Genetic resistance to Leukosis virus infection: effects on mortality and egg production in Leghorn hens     

W Hartmann  D vd Hagen  G Heil 《British poultry science》1984,25(1):43-52

The influence of genotypic differences in resistance to infection from Lymphoid Leukosis (LL) on mortality and egg production was studied in three pairs of sublines. One subline of each pair had been selected for resistance and the other for susceptibility to infection. At 10 months of age, almost no hens with neutralising antibodies against LL were found in the resistant sublines, while in each susceptible subline more than 40% of the hens had LL antibodies. At 21 months of age, very few hens of the resistant sublines had group-specific (gs) antigen in their eggs. Susceptible sublines differed considerably in this respect, from 81% gs antigen-positive hens in one subline to 9% or no positive hens in the others. On the whole, the susceptible sublines had 6% higher mortality during the laying period (8 months) but the size of the difference was influenced by vaccination against Marek's disease (MD) and varied considerably between pairs of sublines. Significant interactions between strain and genotype of resistance to LL infection were observed for mortality from "other causes" in hens vaccinated against MD, as well as for mortality from "Leukosis" and from "MD" in non-vaccinated hens. The average rate of lay from 1 to 8 months was 8% lower in susceptible hens. In the subline with the highest frequency of eggs containing LL group-specific antigen in the albumen, the reduction of laying rate was twice as large as in the other susceptible sublines.  相似文献   

Skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic calcium regulation and sudden death syndrome in chickens     

G. Reiner  J. Hartmann  V. Dzapo 《British poultry science》1995,36(4):667-675

1. Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) is a disease of well‐developed, predominandy male broiler chickens where death appears to occur because of cardiovascular failure. The role of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic calcium regulation as a potential cause of SDS has been investigated.

2. Calcium regulation of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was compared between broiler and Leghorn chickens. Calcium regulation matured from the 2nd to the 11 th week and, at any age, broiler chickens showed significandy lower calcium transport rates and transport efficiencies. The mechanism of calcium transport in broiler chickens was more energy‐consuming than that of the Leghorn chickens.

3. Sarcoplasmic calcium regulation is pivotal for muscle metabolism. As in porcine malignant hyperthermia, weaker calcium regulation might lead to hyperactivation of skeletal muscle, followed by elevated lactic acid concentrations and cardiovascular failure.  相似文献   

Analysis of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Selected Algae and Cyanobacteria by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and a Novel MAA from the Red Alga Catenella repens     

Anja Hartmann  Kathrin Becker  Ulf Karsten  Daniel Remias  Markus Ganzera 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6291-6305

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), a group of small secondary metabolites found in algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and fungi, have become ecologically and pharmacologically relevant because of their pronounced UV-absorbing and photo-protective potential. Their analytical characterization is generally achieved by reversed phase HPLC and the compounds are often quantified based on molar extinction coefficients. As an alternative approach, in our study a fully validated hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method is presented. It enables the precise quantification of several analytes with adequate retention times in a single run, and can be coupled directly to MS. Excellent linear correlation coefficients (R² > 0.9991) were obtained, with limit of detection (LOD) values ranging from 0.16 to 0.43 µg/mL. Furthermore, the assay was found to be accurate (recovery rates from 89.8% to 104.1%) and precise (intra-day precision: 5.6%, inter-day precision ≤6.6%). Several algae were assayed for their content of known MAAs like porphyra-334, shinorine, and palythine. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data indicated a novel compound in some of them, which could be isolated from the marine species Catenella repens and structurally elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) as (E)-3-hydroxy-2-((5-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-3-((2-sulfoethyl)amino)cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)amino) propanoic acid, a novel MAA called catenelline.  相似文献   

Bacteraemia in 66 cats and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates (1995-2004)     

Greiner M  Wolf G  Hartmann K 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(5):404-410

Bacterial blood culture results of 292 privately owned cats presented to the Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich with signs of sepsis were evaluated retrospectively. Of the blood cultures, 23% were positive. In 88%, a single bacterial species was isolated. Of all bacterial isolates, 45% were Gram-positive, 43% were Gram-negative, and 12% were obligate anaerobes. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, obligate anaerobic species, Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species. Of the cats with positive blood cultures, 32% were pretreated with antibiotics. Of all bacterial isolates, 77% were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 69% to chloramphenicol, 67% to gentamicin, and 64% to amoxycillin clavulanic acid. Only enrofloxacin reached an in vitro efficacy of more than 70% against Gram-positive and more than 74% against Gram-negative bacteria.  相似文献   

Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline fibrosarcoma with recombinant feline interferon-omega     

Hampel V  Schwarz B  Kempf C  Köstlin R  Schillinger U  Küchenhoff H  Fenske N  Brill T  Hirschberger J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1340-1346

BACKGROUND: Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment with rFeIFN-omega in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible. ANIMALS: Twenty domestic cats. METHODS: In an open-labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 x 10(6) U/kg rFeIFN-omega were administered over a 5-week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN-omega. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN-omega and recombinant feline interferon-gamma was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN-omega. RESULTS: Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate-amino-transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P = .025), neutropenia (P = .021), and weight loss (P < .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN-omega-treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN-omega). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P = .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN-omega, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: RFeIFN-omega for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.  相似文献   

Carryover of maduramicin from feed containing cross-contamination levels into eggs of laying hens     

Bodi D  Fry H  Schafft H  Lahrssen-Wiederholt M  Preiss-Weigert A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(28):6946-6952

Maduramicin is a coccidiostat authorized as feed additive in the European Union for chickens and turkeys for fattening but not for laying hens, considering the risk of residues in eggs. The unavoidable cross-contamination of non-target feed with coccidiostats is regulated by Commission Directive 2009/8/EC and resulting carry-over in food by Commission Regulation (EC) No. 124/2009. To verify the compliance of the maximum levels for maduramicin in feed (50 μg/kg) and eggs (2 μg/kg), the carry-over from feed into eggs was investigated. Diets containing 10, 30, and 50 μg of maduramicin/kg of feed were fed to laying hens. Feed, egg white, and yolk were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Maduramicin residues were only detected in in egg yolk. Feeding the 10 μg/kg maduramicin diet resulted in maduramicin concentrations up to 2.5 μg/kg in whole eggs, already exceeding the maximum level. A carry-over rate of 8% maduramicin from feed into eggs was calculated.  相似文献   

Antioxidant effectiveness of phenolic apple juice extracts and their gut fermentation products in the human colon carcinoma cell line caco-2     

Bellion P  Hofmann T  Pool-Zobel BL  Will F  Dietrich H  Knaup B  Richling E  Baum M  Eisenbrand G  Janzowski C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6310-6317

Apples represent a major dietary source of antioxidative polyphenols. Their metabolic conversion by the gut microflora might generate products that protect the intestine against oxidative damage. We studied the antioxidant effectiveness of supernatants of fermented apple juice extracts (F-AEs, 6 and 24 h fermentation) and of selected phenolic degradation products, identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Cell free antioxidant capacity of unfermented apple juice extracts (AEs) was decreased after fermentation by 30-50%. In the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2, F-AEs (containing <0.5% of original AE-phenolics) decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level more efficiently than the F-blank (fermented without AE) but were less effective than the respective AEs. Similarly, antioxidant effectiveness of individual degradation products was lower compared to respective AE constituents. Glutathione level was slightly increased and oxidative DNA damage slightly decreased by fermented AE03, rich in quercetin glycosides. In conclusion, F-AEs/degradation products exhibit antioxidant activity in colon cells but to a lesser extent than the respective unfermented AEs/constituents.  相似文献   

Combining agent-based and stock-flow modelling approaches in a participative analysis of the integrated land system in Reichraming, Austria   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Veronika Gaube  Christina Kaiser  Martin Wildenberg  Heidi Adensam  Peter Fleissner  Johannes Kobler  Juliana Lutz  Andreas Schaumberger  Jakob Schaumberger  Barbara Smetschka  Angelika Wolf  Andreas Richter  Helmut Haberl 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(9):1149-1165

The integrated modelling of coupled socio-ecological systems in land-change science requires innovative model concepts capable of grasping the interrelations between socioeconomic and natural components. Here, we discuss the integrated socio-ecological model SERD (Simulation of Ecological Compatibility of Regional Development) that was developed for the municipality of Reichraming in Upper Austria in a participative 2-year process involving local stakeholders. SERD includes three main components: (1) an agent-based actors module that simulates decisions of farmsteads, the municipal administration and other important actors; (2) a spatially explicit (GIS based) land-use module that simulates land-use change at the level of individual parcels of land and (3) an integrated socio-ecological stock-flow module that simulates carbon and nitrogen flows through both socioeconomic and ecological system compartments. We report on outcomes of a scenario analysis that outlines possible future trajectories depending on both external (e.g. agricultural subsidies and prices) and internal (e.g. innovation, willingness to co-operate) factors. We find that both external and internal factors can affect the behaviour of the integrated system considerably. Local and regional policies are found to be able to counteract adverse global socioeconomic conditions to some extent, but not to reverse the trend altogether. We also find strong interdependencies between socioeconomic and ecological components of the system. Fully evaluating these interdependencies is, however, not possible at the local scale alone and will require explicit consideration of higher-level effects in future research.  相似文献   

Attractiveness of host banana leaf materials to the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus in Ghana for development of field management strategies     

Samson A Abagale  Christine M Woodcock  Keith Chamberlain  Samuel Osafo‐Acquaah  Helmut van Emden  Michael A Birkett  John A Pickett  Haruna Braimah 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):549-555

  相似文献   

Über das Auftreten des Dickmaulrüsslers Otiorrhynchus ovatus L. als Schädling der Erdbeeren (Fragaria)     

Helmut Mutz 《Journal of pest science》1951,24(5):70-74

Zusammenfassung und Schlußbetrachtung Otiorrhynchus ovatus L. ist in Deutschland fast ausschließlich als Forstschädling beschrieben worden. Erheblicher Schaden an Erdbeeren wurde bisher namentlich aus Nordamerika bekannt. Der genannte Rüßler vergrößert die Zahl der vermutlich infolge veränderter ökologischer Verhältnisse während der letzten Jahre in Deutschland aufgetretenen Schadinsekten, soweit es die Erdbeerkultur betrifft. Die Art ist polyphag; doch kommt ihr Schaden nur in mehrjährig perennierenden Kulturanlagen infolge der ungestörten Entwicklungsmöglichkeit zur vollen Auswirkung.Im Gebiet von Strehla wurde sowohl im Jahre 1946 als auch 1949 durch die Fraßtätigkeit der Larven ca. 1/5 der gesamten Anbaufläche total vernichtet.Erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit ist für die gefährdeten Kulturen geboten. Erneutes Auftreten des Käfers nach zweijähriger Pause in dreijähriger Anbaufläche des beschriebenen Befallsgebietes würde die Annahme festigen, daß die Generationsdauer im vorliegenden Falle dreijährig ist. Es wurde vorgesehen, durch laufende Bodenuntersuchungen in den gefährdeten Kulturen die Larven im ersten Entwicklungsstadium festzustellen. Gegebenenfalls soll durch Züchtung in der Gefangenschaft zur Klärung des Entwicklungszyklus beigetragen werden.Die Bekämpfung bleibt, wenn infolge unzureichender Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen totaler Schaden eingetreten ist, im wesentlichen darauf beschränkt, durch tiefes Umpflügen der stark befallenen Kulturen, noch bevor die ersten Käfer erscheinen, einen möglichst großen Teil Larven und Puppen auf mechanische Weise zu vernichten. Zur Erkenntnis, wieweit DDT-Präparate und evtl. auch geruchlose Hexa-Mittel zur Bekämpfung brauchbar sind, bedarf es noch planmäßiger Versuche im Freiland.Zukünftige Nachforschungen, wozu sachdienliche Beobachtungen und Mitteilungen aus anderer Gegend sehr erwünscht sind, sollen Aufschluß darüber gehen, ob der Käfer weiterhin als Erdbeerschädling auftritt, oder ob das Massenvorkommen in den Jahren 1946 und 1949 als eine auf das Gebiet von Strehla beschränkte Kalamität anzusehen ist.  相似文献