Bacterial persistence as a phenotypic switch     

Balaban NQ  Merrin J  Chait R  Kowalik L  Leibler S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5690):1622-1625

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Serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP concentration in young exercising thoroughbred racehorses     

Carstanjen B  Amory H  Sulon J  Hars O  Remy B  Langlois P  Lepage OM 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(3):114-120

Bone responds to exercise with changes in bone (re-)modelling, which might be monitored non-invasively with biochemical bone markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise on serum osteocalcin and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen generated by matrix metalloproteinases (CTX-MMP) concentration in young racehorses. Seventy-one 2 to 4-year-old Thoroughbreds were included in this prospective infield study. Blood sampling was performed six times (i.e. six sampling cycles) during a 9-month period. Serum samples were analysed with commercial osteocalcin and CTX-MMP radioimmunoassays. Two-year-old racehorses had higher serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values than 3-year-old horses. Gender and training amplitude did not significantly influence serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values. Two-year-old horses showed an increase in osteocalcin values between cycles 2 and 3 and an increase in serum CTX-MMP values between cycles 1 and 2. Serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP concentrations decreased between cycles 4 and 5, and 5 and 6. Three-year-old horses showed an increase in serum osteocalcin levels between cycles 3 and 4 and an increase in serum CTX-MMP concentrations between cycles 1 and 2, and 3 and 4. Serum osteocalcin levels decreased between cycles 5 and 6, whereas serum CTX-MMP levels decreased between cycles 4 and 5, and 5 and 6. Two- and three-year-old horses showed a decreased osteocalcin/CTX-MMP ratio between cycles 1 and 2. Moreover, 2-year-old horses showed an increase in the osteocalcin/CTX-MMP ratio between cycles 2 and 3. Sore shin formation did not significantly influence serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values. Serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP are promising bone markers for monitoring exercise induced changes in equine bone metabolism.  相似文献   

Postpartum Variations of Plasma IGF and IGFBPs,Oocyte Production and Quality in Dairy Cows: Relationships With Parity and Subsequent Fertility     

B Grimard  B Marquant‐Leguienne  D Remy  C Richard  F Nuttinck  P Humblot  AA Ponter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):183-194

The aim of this study was to determine whether postpartum variations of plasma IGF‐1 and IGFBP concentrations, oocyte production and quality were related to parity and subsequent conception rate in Holstein dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows [10 primiparous (PP) and 22 multiparous (MP)] were allotted in six batches and sampled once weekly between calving and oestrous synchronization treatment started at 71.2 ± 2.0 days postpartum. During the 3 weeks before treatment, ovum pick‐up (OPU) was performed twice weekly. Oocytes were scored on a 4‐point scale, and oocytes from OPU1, 3 and 5 were fertilized in vitro. Seventeen cows became pregnant after first and second AI and were considered as fertile (F), while the others were considered to be subfertile (SF). Logistic regression was carried out to investigate the relationships between repeated measurements and fertility including parity and batch effects in the models. Likelihood of fertility significantly increased when plasma urea and IGFBP‐3 concentrations decreased and was higher in PP compared with MP cows. There was a trend for fertility to increase when plasma IGF‐1 concentrations increased (p = 0.07). In vitro cleavage and development rates were similar between SF and F cows (46.4% and 28.3% in SF vs 55.0% and 22.1% in F). Parity had an effect on plasma IGF‐1 concentrations (PP: 61.65 ± 2.67 vs MP: 41.63 ± 5.81 ng/ml, p < 0.001), mean number of follicles aspirated per session (PP: 5.7 ± 1.3 vs MP: 9.5 ± 0.8, p < 0.05) and fertility (PP: 8/10 = 80% vs MP: 9/22 = 41%, p < 0.05) but not on the number of oocytes recovered per session nor their quality. In conclusion, postpartum plasma urea and IGFBP‐3 concentrations, but not oocyte production and quality before breeding, were related to subsequent conception rate in our experimental design. Parity had a significant effect on energy status, follicular growth and fertility and needs to be considered when investigating relationships between nutrition and reproduction.  相似文献   

Transiliac approach for exposure of lumbosacral intervertebral disk and foramen: technique description     

Carozzo C  Cachon T  Genevois JP  Fau D  Remy D  Daniaux L  Collard F  Viguier E 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(1):27-31

Objective— To describe and evaluate a transiliac approach to the L7–S1 disk and intervertebral foramen in dogs.
Study Design— Cadaver study.
Animals— Fresh canine cadavers (n=10).
Methods— A craniolateral approach was made to each iliac wing of 10 fresh canine mixed breed cadavers. An 18 mm hole was drilled in a standardized position through the iliac wing. The musculature connected to the cranial aspects of the sacral wing was dissected and retracted cranially through this iliac window. Endoscopic exploration of the area was performed.
Results— The foramen and intervertebral disk were clearly observed in all specimens without iatrogenic injury of the L7 nerve branch. Access to the foramen was possible in 16 of 20 specimens without excision of the sacral wing; however, it was always partially excised to observe the intervertebral disk which lies more caudally and ventrally.
Conclusion— Transiliac approach to the lumbosacral joint allows direct exposure of the intervertebral disk and foramen through an iliac window. Endoscopic exploration provided good observation of the intervertebral disk and/or foramen.
Clinical Relevance— Transiliac approach could be used for lateral corpectomy and foraminotomy in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis caused by ventral or ventrolateral disk protrusion, foramen stenosis, or OCD of the L7–S1 joint. Clinical study will be necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this approach.  相似文献   

Dietary zinc concentration and lipopolysaccharide injection affect circulating trace minerals,acute phase protein response,and behavior as evaluated by an ear-tag–based accelerometer in beef steers     

Katherine R VanValin  Remy N Carmichael-Wyatt  Erin L Deters  Elizabeth M Messersmith  Katie J Heiderscheit  Katherine G Hochmuth  Trey D Jackson  Joshua M Peschel  Anna K Johnson  Stephanie L Hansen 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(10)

To assess plasma trace mineral (TM) concentrations, the acute phase protein response, and behavior in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, 96 Angus cross steers (average initial body weight [BW]: 285 ± 14.4 kg) were sorted into two groups by BW (heavy and light; n = 48/group), fitted with an ear-tag–based accelerometer (CowManager SensOor; Agis, Harmelen, Netherlands), and stagger started 14 d apart. Consecutive day BW was recorded to start the 24-d trial (days −1 and 0). Dietary treatments began on day 0: common diet with either 30 (Zn30) or 100 (Zn100) mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZnSO₄). On day 17, steers received one of the following injection treatments intravenously to complete the 2 × 3 factorial: 1) SALINE (~2–3 mL of physiological saline), 2) LOWLPS: 0.25 µg LPS/kg BW, or 3) HIGHLPS: 0.375 µg LPS/kg BW. Blood, rectal temperature (RT), and BW were recorded on day 16 (−24 h relative to injection), and BW was used to assign injection treatment. Approximately 6, 24 (day 18), and 48 (day 19) h after treatment, BW, RT, and blood were collected, and final BW recorded on day 24. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, injection, diet × injection; for BW, RT, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma TM, and haptoglobin-repeated measures analysis were used to evaluate effects over time. Area under the curve analysis determined by GraphPad Prism was used for analysis of accelerometer data. Body weight was unaffected by diet or injection (P ≥ 0.16), but there was an injection × time effect for DMI and RT (P < 0.05), where DMI decreased in both LPS treatments on day 16, but recovered by day 17, and RT was increased in LPS treatments 6 h post-injection. Steers receiving LPS spent less time highly active and eating than SALINE (P < 0.01). Steers in HIGHLPS spent lesser time ruminating, followed by LOWLPS and then SALINE (P < 0.001). An injection × time effect (P < 0.001) for plasma Zn showed decreased concentrations within 6 h of injection and remained decreased through 24 h before recovering by 48 h. A tendency for a diet × time effect (P = 0.06) on plasma Zn suggests plasma Zn repletion occurred at a greater rate in Zn100 compared to Zn30. These results suggest that increased supplemental Zn may alter the rate of recovery of Zn status from an acute inflammatory event. Additionally, ear-tag–based accelerometers used in this study were effective at detecting sickness behavior in feedlot steers, and rumination may be more sensitive than other variables.  相似文献   

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for floral scent compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)     

Mebeaselassie Andargie  Jette T. Knudsen  Remy S. Pasquet  Bhavani S. Gowda  Geoffrey M. Muluvi  Michael P. Timko 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(1):92-100

Floral scent is a very important trait in plant evolution. Currently, little is known about the inheritance of floral scent in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) or changes that might have occurred during its domestication. Therefore, we analysed scent volatiles and molecular markers in a population of 159 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of a domesticated blackeye cowpea cultivar, ‘524B’ and a wild accession ‘219‐01’. Using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) 23 volatile compounds were identified that fall into five general functional categories. Twenty‐two of the compounds displayed quantitative variation in the progeny, and a total of 63 QTLs influencing the amounts of these volatiles were mapped onto the cowpea genetic marker map. Although QTLs for volatile compounds putatively involved in cowpea flower scent were found on 9 of the 11 cowpea chromosomes, they were not evenly distributed with QTLs mainly clustered on LGs 1, LGs 2 and LG 4. Our results serve as a starting point for both more detailed analyses of complex scent biosynthetic pathways and the development of markers for marker‐assisted breeding of scented rose varieties.  相似文献   

Two new tryptamine derivatives, leptoclinidamide and (-)-leptoclinidamine B, from an Indonesian ascidian Leptoclinides dubius     

Yamazaki H  Wewengkang DS  Nishikawa T  Rotinsulu H  Mangindaan RE  Namikoshi M 《Marine drugs》2012,10(2):349-357

Two new tryptamine-derived alkaloids, named as leptoclinidamide (1) and (-)-leptoclinidamine B (2), were isolated from an Indonesian ascidian Leptoclinides dubius together with C2-α-D-mannosylpyranosyl-L-tryptophan (3). The structure of 1 was assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data for 1 and its N-acetyl derivative (4). Compound 1 was an amide of tryptamine with two β-alanine units. Although the planar structure of 2 is identical to that of the known compound (+)-leptoclinidamine B (5), compound 2 was determined to be the enantiomer of 5 based on amino acid analysis using HPLC methods. Compounds 1 to 4 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, HCT-15 (colon) and Jurkat (T-cell lymphoma) cells, but none of the compounds showed activity.  相似文献   

Inhibitory Effect of N,N-Didesmethylgrossularine-1 on Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells     

Taiko Oda  Jong-Soo Lee  Yuta Sato  Yasuaki Kabe  Satoshi Sakamoto  Hiroshi Handa  Remy E. P. Mangindaan  Michio Namikoshi 《Marine drugs》2009,7(4):589-599

N,N-Didesmethylgrossularine-1 (DDMG-1), a compound with a rare α-carboline structure, was isolated from an Indonesian ascidian Polycarpa aurata as responsible for the observed inhibitory activity against TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. DDMG-1 inhibited the mRNA level of mTNF-α, IκB-α degradation, and binding of NF-κB to the target DNA site in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, DDMG-1 had an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-8, which is produced in CD14⁺-THP-1 cells stimulated by LPS. DDMG-1 is thus a promising drug candidate lead compound for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.  相似文献   

Effect of Repeated Use of Progestagen-PMSG Treatment for Estrus Control in Dairy Goats out of Breeding Season   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Baril  B. Remy  J.C. Vallet  J.F. Beckers 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1992,27(3):161-168

Contents In order to analyze the effects of repeated use of progestagen-PMSG treatment, estrus and pregnancy results have been analyzed for 1989 in a Saânen dairy goat herd in which breeding takes place each year out of season after FGA/PMSG treatment. After the first 1989 treatment (169 goats), percentage of goats showing estrus and kidding have been lower for 59 multiparous than for 46 primiparous and 64 nulliparous females. Moreover, when 38 goats are treated for a second time in 1989, 44.7% exhibited estrus vs 71.0% after the first treatment (P < 0.05). The PMSG binding level before the 1st 1989 treatment is higher for multiparous (17.5 ± 23.1%) than nulli and primiparous (-0.06 ± 0.7 and 1.2 ± 1.9%) and is increased for all parities after treatment (23.2 ± 26.4 after vs 5.7 ± 15.0% before, P < 0.01). For nulliparous and primiparous females; PMSG binding levels are not different for pregnant or not pregnant nulliparous and primiparous goats. On the opposite, PMSG binding rates are higher in non pregnant (25.7 ± 23.3) than in pregnant multiparous goats (6.5 ± 15.9) (P < 0.01). However, when the binding rate is ≤ 5.12% (computerized distributions) multiparous goats exhibit estrus and pregnancy at levels not different from nulliparous or primiparous females (% estrus 95.8 vs 100 or 97.8%, % pregnancy 66.7 vs 70.3 and 63.0% respectively). Repeated use of PMSG during the female life or during one given year leads to active immunization against PMSG (as measured by percentage of binding of PMSG in plasma) decreasing the efficiency of ovarian stimulation out of breeding season. Inhalt: Einfluß einer wiederholten Progestagen/PMSG Behandlung zur Östruskontrolle außerhalb der Paarungssaison bei Milchziegen Um den Einfluß wiederholter Progestagen-PMSG-Behandlung zu prüfen, wurden Östrus und Trächtigkeitsergebnisse in einer Saanen Ziegenherde für das Jahr 1989 analysiert. Bei den untersuchten Tier en wird die Bedeckung jedes Jahr außerhalb der Saison nach FGA/PMSG-Behandlung vorgenommen. Nach der ersten Behandlung 1989 (169 Ziegen) war der Prozentsatz Ziegen, die einen Östrus zeigten und ablammten, bei 59 multiparen niedriger als bei 46 primiparen und 64 nulliparen Tieren. Darüber hinaus zeigten von 38 Ziegen nach einer zweiten Behandlung 1989 zu 44,7% einen Östrus gegenüber 71% nach der ersten Behandlung (p < 0,05). Die Bindungsfähigkeit für PMSG war bei der ersten Behandlung bei den multiparen Tieren höher (17,5 ± 23,1%) als bei nulli- und primiparen Tieren (-0,06 ± 0,7% und 1,2 ± 1,9%) und stieg für alle Tiere nach der Behandlung an (23,2 ± 26,4% nach zu 5,7 ± 15,0% vor der Behandlung, p < 0,01). Die PMSG Bindungsfähigkeit war nicht unterschiedlich bei tragenden und nichttragenden nulli- und primiparen Tieren. Dagegen waren die PMSG Bindungsraten bei nichttragenden Ziegen (25,7 ± 23,3%) höher als bei tragenden multiparen Tieren (6,5 ± 15,9%) (p < 0,01). Wenn allerdings die Bindungsraten unter 5,12% (Computerverteilung) sinkt, zeigen multipare Ziegen Östrus und Trächtigkeitsraten, die sich von multiparen und primiparen Tieren nicht unterscheiden (Östrus < 95,8% gegen 100 bzw. 97,8%; Trächtigkeit: 66,7% gegen 70,3 bzw. 63%). Wiederholter Gebrauch von PMSG, auch schon eine Applikation innerhalb eines Jahres führt zur Immunisierung gegenüber PMSG (gemessen an dem Prozentsatz Bindungsvermögen im Plasma) und senkt die Effektivität der ovariellen Stimulation außerhalb der Saison.  相似文献   

Devonian gametophytes with anatomically preserved gametangia     

Remy W  Remy R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,208(4441):295-296

The oldest anatomically preserved and physiologically apparently independent gametophytes are described from the Lower Devonian of Scotland. These gametophytes have upright, leafless axes with terminally borne, bowl-shaped game-tangiophores. The antheridia are stalked and their walls are multicellular. The archegonia are clustered in groups on common bases.  相似文献