Effects of prenatal stress on corticosteroid receptors and monoamine concentrations in limbic areas of suckling piglets (Sus scrofa) at different ages     

Kanitz E  Otten W  Tuchscherer M  Manteuffel G 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(3):132-139

The present study was conducted in order to reveal the effects of prenatal stress on the central stress regulation in domestic pigs by measuring changes in corticosteroid receptor binding and monoamine concentrations in different limbic brain regions. Pregnant sows were subjected to a restraint stress for 5 min daily during the last 5 weeks of gestation. Maternal stress resulted in a significantly higher number of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, but decreased glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus of the offspring at the first postnatal day. No alterations of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptors were found. There was also no significant effect of prenatal stress on the brain monoamine concentrations. Prenatally stressed piglets showed lower basal plasma cortisol and increased corticosteroid binding globulin concentrations at the third postnatal day indicating decreased free cortisol concentrations after birth. Morbidity and mortality during the suckling period were significantly increased in prenatally stressed litters, as shown by a higher frequency of diseased and died piglets per litter. In conclusion, the results indicate that in pigs restraint stress during late gestation affects the ontogeny of the foetal neuroendocrine feedback system with consequences for the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function and the vitality of the offspring.  相似文献   

Follicular and oocyte development in gilts of different age     

Brüssow KP  Rátky J  Torner H  Egerszegi I  Schneider F  Solti L  Tuchscherer A 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2002,50(1):101-110

The aim of the present study was to estimate follicular and oocyte development of the same gilts in three phases of their reproductive life--prepuberal gilt (6 months old), cycling gilt (9.5 months old) and primiparous sow. Follicular development was induced by injections of 1000 IU PMSG followed by 500 IU hCG 72 h later. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were recovered from preovulatory follicles of the left ovary, and follicular fluid (FF) from the right ovary always 34 h after hCG by endoscopy. Altogether, 19 gilts were used in the prepuberal (P) and cycling (C) trials and 12 of them in the primiparous trial (S). Altogether 168, 190 and 82 follicles were aspirated from the left ovary and 106, 125 and 42 COCs recovered (recovery rate 60.5 +/- 26.9, 62.7 +/- 20.9 and 52.9 +/- 21.8%). The average number of follicles was higher in C compared to P (19.7 +/- 6.8 vs. 15.7 +/- 6.8, p = 0.06) and to S (14.2 +/- 4.0, p < 0.05), respectively. More uniform expanded COCs were aspirated from prepuberal and cycling gilts as compared to sows (89.7 and 78.4% vs. 46.3%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the meiotic configuration in oocytes differed (p < 0.05) between these groups (55.5 and 61.7% vs. 0% Telo 1/Meta 2). Concentrations of progesterone in FF decreased (p < 0.05) from 590.0 +/- 333.6 (P) to 249.1 +/- 72.6 (C) and 161.4 +/- 75.2 ng/ml (S). FF concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta were different between gilts and sows (9.3 +/- 2.9, 21.9 +/- 10.6 and 94.0 +/- 15.9 pg/ml, p < 0.05). The progesterone/oestradiol ratio was 72.1, 15.2 and 4.7. Results indicate a different follicular and oocyte development during the investigated lifetime periods. Cycling gilts should preferably be used in IVF and breeding programs. The lower reproductive potential of primiparous sows is taken into consideration at breeding. Prediction of lifetime performance based on individual ovarian reaction of prepuberal gilts is unsuitable.  相似文献   

Goat paratuberculosis in Chile: first isolation and confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a dairy goat.     

Juan Kruze  Miguel Salgado  Enrique Paredes  Armin Mella  Michael T Collins 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(5):476-479

In October 2004, 41 goats > 2 years old from a Saanen dairy goat herd located in Purranque County, 10th Region, Chile, were sampled and tested for paratuberculosis. While collecting samples it was observed that several goats were thin and emaciated. One goat was sufficiently debilitated to warrant humane euthanasia. This animal was brought to the Veterinary School at the Universidad Austral de Chile for necropsy. The goat selected for necropsy was a 12-year-old doe. The animal showed classical clinical signs of caprine paratuberculosis: emaciation despite willingness to eat, dry and rough hair coat, and no evidence of diarrhea. Gross pathology and histopathology of the necropsied goat were consistent with paucibacillary paratuberculosis. Bacteriology, serology, and PCR confirmed the diagnosis. This is the first published report of goat paratuberculosis in Chile confirming a case of caprine paucibacillary paratuberculosis.  相似文献   

Repeated administrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone during gestation in gilts: Effects on growth, behaviour and immune responses of their piglets     

Winfried Otten  Ellen Kanitz  Margret Tuchscherer  Birger Puppe  Gerd Nürnberg 《Livestock Science》2007,106(2-3):261-270

This study investigated whether repeated administrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during mid or late gestation, a treatment which induces endogenous cortisol release, affect growth performance, early vitality, open-field behaviour and immune responses of neonatal pigs. Administrations of ACTH (100 IU per animal, Synacthen^® Depot) were given intramuscularly to gilts every second day either during mid (Day 49 until 75, Experiment 1) or late gestation (Day 85 until 107, Experiment 2). Control gilts received repeated injections of saline. The repeated ACTH stimulation of gilts during late gestation significantly reduced their daily weight gain during this period, but not when applied during mid gestation. Gestation length, number of born piglets and vitality measures of the newborn piglets, such as the rectal temperatures after birth and times elapsed between birth and first udder contact or milk uptake were not affected by the prenatal treatments. Administration of ACTH during late but not during mid gestation significantly increased the birth weights of piglets, and this difference in postnatal body weight was detectable until an age of 21 days. In addition, only the stimulation with ACTH during late gestation had an immunosuppressive effect on the lymphocyte proliferation of piglets 1 day after birth in response to the T-cell mitogen ConA and, in tendency, on the proliferation in response to the B-cell mitogen LPS. Twenty-four day old piglets from gilts treated during late gestation showed significantly more escape behaviour in an open-field than piglets from control litters. In conclusion, elevated maternal glucocorticoid levels during critical periods of prenatal development in pigs may affect prenatal growth, cell-mediated immunity and emotional reactivity in the neonatal piglets. The occurrence of these effects depends on the timing of increased maternal cortisol levels during gestation.  相似文献   

Contrasting rooting patterns of some arid-zone fruit tree species from Botswana – I. Fine root distribution     

Armin L.?OppeltEmail author  Winfried?Kurth  Georg?Jentschke  Douglas?L.?Godbold 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,65(1):1-11

To assess the possible degree of root competition from fruit trees which could potentially be used in agroforestry systems, fine root density of fruit trees Strychnos cocculoides Bak., Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae) and Vangueria infausta Burch. (Rubiaceae), as well as from the shrubby species, Grewia flava DC. (Tiliaceae) was investigated. Vangueria infausta had the highest fine root densities in both vertical and horizontal extensions. In Vangueria infausta fine root density decreased with increasing soil depth. For the other species in the 80 cm soil profile investigated, no significant changes in fine root density with soil depth were found. For Strychnos cocculoides almost no fine roots were detected in the upper soil horizon (0–20 cm). Using fine root surface area densities, exploration and exploitation indices were calculated. Vangueria infausta had the highest value of the exploration index compared to the other species. For use in agroforestry systems Vangueria infausta was estimated to be the most competitive of the investigated species, whereas Strychnos cocculoides seems to be the less competitive. Strychnos cocculoides has additionally spatial arrangements of fine roots favourable for agroforestry, slowly increasing with depth and additionally low concentrations in upper soil layers.  相似文献   

Composition of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal canine lymph nodes          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara C. Rütgen  Ramona König  Sabine E. Hammer  Sandra Groiss  Armin Saalmüller  Ilse Schwendenwein 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(1):58-69

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The Schmallenberg virus epidemic in Europe—2011–2013     

Ana Afonso  Jose Cortinas Abrahantes  Franz Conraths  Anouk Veldhuis  Armin Elbers  Helen Roberts  Yves Van der Stede  Estelle Méroc  Kristel Gache  Jane Richardson 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

During the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) epidemic, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) collected data on SBV occurrence across Europe in order to provide an assessment of spread and impact. By May 2013, twenty-nine countries were reporting to EFSA and twenty-two countries had reported cases of SBV. The total number of SBV herds reported was 13,846 and the number of SBV laboratory confirmed herds was 8730. The surveillance activities were based on the detection of SBV clinical cases (either adults or newborns). Malformation in newborns was the most commonly reported clinical sign of SBV-infection. All countries were able to provide the date when the first suspicion of SBV in the herd was reported and nineteen could report the location of the herd at a regional level. This allowed the spread of SBV in Europe to be measured both temporally and spatially. The number of SBV confirmed herds started to increase in December 2011 and two peaks were observed in 2012 (February and May). Confirmed herds continued to be reported in 2012 and into 2013. An increase during winter 2012 and spring 2013 was again observed, but the number of confirmed herds was lower than in the previous year. SBV spread rapidly throughout Europe from the initial area of detection. SBV was detected above the latitude of 60° North, which exceeds the northern expansion observed during the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epidemic in 2006–2009. The impact of SBV was calculated as ratio of the number of herds with at least one malformed SBV positive foetus and the total number of herds in this region. The 75th percentile of the malformations ratio in the various affected countries for the whole reporting period was below 1% and 3% for cattle and sheep herds, respectively. International data collection on emerging diseases represents a challenge as the nature of available data, data quality and the proportion of reported cases may vary widely between affected countries. Surveillance activities on emerging animal diseases are often structured only for case detection making the estimation of infection/diseases prevalence and the investigation of risk factors difficult. The impact of the disease must be determined to allow risk managers to take appropriate decisions. Simple within-herd impact indicators suitable for emerging disease outbreaks should be defined that could be measured as part of routine animal health surveillance programmes and allow for rapid and reliable impact assessment of emerging animal health diseases.  相似文献   

Confirmation of spatial patterns and temperature effects in Bluetongue virus serotype-8 transmission in NW-Europe from the 2007 reported case data     

Gert Jan Boender  Thomas J Hagenaars  Armin RW Elbers  J?rn M Gethmann  Estelle Meroc  Helene Guis  Aline A de Koeijer 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

Two separate analyses were carried out to understand the epidemiology of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) in 2007 in North West Europe: First, the temporal change in transmission rates was compared to the evolution of temperature during that season. Second, we evaluated the spatio-temporal dynamics of newly reported outbreaks, to estimate a spatial transmission kernel. For both analyses, the approach as used before in analysing the 2006 BTV-8 epidemic had to be adapted in order to take into account the fact that the 2007 epidemic was not a newly arising epidemic, but one advancing from whereto it had already spread in 2006. We found that within the area already affected by the 2006 outbreak, the pattern of newly infected farms in 2007 cannot be explained by between-farm transmission, but rather by local re-emergence of the virus throughout that region. This indicates that persistence through winter was ubiquitous for BTV-8. Just like in 2006, we also found that the temperature at which the infection starts to spread lies close to 15 °C. Finally, we found that the shape of the transmission kernel is in line with the one from the 2006 epidemic. In conclusion, despite the substantial differences between 2006 and 2007 in temperature patterns (2006 featured a heat wave in July, whereas 2007 was more regular) and spatial epidemic extent, both the minimum temperature required for transmission and the transmission kernel were similar to those estimated for the 2006 outbreak, indicating that they are robust properties, suitable for extrapolation to other years and similar regions.  相似文献   

Bestimmung einiger Parameter des kapillaren Feuchtigkeitstransports in porösen Baustoffen. Teil 1: Herleitung der Stoffparameter     

Armin Wagner  Konrad Niesel  Christian Kowalec 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(4):375-377

Determining some parameters of capillary moisture transport in porous building materials. Part 1: Deriving the material parameters Various relevant material parameters were defined and their mutual correlations pointed out. By means of simple mathematical approaches, one can calculate several characteristic data such as e.g. water absorption and water penetration coefficients, water capacity, capillary rise maximum, velocity of the rising liquid front and post-suction time.  相似文献   

Silicon concentration in spruce needles     

Armin Wyttenbach  Leonhard Tobler  Sixto Bajo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1991,154(4):253-258

The Si concentration in 1 year old needles from Norway spruce (P. abies) was determined at 39 sites within an area of 150 km². The sites had uniform elevation, precipitation and immission characteristics. The mean value was 1423 μg Si g^?1, and the coefficient of variation between sites was 29 %. There was no correlation of Si concentration in needles with soil pH in the range of pH 3.5 to 7.6, but significant negative correlations with soil organic matter concentration and with the effective cation exchange capacity were found. Silicon in needles correlated positively with Al, La, and Fe in needles, but showed no correlation with 20 other elements. The seasonal variation of Si concentration in needles showed a nonuniform increase with time. The seasonal changes of Si were similar to those of Ca. The investigation of 4 successive needle age classes, however, showed a strictly linear increase of the Si concentrations.  相似文献