A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide and medical air for abdominal insufflation on respiratory parameters in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination     

JD Haan  BL Hay Kraus  SR Sathe 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(4):167-171

AIMS: To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO₂ in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI).

METHODS: Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO₂ or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1?mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O₂ (PaO₂), and CO₂ (PaCO₂). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined.

RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p<0.001), but no difference between insufflation groups (p>0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO₂>50?mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO₂<70?mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO₂ group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO₂ group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO₂ and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO₂ group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for abdominal insufflation during laparoscopic AI procedures.  相似文献   

Spread of the bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida after importation of infected goldfish, Carassius auratus, into Australia     

JD HUMPHREY  LD ASHBURNER 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(12):453-454

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The use of ultrasonography in the reproductive evaluation of boars          下载免费PDF全文

RO Pinho  BS Camilo  DMA Lima  FAC Villadiego  JCM Vergara  HH Shiomi  RE Cardoso  PS Lopes  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):393-400

The objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty‐six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination.  相似文献   

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers     

S. WRIGHT 《Equine Veterinary Education》2012,24(1):1-2

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The effect of different frequencies of harrowing in the autumn or spring on winter wheat, and on the control of Stellaria media (L.) vill., Galium aparine L. and Brassica napus L.     

B. J. WILSON  K. J. WRIGHT  R. C. BUTLER 《Weed Research》1993,33(6):501-506

Cultivating with a flexible tine harrow in the autumn reduced densities of Stellaria media (L) Vill., Galium aparine L. and Brassica napus L. plants and thinned the wheat crop. Effects were more severe with two passes at right angles (plant stands were approximately halved) than with a single cultivation. Despite crop thinning, wheat yields were not reduced by autumn harrowing owing to compensatory increases in 1000-grain weights. Summer biomass of S. media and G. aparine was reduced more by spring than by autumn harrowing, while biomass of B. napus was only reduced by autumn harrowing. It was concluded that weakly rooted climbing or scrambling species are more easily controlled by cultivating in the spring, while species that develop a tap-root are more readily controlled by cultivating at an early growth stage in the autumn. L'effet de différentes fréquences d'hersage en automne on au printempssur le blé d'hiver, etsur les controles suivants Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L. et Brassica napus L. Les façons culturales effectuées à 1'automne avec une herse à trilles flexibles réduisaient le nombre de Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L. et Brassica napus L. et éclaircissaient la culture de blé. Les effets étaient plus importantes après deux passages perpendiculaires (densité des plantes divisée par environ 2) que par un seul passage. En dépit de l'éclaircissement, les rende-ments du blé n'ont pas été réduits par le hersage d'automne grâce à une compensation par le poids de 1000 grains. La biomasse d'été de S. media et G. aparineétait plus réduite par un hersage de printemps que d'automne, alors que la biomasse de B. napus n'était réduite que par un hersage d'automne. Les espéces grimpantes et faible-ment enracinées sont done plus facilement com-battues par des travaux de printemps, alors que celles qui présentent un racine pivotante sont plus facilement combattues par un hersage d'automne, à un stade précoce. Die Wirkung verschieden häufigen Eggens im Herbst oder im Frühjahr auf Wintenveizen und auf die Bekämpfung von Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L. und Brassica napus L. Eggen im Herbst mit einer beweglichen Zinkenegge verringerte die Dichte von Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L. und Brassica napus L. und reduzierte den Weizenbestand. Die Wirkungen waren durch 2 Arbeitsgänge im rechten Winkel zu einander, wobei der Pflanzenbestand ungefähr halbiert wurde, gegenüber einer einzelnen Bearbeitung ver-stärkt. Aufgrund eines ausgleichenden Anstiegs des Tausendkorngewichts wurden die Weizenerträge trotz Ausdünnung der Bestände nicht durch Eggen im Herbst reduziert. Die Sommerbiomasse von S. media und G. aparine wurde mehr durch Eggen im Frühjahr als durch Eggen im Herbst verringert, während die Biomasse von B. napus nur durch Eggen im Herbst reduziert wurde. Daraus folgt, daß schwach wurzelnde und kletternde Arten einfacher durch Eggen im Frühjahr bekämpfbar sind, Arten mit einer Pfahlwurzel besser im Herbst zu einem früheren Entwicklungsstadium.  相似文献   

Simulation study of the competitive ability of erect, semi-erect and prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

G WANG  ME MCGIFFEN JR  JL LINDQUIST†  JD EHLERS  & I SARTORATO‡ 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):129-139

Ecophysiological simulation models provide a quantitative method to predict the effects of management practices, plant characteristics and environmental factors on crop and weed growth and competition. The INTERCOM interplant competition model was parameterised, calibrated by monoculture data for three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes that differed in growth habit, common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and used to simulate competition of cowpea cover crops with sunflower or purslane. The simulation results were compared with observations from field competition experiments in 2003 and 2004. INTERCOM more accurately simulated actual field data for the competition of cowpea genotypes and sunflower than companion field experiments for the competition of cowpea and purslane. The validated simulation model of cowpea and sunflower at two densities was used to study the effects of cowpea growth habit on final biomass production of cowpea and sunflower. The model suggested that erect growth habit was more competitive than semi‐erect and prostrate growth habit, when cowpea genotypes were grown with sunflower. Cowpea leaf area distribution was important to higher cowpea biomass production, while cowpea height growth was important to reduce sunflower biomass. Our simulation approach is suggested as a method for crop breeders to gauge the likely success of selection for competitive crops before undertaking expensive long‐term breeding experiments.  相似文献   

Facilitated ankylosis for treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in a Ilama     

JD LILLICH  DE ANDERSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(9):636-638

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Crystal violet swine fever vaccine     

DOYLE TM  WRIGHT EC 《The British veterinary journal》1947,103(12):406-417

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Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes          下载免费PDF全文

HH Shiomi  RO Pinho  DMA Lima  JB Siqueira  MCR Santos  EV Costa  PS Lopes  SEF Guimarães  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):545-553

This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800  g for 10 min and 2400  g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.  相似文献   

Lymphocystis disease in captive barramundi     

M PEARCE  JD HUMPHREY  AD HYATT  LM WILLIAMS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):144-145

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