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1.
Minnaar WN Krecek RC Rajput JI 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1999,70(2):92-94
Biological samples were collected from dogs in resource-limited communities in the North-West and Gauteng Provinces of South Africa to assess the prevalence of helminth parasitism. These samples included adhesive tape peri-anal skin swabs and fresh faecal samples for helminth examination, and thick and thin blood films (smears) and whole-blood samples in anticoagulant for examination of filarial nematode microfilariae and haemoprotozoa. The eggs of Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Dipylidium caninum and taeniids were identified. None of the blood samples and smears tested positive for microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis or Dipetalonema spp. or for haemoprotozoa. The adhesive tape swabs were negative for cestode eggs and segments. Most of the helminth parasites identified in this study are zoonotic and consequently are regarded as a public health hazard. 相似文献
2.
Naeem Muhammad Rajput Nasir Dong Li Zhang Lili Wang Tian 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1475-1482
In order to use rice straw as forage in livestock feeding, the effects of steam-treated rice straw (at 15.5 kgf/cm2 for 120 s) feeding on growth performance, plasma volatile fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility of goats were determined. Twenty male goats (18.69?±?0.34 kg) were used in an 84-day trial. The goats were divided into four groups of five goats each to receive steam-treated (STRS) or untreated (UTRS) rice straw diet under closed house (CH) and open house (OH) systems. The results revealed that the goats fed with STRS had significantly higher dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility; similarly, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for STRS groups under both CH and OH systems than those for UTRS. The plasma protein and insulin in STRS and cholesterol in UTRS groups was higher (P?P?>?0.05) at 30 days. The plasma amylase, lipase, T3, T4 and glucagon at 30 and 60 days were not different (P?>?0.05) among the groups. The plasma acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid were higher (P?P?>?0.05) on these parameters. It could be concluded that steam treatment of rice straw at 15.5 kgf/cm2 for 120 s increased apparent nutrient digestibility, hence increased the growth and feed efficiency of growing goats. 相似文献
3.
Present study is focused on the preparation of two layers composite wound dressing for drug release. The outer layer is made of hydrogel which contains of drug and the core layer is made of fabric. The two layers structure of composite dressing is formed by grafting of polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid hydrogel on cotton fabric using ammonium per sulphate (APS) as chemical initiator and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as crosslinker. The major factors affecting graft copolymerization of hydrogel on cotton fabric are optimized by varying concentration of monomers & initiator, reaction temperature and addition time of crosslinker. Maximum grafting of hydrogel is obtained at 5 % (w/v) APS and 15 % acrylamide/acrylic acid (1:1 w/w ratio) concentration. The FTIR spectra of composite dressing shows characteristics peak of acrylic acid and acrylamide. The composite wound dressing material is loaded with model drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) and drug release behaviour is studied at different pH. The dressing shows drug release in different pH with maximum release of drug in acidic medium. 相似文献
4.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic. 相似文献
5.
Gorovtsov Andrey Minkina Tatiana M. Morin Tatiana Zamulina Inna V. Mandzhieva Saglara S. Sushkova Svetlana N. Rajput Vishnu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(8):3127-3138
Purpose
This work aimed to study the effect of long-term polymetallic contamination on the state and parameters of soil bacterial communities, including the abundance of different groups of culturable bacteria and the activity of nitrification.
Materials and methodsMonitoring plots were located in the dry lake and surrounding area, which had been formerly used for the discharge of industrial waste. The soils in the 16 plots were characterized by extremely high levels of heavy metal pollution. This study evaluated the main soil physicochemical properties by various methods, total metal contents by X-ray analysis, mobile metal content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the abundance of chosen groups of culturable bacteria by inoculation on solid media, and nitrification activity from ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates.
Results and discussionHigh adaptation capacity of microbial communities to long-term pollution was revealed through marked lack of decrease in the abundance of some of the bacterial groups in soils with high contamination levels. Among the bacteria determined by the colony count method, copiotrophic and spore-forming bacteria were the least sensitive to contamination, and actinomycetes were the most sensitive. The high levels of soil pollution with heavy metals had pronounced adverse effects on nitrification activity. The decrease in activity was strongly correlated with pollutant concentrations. The oxidation of nitrite was shown to be more affected by pollution that the oxidation of ammonium.
ConclusionsSome groups and parameters of culturable microorganisms can be used for soil status estimation under pollution conditions even though they are only a small fraction of the microbial community. The most sensitive parameter was the nitrification rate, while the number of actinomycetes was found to be most promising parameter among the groups of bacteria determined by plate counts. The use of sensitive groups of culturable microorganisms for bioindication purposes is a method, which may provide a cheap and sufficiently reliable tool for large-scale soil monitoring studies.
相似文献6.
Vishnu D. Rajput Tatiana Minkina Svetlana Sushkova Viktoriia Tsitsuashvili Saglara Mandzhieva Andrey Gorovtsov Dina Nevidomskyaya Natalya Gromakova 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2179-2187
Purpose
Nanoparticles (NPs) have received increased attention in recent past due to their unique distinct properties. Metal-based NPs are widely used in chemical and allied sector. Most of the research is directed to study the efficiency of NPs in medicine and agriculture. The aim of this review is to explore the possible threats posed by toxicity of various NPs on plants and microbial diversity.Materials and methods
First, major sources of NPs to the environment were analyzed. The effects of metal-based NPs on the microbiota and plants are presented in this review. The results obtained by the authors during last 12 years of research are used.Results and discussion
The exposure of soil to nanoparticles causes a decrease in soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, which impacts microbial community composition including yeasts, bacteria, fungi, and biological diversity. The effects of NPs on plants result in various types of abnormalities. Nanoparticles can also pose risks to human health.Conclusions
Increased applications of NPs pose a threat to beneficial microbial communities as well as crops and soils. Thus, it is important to explore whether NPs could compromise crop yield, soil properties, soil organisms, and functional activities of soil.7.
Sushkova Svetlana Minkina Tatiana Deryabkina Irina Mandzhieva Saglara Zamulina Inna Bauer Tatiana Vasilyeva Galina Antonenko Elena Rajput Vishnu K?z?lkaya R?dvan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2361-2367
Journal of Soils and Sediments - The investigation of accumulation, migration, and transformation features of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in a soil-plant system by using new ecologically friendly... 相似文献
8.
We observed the influence of five different altitudes and prevailing agro ecosystems on biomass and carbon sequestration potential in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study area had five prevailing land uses viz., agriculture, agro-horticulture, horticulture, silvi-pasture, and forest at four elevations representing about 1 °C temperature change. The results showed that maximum total biomass of 404.35 Mg C ha?1 was accumulated by forest landuse and followed a decreasing trend in the order as forest > silvi-pasture > agro-horticulture > horticulture > agriculture. Similar trends were also seen with respect to biomass carbon (C) density and C-sequestration potential of different land uses. Biomass and carbon density potential enhanced with the increase in the altitudinal ranges from 1100–1400 to 2000–2300 m a.s.l. But, the rate of C-sequestration potential enhanced from 1100 to 2000 m and declined at 2000–2300 m a.s.l. Maximum carbon density (393.29 Mg C ha?1) of both plant as well as soil was displayed by the forest-based land use systems situated at an altitudinal gradient of 2000–2300 m a.s.l. The rate of C-sequestration was maximum (2.17 Mg ha?1) in the agro-horticulture at 2000–2300 m a.s.l. This study brings out the potential of different land use systems influenced by varying factors on their C-sequestration potential in western Himalayan elevation gradient, thereby providing useful information for effective management in a climate change mitigation and carbon budget. 相似文献
9.
D. K. Rajput P. C. Srivastava 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):438-440
SummaryA field experiment was carried over two years (1999 and 2000) in the subtropical climate of north India in a mollisol, to study the response of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L. f. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes, Lamiaceae) ‘Himalaya ’ to application of six micronutrients, namely, iron (Fe: 15, 30, 45 kg ha–1) manganese (Mn: 10, 20, 30 kg ha–1), zinc (5, 10, 15 kg ha–1), copper (Cu: 2, 4, 6 kg ha–1), boron (B: 1, 2, 3 kg ha–1) and molybdenum (Mo: 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 kg ha–1). Application of micronutrients significantly increased the essential oil yield of cornmint in comparison with the control. However, the response to individual applications of micronutrients was observed up to 15 kg Fe, 10 kg Mn, 10 kg Zn, 2 kg Cu, 2 kg B or 0.05 kg Mo ha–1. Beyond these levels, the essential oil yield variations among the doses within each trace element were not statistically significant. Of these rates of application, 2 kg B produced the maximum essential oil yield (116.5 kg ha–1). The percentage increases in the essential oil yield over the control were: 36.2 for 15 kg Fe, 47.3 for 10 kg Mn, 35.7 for 10 kg Zn, 23.9 for 2 kg Cu, 62.9 for 2 kg B and 33.4 for 0.05 kg Mo. 相似文献
10.
B. Lal D. S. Rajput M. B. Tamhankar I. Agarwal M. S. Sharma 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(2):57-62
An assessment of the energy requirements of different intensive forage production systems was carried out at the Indian Grassland Fodder, and Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi. This included assessment of energy use and output for five intensive crop production systems: (1) sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem, (2) cowpea–sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem + mustard–maize + cowpea, (3) sorghum (multi‐cut)–berseem + oats, (4) guar–oats–maize and (5) sorghum (single‐cut)–wheat–fallow. In all the systems, the Napier bajra hybrid (IGFRI‐3) was transplanted in regular plots of 50 m × 13 m. Results revealed that the total annual energy use was highest for sorghum (multi‐cut)–berseem + oats (36 606 MJ ha?1), followed by sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem + mustard, sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem–cowpea, guar–oats–maize and sorghum (single‐cut)–wheat–fallow (for which values were 31 086, 30 449, 29 867 and 25 956 MJ energy ha?1, respectively). The high value found for sorghum (multi‐cut)–berseem + oats might be attributable to the multi‐cuts in this system. Energy use by fertilizers represented the major part of the total energy use, amounting to 28–38 % in all treatments, followed by energy used in electricity, machinery, seeds, human labour and farmyard manure (FYM), in case of all with slight increase in input. In sorghum–wheat, energy use by seeds occupied the second position, followed by energy used in electricity, human labour, FYM and machinery/diesel. Pesticides contributed the least energy utilization in all the treatments. Herbicides were used for the control of weeds. Among the five forage production systems, sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem + mustard–maize + cowpea was found to be the most energy efficient, followed by sorghum (multi‐cut)–berseem + oats–sorghum (multi‐cut), sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem–cowpea, guar–oats–maize and sorghum (single‐cut)–wheat–fallow. Sorghum (single‐cut)–berseem + mustard–maize + cowpea increased the fertility of the soil, resulting in a higher percentage of organic carbon, higher availability of nitrogen and optimal balancing of the C:N ratio in the upper layers of the soil. These intensive crop production systems also maintain the optimum microbial population in the crop root zone. The benefit–cost ratio (B:C ratio) for the most energy‐efficient forage production system was 1.37 : 1. However, the highest B:C ratio was found in the sorghum–wheat rotation (1: 1.57). 相似文献