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1.
Muma JB Samui KL Siamudaala VM Oloya J Matop G Omer MK Munyeme M Mubita C Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(3):195-206
A cross-sectional study was performed in the livestock–wildlife interface areas of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks
and the non-interface area of Kazungula to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp. in domestic ruminants and identify individual animal risk factors of infection. A total of 1245 cattle from 124 herds
and 280 goats and sheep from 29 flocks were tested sequentially for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and competitive ELISA. In cattle, individual seroprevalence ranged from 14.1%
to 28.1%, while herd sero–prevalence ranged from 46.2% to 74.0% in the three study areas. No goat or sheep tested positive
for Brucella antibodies. Three types of cattle grazing strategies were encountered: locally grazed herds (LGH), transhumantly grazed herds
(TGH) and river flood plain grazed herds (FGH). Brucella seroprevalence was seen to vary according to area and grazing strategy: Lochinvar and transhumant grazed herds recorded the
highest figures, respectively. Age, sex and history of abortion were found to have independent effects on individual seroprevalence.
This study establishes that brucellosis is endemic in domestic animals in the livestock–wildlife interface areas of Blue Lagoon
and Lochinvar national parks and the disease is also present in Kazungula. We observed that type of grazing strategy had significant
impact on cattle Brucella seroprevalence and that transhumant herds were at high risk of being infected. 相似文献
2.
Geoffrey Muuka Nadi Songolo Swithine Kabilika Bernard M. Hang’ombe King S. Nalubamba John B. Muma 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):9-15
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a disease of economic importance that is widely distributed in sub-Saharan African and contributes significantly to cattle morbidity and mortality. Control of CBPP offers a number of challenges as a result many developing countries in Africa are still struggling with this disease. In this study, we look at the challenges encountered in CBPP control in sub-Saharan Africa from the Zambian perspective. In conducting this study, we reviewed scientific literature and reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and related animal institutions, and also made interviews with experts and key government officials involved in CBPP control in Zambia. Among the challenges identified for the successful control of CBPP were as follows: failure in the delivery of veterinary services, lack of a cattle identification system, natural phenomenon, livestock husbandry systems in the traditional sector, human movements, traditional practices among cattle farmers and cattle marketing systems. It was seen that the epidemiology of CBPP in Zambia is influenced by both ecological and anthological factors. Therefore, design and implementation of any control or eradication programme should be area/regional-dependent taking into account the different factors influencing disease transmission and maintenance. 相似文献
3.
Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in traditional cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in the Kafue basin of Zambia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Munyeme M Muma JB Skjerve E Nambota AM Phiri IG Samui KL Dorny P Tryland M 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,85(3-4):317-328
We conducted a cross-sectional study from August 2003 to February 2004 to identify risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the Kafue basin of Zambia. We investigated a total of 106 herds of cattle for presence of BTB using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) while an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather epidemiological data on herd structure, management and grazing strategies. BTB prevalence at herd level was estimated and possible risk factors were investigated using the multiple logistic regression model. The true herd level prevalence of BTB was estimated at 49.8% (95% CI: 37.9, 61.7%). The logistic regression model showed that cattle herd BTB status was highly associated with area and husbandry practices. When compared to Kazungula, cattle herds in Blue Lagoon were more likely to test positive for BTB when other factors such as management practices were controlled (OR=10.5). In terms of grazing strategies, transhumant herds (TH) had higher odds (OR=3.0) of being positive compared to sedentary herds (OR=1.0). The results in this study provide preliminary information about potential risk factors that were found to be associated with BTB status in cattle. 相似文献
4.
A A Onifade A A Odunsi G M Babatunde B R Olorede E Muma 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1999,52(1):29-39
Two experiments were completed to compare the supplemental effects of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sub-therapeutic antibiotics in high-fibre and low-protein diets for broiler chicks. In experiment 1, yeast was added at 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g kg-1 while penicillin, tylosin or neoterramycin were added at 150 mg kg-1 into different batches of a high-fibre diet containing 250 g kg-1 palm kernel meal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antibiotics increased BW, BWG, FCR, feed intake, carcass and breast weights above the control. Small intestine weight was reduced by antibiotics, while yeast caused a lower deposition of abdominal fat. Liver weights of different treated broilers were similar. The performance indices were superior on penicillin and 3.0 g kg-1 yeast compared to other supplements evaluated. In the second experiment, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg-1 of yeast, and 0.75 mg kg-1 of procaine penicillin, zinc bacitracin and tylosin were separately added to a 180 g kg-1 crude protein diet. Performance of the chicks with additives was compared with unsupplemented negative and positive controls containing 180 and 210 g kg-1 crude protein respectively. Broilers fed with supplements had superior BW, BWG, FCR and feed intake compared to the negative control, but carcass data were similar. Dietary penicillin increased BW, BWG, feed intake more than other supplements, but yeast stimulated higher FCR. Data from both studies indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae comparatively increased growth and carcass weight and reduce abdominal fat, therefore, it can serve as a natural substitute for antibiotics in broiler diet. 相似文献
5.
Oloya J Opuda-Asibo J Djønne B Muma JB Matope G Kazwala R Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(4):275-283
Responses to tuberculin in Zebu cattle of the transhumant pastoral farming system in Karamoja region and Nakasongola district
in the north-eastern and mid-central regions in Uganda, respectively, were investigated using a comparative intradermal tuberculin
skin test. Of the 1864 cattle tested from 30 large units (superherds) in Karamoja and 7 herds in Nakasongola, a total of 28
animals from 19 herds (51.4%) tested positive. Inter-district tuberculin reactor prevalence variations seemed to be influenced
by climate, with impact on both the management patterns and transmissibility of agent. High herd tuberculin reactor prevalence
(51.4%) was attributed to widespread contacts and mixing of animals between herds. Low individual animal tuberculin test positivity
(mean = 1.4%) was attributed to low transmissibility of the agent under the Karamoja climate, which is semi-arid, and to increased
resistance due to non-specific response to environmental mycobacteria and natural selection, since there was no active control
against bovine tuberculosis. Owing to similarities in management practices in Karamoja and widespread risk factors, it was
difficult to identify which were more important, but variations in sources of drinking water pointed to provision of lake
and borehole water during dry season as reducing the risk. Positive bovine tuberculin reactor prevalence and skin reactor
status were related to age. 相似文献
6.
Munyeme M Muma JB Samui KL Skjerve E Nambota AM Phiri IG Rigouts L Tryland M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(3):345-352
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and animal level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in indigenous cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in Zambia. A total of 944 cattle from 111 herds were investigated. The comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) was used to identify reactor animals for BTB. Animal level data on sex, age, parity and body condition score were registered. The overall animal prevalence of BTB as determined by the CIDT was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2, 9.5%). In Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon areas, animal level prevalence were observed at 5.2% (95% CI: 2.2, 8.2%) and 9.6% (95% CI: 6.1, 13.2%), respectively. Kazungula, an area outside the livestock/wildlife interface, had a prevalence of only 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0, 2.3%). The age of the animal, its body condition score and the type of management system, were predictive of its BTB status. The study revealed that BTB was relatively high in the livestock/wildlife interface areas of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon compared to Kazungula. These findings should raise a serious public health concern considering the extent to which the communities of the study areas are in contact with their animals and the levels at which they use untreated milk. 相似文献
7.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle from smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Matope G Bhebhe E Muma JB Oloya J Madekurozwa RL Lund A Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):975-982
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence of brucellosis and the associated risk factors in cattle
from smallholder dairy farms in Gokwe, Marirangwe, Mushagashe, Nharira, Rusitu and Wedza areas of Zimbabwe. A total of 1,440
cattle from 203 herds were tested serially for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal test and the competitive ELISA. Weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated and risk factors
in individual cattle investigated using logistic regression analysis. The overall individual animal brucellosis seroprevalence
was low, with mean of 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4%, 6.8%). Gokwe had the highest individual (12.6%; 95% CI, 3.9%,
21.4%) and herd-level (40.0%; 95% CI, 22.1%, 58.0%), while Wedza had the lowest individual (2.3%; 95% CI, 0%, 5.3%) and herd-level
(8.0%; 95% CI, 0.0%, 18.9%) brucellosis seroprevalence, respectively. In individual cattle, the area of origin, age and history
of abortion were independently associated with brucellosis seroprevalence. While the seroprevalence was independent of sex,
it decreased with increasing age. Cattle 2–4 years old had higher odds (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1%, 9.1%) of being
seropositive compared to those >7 years. Cows with a history of abortion were more likely to be seropositive (OR = 7.9; 95%
CI, 3.1, 20.1) than controls. In conclusion, the area-to-area variation of brucellosis may be linked to ecological factors
and differences in management practices. The implementation of stamping out policy, bleeding and testing animals before movement
and promoting the use self-contained units are likely to significantly reduce the public health risks associated with Brucella infections in cattle. 相似文献
8.
Evaluation of three serological tests for brucellosis in naturally infected cattle using latent class analysis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Muma JB Toft N Oloya J Lund A Nielsen K Samui K Skjerve E 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,125(1-2):187-192
Serological methods are traditionally used in diagnosis of brucellosis. However, the comparative performance of these tests and their accuracy under the local environment in Zambia has not been assessed. Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three serological tests for brucellosis; Rose Bengal Test (RBT), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) and Fluorescence Polarisation Assay (FPA) in naturally infected cattle in Zambia without an appropriate reference test to classify animals into truly infected and non-infected. Serological test results from a study to determine sero-prevalence were used to compare the performance of RBT, c-ELISA and FPA in diagnosing brucellosis in traditional cattle. Since none of the tests can be seen as a perfect reference test or gold standard, their performance in a population of naturally infected cattle was evaluated using latent class analysis which allows the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) to be estimated in the absence of a gold standard. The highest Se was achieved by the c-ELISA (97%; Credible Posterior Interval (CPI)=93-100%) and the highest Sp by the FPA (93%; CPI=85-99%), conversely these tests also had the lowest Sp and Se, respectively, with the RBT performing well in both the Se (93%; CPI=84-98%) and Sp (81%; CPI=61-97). 相似文献
9.
Chimana Henry M. Muma John Bwalya Samui Kenny L. Hangombe Benard M. Munyeme Musso Matope Gift Phiri Andrew M. Godfroid Jacques Skjerve Eystein Tryland Morten 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1541-1545
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2007 and February 2008 to estimate seroprevalence of brucellosis and
identify risk factors associated with Brucella infections in commercial cattle in three districts of Lusaka province (Chongwe, Luangwa, and Kafue; n = 849) and in one rural district from the Central province (n = 48). A total of 897 serum samples were randomly collected from 55 farms along with animal-level data such as sex, age,
and parity. Sera were screened for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test, and positive samples were confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay. At the animal level, seroprevalence was estimated at 7.9% (95% CI = 4.4–11.4%) in the Lusaka province and 18.7% (95%
CI = 7.5–29.9%) for Chibombo district. Brucellosis seroprevalence varied according to district, with Chongwe district recording
the highest compared to other districts. Seroprevalence also varied according to sex with bulls (n = 96) having higher seroprevalence (12.5%; 95% CI = 3.8–21.1%) compared to females (8.1%; 95% CI = 4.6–11.6). Similarly,
seroprevalence varied according to age groups, with the age category 1–4 years recording the highest (10.7%). The study recorded
relatively low Brucella seroprevalence in commercial farms in Lusaka, compared to the traditional small-scale farms. We suggest that testing and
stamping out of infected animals is likely to improve the situation and significantly reduce the public health risk associated
with Brucella infections in animals. 相似文献
10.
Chisoni Mumba Barbara Häsler John B. Muma Musso Munyeme Doreen Chilolo Sitali Eystein Skjerve Karl M. Rich 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):49-62
Understanding the practices of traditional cattle farmers in developing countries is an important factor in the development of appropriate, pro-poor disease control policies, and in formulating regional-specific production incentives that can improve productivity. This paper describes the production, husbandry practices, economics, and constraints of traditional cattle farming in Zambia. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from traditional cattle farmers (n = 699) using a structured questionnaire. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS and STATA statistical packages. The results revealed that the majority [65% (95% CI: 59.3–71.1)] of farmers practised a transhumant cattle herding system under communal grazing. In these transhumant herding systems, animal husbandry and management systems were found to be of poor quality, in terms of supplementary feeding, vaccination coverage, deworming, uptake of veterinary services, usage of artificial insemination, and dip tanks all being low or absent. East Coast Fever was the most common disease, affecting 60% (95% CI: 56.4–63.7) of farmers. Cattle sales were low, as farmers only sold a median of two cattle per household per year. Crop farming was found to be the main source of farm income (47%) in agro-pastoralist communities, followed by cattle farming (28%) and other sources (25%). The median cost of production in the surveyed provinces was reported at US$316, while that of revenue from cattle and cattle products sales was estimated at US$885 per herd per year. This translates to an estimated gross margin of US$569, representing 64.3% of revenue.There is considerable diversity in disease distribution, animal husbandry practices, economics, and challenges in traditional cattle production in different locations of Zambia. Therefore, to improve the productivity of the traditional cattle sub-sector, policy makers and stakeholders in the beef value chain must develop fit-for-purpose policies and interventions that consider these variations. 相似文献