours produced by wet jet‐milling of the grains, which absorbed a small amount of water at high speed, were most suitable for rice bread. The method was applicable to other food powders, provided that flour particles do not stick together or swell immediately upon contact with water.  相似文献   

Establishment of testicular and ovarian cell lines from Honmoroko (Gnathopogon caerulescens)     

Shogo Higaki  Yoshie Koyama  Emi Shirai  Tomoya Yokota  Yasuhiro Fujioka  Noriyoshi Sakai  Tatsuyuki Takada 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(3):701-711

We succeeded to establish cell lines from endemic fish species Honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens, which inhabits Lake Biwa, the third oldest lake in the world. Two cell lines designated as RMT1 and RMO1 were established from testis and ovary of G. caerulescens, respectively. These cell lines were initially cultured in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), fish embryo extract, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Further addition of forskolin and β-mercaptoethanol was required to establish and maintain these cell lines for more than 60 passages. RMT1 and RMO1 cells showed fibroblast- and epithelial-like morphology, respectively. From immunocytochemical staining and gene expression patterns, RMT1 cells showed a characteristic of testicular Sertoli cells and RMO1 cells did that of ovarian theca cells. Both RMT1 and RMO1 cells multiplied well in the medium supplemented with 10 % FBS at 28 °C and their minimum population doubling times were 24.4 and 28.8 h, respectively. At the 45th passage, most of the RMT1 and RMO1 cells had a hyperploid set of chromosomes (67.3 and 96.1 %, respectively). Cells with normal diploid chromosome set were not observed. RMT1 cells were transfected with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector and human elongation factor 1 α promoter worked efficiently to express EGFP. In addition, EGFP-expressing cell lines were also established, suggesting that the cell lines could be utilized as an in vitro monitor system (biosensor) for the evaluation of endocrine disruptors which might affect gonadal function.  相似文献   

Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Hajime Kosaka  Takuya Aikawa  Nobuo Ogura  Katsuhiro Tabata  Tomoya Kiyohara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):667-675

Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees.  相似文献   

Effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers     

Yasuhiro AOKI  Tomoya YAMADA  Naoto NAKANISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(2):173-179

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers. Four crossbred beef steers walked on a treadmill during a 6 week exercise period (1.2 km/h, 1 h/day and 5 days/week). The changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose infusion were analyzed immediately prior to (bodyweight: 260.4 ± 24.2 kg) and after (295.7 ± 30.1 kg) the exercise period. The basal levels of plasma glucose (86.4 vs. 82.0 mg/dL, P = 0.040) and insulin (24.5 vs. 14.3 μU/mL, P = 0.016) were significantly lower after the exercise period. Further, the increase in the levels of plasma glucose (420.4 vs. 280.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and insulin (94.5 vs. 73.1 μU/mL, P = 0.028) following the glucose infusion decreased after the exercise period. The area under the curve of plasma glucose (108.8 vs. 62.9 mg/dL per min, P < 0.001) and insulin (53.6 vs. 29.7 μU/mL per min, P = 0.018) indicated more rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and less insulin secretion for glucose clearance after the exercise period. These results suggest that regular exercise improves glucose tolerance, with lower insulin response to glucose infusion in growing steers, as observed in rodents and humans.  相似文献   

Lignan production inDaphne odora cell cultures     

Tomoya Okunishi  Naohiro Takaku  Patcharawadee Wattanawikkit  Norikazu Sakakibara  Shiro Suzuki  Fukumi Sakai  Toshiaki Umezawa  Mikio Shimada 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(3):237-241

Lignan production in callus and cell suspension cultures ofDaphne odora is reported for the first time. The cell suspension culture produced pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and wikstromol. The production of matairesinol in the cell suspension culture was much higher than that inDaphne odora stem tissues.Part of this report was presented at the 51th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001  相似文献   

New lignan, isoactifolin, fromChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea     

Naohiro Takaku  Keigo Mikame  Tomoya Okunishi  Shiro Suzuki  Toshiaki Umezawa  Mikio Shimada 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(6):493-496

A new lignan isoactifolin was isolated from young shoots (with leaves) ofChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea. The structure of the compound was determined based on spectroscopic evidence.Parts of this report were presented at the 44th lignin symposium, Gifu, October 1999  相似文献   

Stereochemistry of matairesinol formation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Daphne</Emphasis> secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase     

Tomoya?Okunishi  Norikazu?Sakakibara  Shiro?Suzuki  Toshiaki?UmezawaEmail author  Mikio?Shimada 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(1):77-81

Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase activity was detected for the first time from Daphne odora and Daphne genkwa (Thymelaeaceae), which are known to produce optically pure (+)-matairesinol. In sharp contrast, (–)-matairesinol was formed selectively over the (+)-antipode by the secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase preparation from both D. odora callus and D. genkwa shoots.  相似文献   

Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures,Japan     

Ryota MATSUYAMA  Naotoshi KUNINAGA  Tomoya MORIMOTO  Tetsuya SHIBANO  Akiko SUDO  Kazunari SUDO  Makoto ASANO  Masatsugu SUZUKI  Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1179-1181

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%) and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P. shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological risk to public health.  相似文献   

Detailed examination of the degradation of phenol derivatives under oxygen delignification conditions     

Yokoyama T  Matsumoto Y  Meshitsuka G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1301-1307

Several phenolic compounds were subjected to oxygen-alkali oxidations under oxygen delignification conditions, and their degradations were examined in detail by applying a novel formula. The formula was established on the basis of the two following considerations. The degradation of the phenolic compounds should be expressed by the sum of two types, each of which is caused by molecular oxygen and by highly reactive active oxygen species (HAOS). The degradation should be described by a mathematical equation to which a rate function, k(t), dependent on reaction time t, is applied instead of a rate constant. By rearrangements, the following formula was obtained: k(t) = A/(t + B) (A, B are constants). This is hyperbola, and the illustration of k(t) visualized the contribution of HAOS to the degradation of the phenolic compounds. HAOS did not contribute so much to the degradation, especially at 70 degrees C, which suggests the low energy supply for the HAOS generation at 70 degrees C. The extrapolation of k(t) to the beginning of the reaction gives its initial value, k(initial), which is the rate constant of the reaction between the phenolic compounds and molecular oxygen. As expected, k(initial) was dependent on the electronic property of their substituents. Quantification of the phenolic compounds degraded by HAOS showed that the contribution of HAOS to the degradation is not great. The maximum contribution was observed in the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylphenol at 85 degrees C. In this case, 5 and 95% of the compound were degraded by HAOS and molecular oxygen, respectively.  相似文献