Papovavirus induced feather abnormalities and skin lesions in the budgerigar: clinical and pathological findings   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Bernier G  Morin M  Marsolais G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(8):307-310

Feather abnormalities and skin lesions caused by a papovavirus infection in budgerigars are described. Diseased one to 15 day old birds displayed a lack of nestling down feathers and filoplumes on the head and neck. Survivors older than 15 days exhibited retarded growth and temporary absence of feathers variable from bird to bird. Several birds between 15 and 25 days of age had flight feathers with total absence or marked sparseness of the vanes. After 25 days, feathers began to grow, although the tail and/or some flight feathers of some of the birds remained underdeveloped or absent for several weeks. Several of these affected birds were unable to fly and are called “runners”

Microscopic lesions in the feather follicles of the affected birds less than 15 days of age, were characterized by focal, multifocal or diffuse ballooning degeneration in the lateral and axial plate cells of the barb ridges with the presence of large basophilic or amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in the same cells. Focal areas of ballooning degeneration with intranuclear inclusions were also found in the epidermis. Clinical observations made on these birds are compared with those reported in the literature for French molt.

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Herbicide-resistant transgenic crops — a benefit for agriculture     

Georges Freyssinet 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):105-108

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A 3-year long study of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from subclinical mastitis in three Azawak zebu herds at the Sahelian experimental farm of Toukounous,Niger     

Abdoulkarim Ibrahim Issa  Jean-Noël Duprez  Rianatou Bada-Alambedji  Mamane Djika  Jacques Georges Mainil  Marjorie Bardiau 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):321-329

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Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze     

Kouakou Laurent Kouakou  Irié Arsène Zoro Bi  Yao Georges Abessika  Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou  Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.  相似文献   

Optimal conditions for egg storage, incubation and post-hatching growth for the freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa: Science in support of an indigenous enterprise     

Damien A. Fordham  Arthur Georges  Ben Corey 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):105-114

Incubation of northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa) eggs and subsequent sale of hatchlings for the pet industry has the potential to provide culturally suitable employment for indigenous communities in northern Australia. Developmental arrest in response to egg inundation is unique to C. rugosa. Eggs can be stored under water for up to 10 weeks without appreciable impact on egg or embryo survival, allowing the transport and sale of eggs into niche markets without high levels of mortality, and permitting eggs to accumulate in diapause until there are sufficient numbers to incubate as batches. Eggs that are not inundated or inundated for short periods experience similar survival rates to eggs inundated for lengthy periods. Incubation temperature influences embryo survival and development period in C. rugosa. Embryonic survival is greatest at 26 °C, steadily declining as temperature increases to 32 °C. A similar increase in incubation temperature decreases incubation period by approximately 40 days, however almost half of this variation is attributed to the increase in incubation temperature from 26 to 28 °C. Hatchling growth in C. rugosa is characterized by two phases. There is an initial phase of relatively slow growth under the partial influence of initial egg size and incubation duration, followed by a second phase of relatively rapid growth under the partial influence of water temperature and mass at hatching. Post-hatching survival is negatively correlated with duration of egg inundation and water temperature. Evidence suggests that inundation of C. rugosa eggs for 6 weeks, incubation of embryos at 28 °C and raising hatchlings in 28 °C water will yield the best overall outcomes.  相似文献   

Entérite nécrotique chez le poulet de gril I. Aspect clinico-pathologique          下载免费PDF全文

G. Bernier  J.-B. Phaneuf    R. Filion 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1974,38(3):280-285

This study represents an analysis of the principal clinical factors and pathological lesions of 150 cases of necrotic enteritis encountered during 1968 and 1969 in Quebec. Following multiple investigations no common factor was observed which might have explained the pathogenesis of the condition which was observed during every month of the year, especially from May to November. Birds two to four weeks of age were the most susceptible. The main lesion was a fibrino-necrotic enteritis always localized in the small intestine, either in its entire length or just a segment and characterized by the disappearance of the surface epithelium and necrosis of the villi. The lumen was filled with desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria. Foci of coagulation necrosis were observed in the liver and foci of nephrosis in the kidneys. A Gram+ bacillus, strictly anaerobic, was always isolated from the viscera.  相似文献   

Immune function of bovine leukocytes after in vitro exposure to selected heavy metals     

De Guise S  Bernier J  Lapierre P  Dufresne MM  Dubreuil P  Fournier M 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(3):339-344

OBJECTIVE: To study effects of in vitro exposure of bovine leukocytes to mercury, cadmium, and lead on phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity, and lymphocyte proliferation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Leukocytes from 6 nonpregnant Holstein heifers. PROCEDURE: Leukocytes were exposed in vitro to the aforementioned metals, and leukocyte functions were assessed. RESULTS: Phagocytosis was suppressed by 10(-5) to 10(-7) M CdCl2 and by 10(-5) and 10(-6) M HgCl2, but not 10(-7) M HgCl2 nor 10(-4) to 10(-6) M PbCl2. Spontaneous and concanavalin A- or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of metal-treated bovine blood mononuclear cells was not significantly different from that of nontreated control cells, except for enhanced spontaneous proliferation in response to 10(-5) M HgCl2. When proliferation was expressed as a stimulation index, a dose-dependent increase of spontaneous proliferation was observed in response to exposure to HgCl2 and PbCl2. Compared with response to 10(-6) or 10(-7) M CdCl2, reduction of mitogen-induced and spontaneous proliferation was observed on exposure to 10(-5) M CdCl2. Natural killer cell activity against YAC-1 target cells, evaluated by flow cytometry, was decreased only in cells exposed to 10 M HgCl2. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bovine leukocytes are susceptible to the immunomodulatory effects of in vitro exposure to heavy metals at concentrations equal to or higher than those at which similar effects are seen for leukocytes from most other animal species for which data are available for comparison. Exception is phagocytosis, which is severely affected by low concentrations of CdCl2 and HgCl2 in cattle. Reduction of defense mechanisms on exposure to metals could lead to increased susceptibility to potential pathogens.  相似文献   

The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lapierre H  Bernier JF  Dubreuil P  Reynolds CK  Farmer C  Ouellet DR  Lobley GE 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(4):1084-1099

The effect of feed intake level (.6, 1.0, and 1.6 x maintenance energy and protein requirements, M) on splanchnic (portal-drained viscera [PDV] plus liver) metabolism was evaluated in six multicatheterized beef steers (398 +/- 27 kg), using a double 3 x 3 Latin square design. On the last day of each 21-d experimental period, six hourly blood samples were collected from arterial, portal, and hepatic vessels. Due to catheter patency, PDV fluxes were measured on five steers, and liver and splanchnic fluxes on four steers. Increasing intake elevated (P < .01) splanchnic release of total (T) amino acids (AA), through increases (P < .01) in PDV release of both essential (E) and nonessential (NE) AA, in spite of a tendency (P < .20) for increased liver removal of NEAA. The PDV release of AA N represented 27 and 51% of digested N for 1.0 and 1.6 x M, respectively. At 1.0 and 1.6 x M, the liver removed 34% of total AA released by the PDV. For individual AA, portal flux of most EAA increased (P < .05) with feed intake, and the increase (P < .10) in splanchnic flux was accompanied by increased arterial concentration for all EAA except histidine, lysine, and methionine. This suggests that these might be limiting AA for this diet. On a net basis, most individual NEAA were released by the PDV except glutamate and glutamine, which were removed by the digestive tract. There was a net removal of NEAA by the liver, except for aspartate and especially glutamate, which were released. Ammonia release by the PDV tended (P < .20) to increase with intake and represented 69, 53, and 45% of digested N at .6, 1.0, and 1.6 x M, respectively. Urea removed by the PDV, unaffected by intake, represented 32, 33, and 21% of the digested N. Arterial glucose concentration increased linearly (P < .01) with greater intake, whereas net liver and splanchnic glucose release increased in a quadratic (P < .05) manner. Net PDV glucose release represented 26% of net glucose hepatic release at 1.6 x M. Intake elevated (P < .10) both insulin and glucagon arterial concentrations, resulting from a larger increment of portal release (P < .01) than hepatic removal (P < .05). Intake-based variations in IGF-I and NEFA arterial concentrations (P < .05) were not related to changes in splanchnic metabolism. These results clearly show the crucial role of the splanchnic tissues in regulating the profile and quantity of AA and concentrations of glucose and pancreatic hormones reaching peripheral tissues.  相似文献   

Hydraulic conductance and soil water potential at the soil-root interface of Pinus pinaster seedlings inoculated with different dikaryons of Pisolithus sp     

Lamhamedi MS  Bernier PY  André-Fortin J 《Tree physiology》1992,10(3):231-244

Seedlings of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) were inoculated with different dikaryons of Pisolithus sp. from South Africa to determine the influence of extension of the extramatrical phase and diameter of the mycelial strands on water relations parameters including xylem water potential (Psi(x)), soil water potential at the soil-root interface (Psi(s)) and hydraulic conductance (L(p)) during and after a period of water stress. Seedlings inoculated with dikaryons having an extensive extramatrical phase and large diameter mycelial strands showed higher Psi(s) (-2 MPa) during severe water stress than seedlings inoculated with dikaryons producing fine hyphae and sparse extramatrical phases (-3.8 MPa). Seedlings inoculated with strand-forming dikaryons recovered faster from water stress than did non-inoculated seedlings or seedlings inoculated with non-strand-forming dikaryons. Architectural aspects of the extramatrical phase, including the presence of large diameter mycelial strands or fine hyphae, influenced the soil-root contact and the water relations of an inoculated host plant. When water stress was not limiting, the architecture of the extramatrical phase did not have a large effect on Psi(s). It is suggested that the architecture of the extramatrical phase influences the resistance to water flow through the soil-root interface and that large mycelial strands increase the water flow by bridging the gap between the soil and the root. These changes in physiology indicate that dikaryons can improve the survival of Pinus pinaster under dry conditions.  相似文献   

Growth, nutrition and response to water stress of Pinus pinaster inoculated with ten dikaryotic strains of Pisolithus sp     

Lamhamedi MS  Bernier PY  Fortin JA 《Tree physiology》1992,10(2):153-167

Reconstituted dikaryons of Pisolithus sp. (Pers.) Coker & Couch from South Africa influenced growth parameters (shoot length, shoot/root ratio and leaf area), nutrition and physiological indicators (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential) of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) seedlings during drought and recovery from drought. Seedlings colonized with certain dikaryons were more sensitive to water stress and showed less mycorrhiza formation under water stress than seedlings colonized with other dikaryons. Control (uninoculated) seedlings were significantly smaller than those inoculated with dikaryons. Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential varied among mycorrhizal treatments during the water stress and recovery periods. After rewatering, the controls and seedlings inoculated with dikaryon 34 x 20 had a weaker recovery in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential than the other treatments and appeared to have experienced damage due to the water stress. Concentrations of various elements differed in the shoots of Pinus pinaster colonized by the various dikaryons. It is suggested that breeding of ectomycorrhizal fungi could constitute a new tool for improving reforestation success in arid and semi-arid zones.  相似文献