Chemical structures of the condensed tannins in the fruits of Diospyros species     

Fumiaki Nakatsubo  Kenichi Enokita  Koji Murakami  Keizo Yonemori  Akira Sugiura  Naoki Utsunomiya  Suranant Subhadrabandhu 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(5):414-418

The structural variety of the condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in the fruits of 16Diospyros species are reported. Eleven species contained condensed tannins mostly consisting of a mixture of catechin (CA) and gallocatechin (GCA) repeating units; the other five species did not. The GCA content in the CA-GCA total varied from 0.3% to 84.6%. The number of esterified gallic acid per one flavan repeating unit (degree of galloylation, DG) ranged from 0.01 to 0.89. The GCA content was found to be proportional to the DG values. Thus, 16Diospyros species tested may be classified into five groups by the analytical data of their condensed tannins. It may be interesting to compare their structural characteristics with those of the condensed tannins in other fruits, leaves, woods, and barks from the viewpoint of their biosynthesis and function in the plants.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1995  相似文献   

Fertility Results of Artificial Inseminations Performed with Liquid Boar Semen Stored in X-Cell^TM vs BTS Extender     

T Haugan  AH Gaustad  O Reksen  YT Gröhn  PO Hofmo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):94-99

The objective of the present field study was to compare the fertility results for boar semen diluted in X-cell stored up to 4-5 days before artificial insemination (AI) with semen diluted in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) used for AI following 2-3 days of storage (where the first day being the collection day). A total number of 2601 double inseminations in Norwegian herds were included in this two-trial study. All the boars used in the study were mature cross-bred Norwegian Landrace x Duroc (LD), which were routinely used for AI in Norway. The inseminated gilts and sows were Norwegian Landrace x Yorkshire (LY). The AI doses contained 2.5 billion spermatozoa, and consisted of a mixture of semen from three, occasionally four, boars (i.e. heterospermic semen). Fertility was measured in terms of the likelihood of farrowing and subsequent litter size. The fertility of the semen in both of the extenders was satisfactory and no significant differences were found either in semen stored 4-5 days in X-cell compared with 2-3 days in BTS or in semen stored 2-3 days in X-cell compared with 2-3 days in BTS. The storage capability findings for the long-term extender X-cell could significantly simplify the practical issues of semen production and the distribution of AI doses containing 2.5 billion spermatozoa. However, in pig production systems where all semen is used within 2-3 days, the short-term extender BTS is as good as the more expensive extender X-cell.  相似文献   

GENETICS. The Human Variome Project     

Cotton RG  Auerbach AD  Axton M  Barash CI  Berkovic SF  Brookes AJ  Burn J  Cutting G  den Dunnen JT  Flicek P  Freimer N  Greenblatt MS  Howard HJ  Katz M  Macrae FA  Maglott D  Möslein G  Povey S  Ramesar RS  Richards CS  Seminara D  Smith TD  Sobrido MJ  Solbakk JH  Tanzi RE  Tavtigian SV  Taylor GR  Utsunomiya J  Watson M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5903):861-862

An ambitious plan to collect, curate, and make accessible information on genetic variations affecting human health is beginning to be realized.  相似文献   

A genomewide association mapping study using ultrasound‐scanned information identifies potential genomic regions and candidate genes affecting carcass traits in Nellore cattle          下载免费PDF全文

M.H.A. Santana  R.V. Ventura  Y.T. Utsunomiya  H.H.R. Neves  P.A. Alexandre  G.A. Oliveira Junior  R.C. Gomes  M.N. Bonin  L.L. Coutinho  J.F. Garcia  S.L. Silva  H. Fukumasu  P.R. Leme  J.B.S. Ferraz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):420-427

The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes and genomic regions associated with ultrasound‐derived measurements of the rib‐eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT) and rumpfat thickness (RFT) in Nellore cattle. Data from 640 Nellore steers and young bulls with genotypes for 290 863 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for genomewide association mapping. Significant SNP associations were explored to find possible candidate genes related to physiological processes. Several of the significant markers detected were mapped onto functional candidate genes including ARFGAP3, CLSTN2 and DPYD for REA; OSBPL3 and SUDS3 for BFT; and RARRES1 and VEPH1 for RFT. The physiological pathway related to lipid metabolism (CLSTN2, OSBPL3, RARRES1 and VEPH1) was identified. The significant markers within previously reported QTLs reinforce the importance of the genomic regions, and the other loci offer candidate genes that have not been related to carcass traits in previous investigations.  相似文献   

Changes in the aroma compounds of sake during aging     

Isogai A  Utsunomiya H  Kanda R  Iwata H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):4118-4123

Changes in the aroma of sake during aging were investigated by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and quantitative analysis using the stir bar sorptive extraction method. In AEDA, more odor zones were detected in aged sake than in fresh sake. The dilution factors of aldehydes, polysulfides, and some esters were greater in the aged sake, and their increase during aging was confirmed through a quantitative analysis of sake stored for 0-35 years. Among these compounds, 3-methylbutanal, methional, and dimethyltrisulfide (DMTS) were present in aged sake at concentrations exceeding their odor thresholds, and the highest odor active value was observed for DMTS. Sensory tests showed that supplementation with DMTS contributed to both the total odor intensity and the sulfury odor of aged sake aroma.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of systemic Mycobacterium avium infection in pigs through histological analysis of hepatic lesions     

Hibiya K  Utsunomiya K  Yoshida T  Toma S  Higa F  Tateyama M  Fujita J 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2010,74(4):252-257

Mycobacterium avium causes systemic infections through primary intestinal lesions in pigs. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood. The aim of this study was to confirm the effects on swine after enteral infection. One hundred and twelve pigs with hepatic lesions infected with M. avium were used in this study. We investigated the involvement of other organs and the distribution of hepatic lesions in the lobular structure. Most lesions involved the mesenteric lymph nodes. Hepatic lymph nodes were the secondary nodes involved. In 74 cases (66.1%), the hepatic lesions were predominantly distributed in the portal tract of the affected livers. The other 38 cases (33.9%) showed granulomatous lesions in the hepatic lobule. Many cases showed interface hepatitis. There was a significant relationship between focal lesions within hepatic lobule and splenic lesions. These findings suggest that granulomatous lesions formed in hepatic lobules upon establishment of bacteremia in pigs systemically infected with M. avium.  相似文献   

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships in Mangifera by restriction site analysis of an amplified region of cpDNA     

Wichan Eiadthong  Keizo Yonemori  Akira Sugiura  Naoki Utsunomiya  Suranant Subhadrabandhu 《Scientia Horticulturae》1999,80(3-4):145-155

The phylogenetic relationship of 13 Mangifera species collected in Thailand were examined. Among these species, M. foetida, M. odorata, and M. sylvatica have been cultivated as fruit crops for local markets in Thailand, as well as M. indica (common mango). The other nine wild species also seem to have potential values as rootstocks and breeding materials for tolerance to critical environmental conditions. By restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a particular region of cpDNA, these species were classified into two groups. The first group consisted of M. indica and M. sylvatica, and the second group consisted of M. caloneura, M. cochinchinensis, M. collina, M. flava, M. foetida, M. gedebe, M. griffithii, M. macrocarpa, M. oblongifolia, M. odorata, and M. pentandra. The species belonging to the same group are monomorphic for 20 restriction enzymes tested. The present study indicated low diversity in the amplified region of cpDNA among Mangifera species tested, even though the species in the second group were scattered to different subgenera and sections.  相似文献   

Colloid transport of plutonium in the far-field of the Mayak Production Association, Russia     

Novikov AP  Kalmykov SN  Utsunomiya S  Ewing RC  Horreard F  Merkulov A  Clark SB  Tkachev VV  Myasoedov BF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):638-641

Sorption of actinides, particularly plutonium, onto submicrometer-sized colloids increases their mobility, but these plutonium colloids are difficult to detect in the far-field. We identified actinides on colloids in the groundwater from the Mayak Production Association, Urals, Russia; at the source, the plutonium activity is approximately 1000 becquerels per liter. Plutonium activities are still 0.16 becquerels per liter at a distance of 3 kilometers, where 70 to 90 mole percent of the plutonium is sorbed onto colloids, confirming that colloids are responsible for the long-distance transport of plutonium. Nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry elemental maps reveal that amorphous iron oxide colloids adsorb Pu(IV) hydroxides or carbonates along with uranium carbonates.  相似文献   

Effects of breed proportion and components of heterosis for semen traits in a composite cattle breed          下载免费PDF全文

N. Khayatzadeh  G. Mészáros  Y. T. Utsunomiya  F. Schmitz‐Hsu  F. Seefried  U. Schnyder  M. Ferenčaković  J. F. Garcia  I. Curik  J. Sölkner 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(1):45-53

The aim of this study was to estimate the non‐additive genetic effects of the dominance component of heterosis as well as epistatic loss on semen traits in admixed Swiss Fleckvieh, a composite of Simmental (SI) and Red Holstein Friesian (RHF) cattle. Heterosis is the additional gain in productivity or fitness of cross‐bred progeny over the mid‐purebred parental populations. Intralocus gene interaction usually has a positive effect, while epistatic loss generally reduces productivity or fitness due to lack of evolutionarily established interactions of genes from different breeds. Genotypic data on 38,205 SNP of 818 admixed, as well as 148 RHF and 213 SI bulls as the parental breeds were used to predict breed origin of alleles. The genomewide locus‐specific breed ancestries of individuals were used to calculate effects of breed difference as well as the dominance component of heterosis, while proxies for two definitions of epistatic loss were derived from 100,000 random pairs of loci. The average Holstein Friesian ancestry in admixed bulls was estimated 0.82. Results of fitting different linear mixed models showed including the dominance component of heterosis considerably improved the model adequacy for three of the four traits. Inclusion of epistatic loss increased the accuracy of the models only for our new definition of the epistatic effect for two traits, while the other definition was so highly correlated with the dominance component that statistical separation was impossible.  相似文献   

Sublethal effects of the insecticidal fusion protein ω‐ACTX‐Hv1a/GNA on the parasitoid Eulophus pennicornis via its host Lacanobia oleracea          下载免费PDF全文

Erich YT Nakasu  Filitsa Karamaouna  Georgios K Partsinevelos  Hesham M Abd El Halim  Elaine C Fitches  Prashant Pyati  John A Gatehouse  Angharad MR Gatehouse  Martin G Edwards 《Pest management science》2016,72(3):585-590

  相似文献