Synthesis and Anthelmintic Activity of 7-Hydroxy- 5-oxo-5H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carboxanilides and -6-thiocarboxanilides     

Andrew Plant  Achim Harder  Norbert Mencke  Heinz-Jürgen Bertram 《Pest management science》1996,48(4):351-358

7-Hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carboxanilides and -6-thio-carboxanilides represent a novel series of anthelmintic compounds, with broad-spectrum activity against important parasitic nematodes in sheep and dogs. In particular, an improved efficacy against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep over the related 3-carbamoyl-4-hydroxycoumarins has been noted. New synthetic routes to the key intermediate, 7-hydroxythieno[3,2-b]pyran-5-one, have been developed.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of Ascaris suum     

Richard J. Martin  Achim Harder  Michael Londershausen  Peter Jeschke 《Pest management science》1996,48(4):343-349

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg⁻¹. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml⁻¹. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml⁻¹. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl⁻-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl⁻ ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca²⁺ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl⁻ conductance is discussed.  相似文献   

Application of sperm cryopreservation in selective breeding of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)     

Serean L Adams  John F Smith  Rodney D Roberts  Achim R Janke  Nick G King  Harry Robin Tervit  Stephen C Webb 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1434-1442

The robustness of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), sperm cryopreservation in the context of selective breeding based on family lines was investigated. Irrespective of egg density, high fertilization success was achieved with cryopreserved sperm when sperm:egg ratios of 1000:1 to 10 000:1 were used. Variation among replicate runs on the same oyster batches was minimal, indicating that cryopreservation and larval rearing procedures were repeatable. Twenty independent single male–female crosses were made to assess the utility of cryopreserved sperm in selective breeding. The fertility of unfrozen sperm was generally a poor predictor of cryopreserved sperm fertility. Based on D‐larval yields, 17 of the 20 crosses were likely to yield adequate spat for selective breeding (>10⁵ D‐larvae from 1 million eggs), two were marginal (5 × 10⁴ D‐larvae) and one was inadequate (4 × 10³ D‐larvae). An alternative fertilization strategy to improve D‐yield from a given number of sperm was then tested. Fertilizing 10 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 200:1 increased the total D‐yield when compared with fertilizing 1 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 2000:1 for the same male–female pair. We conclude that, despite wide variation in fertility, cryopreserved sperm is useful for family production.  相似文献   

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for lactation persistency traits in German Holstein dairy cattle     

B. Harder  J. Bennewitz  N. Reinsch  G. Thaller  H. Thomsen  C. Kühn  M. Schwerin  G. Erhardt  M. Förster  F. Reinhardt  & E. Kalm 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(2):89-96

A whole genome scan to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for persistency of milk yield (PMY), persistency of fat yield (PFY), persistency of protein yield (PPY) and persistency of milk energy yield (PEY) was performed in a granddaughter design in the German Holstein dairy cattle population. The analysis included 16 paternal half‐sib families with a total of 872 bulls. The analysis was carried out for the first lactation and for the first three lactations combined using univariate weighted multimarker regression. Controlling the false discovery rate across traits and data sets at a level of 0.15 and treating the four persistency traits as different traits revealed 27 significant QTL. A total of 12 chromosomes showed significant QTL effects on a chromosomewise basis. The DGAT1 effect was highly significant for PPY and protein yield. A haplotype analysis using results of previous studies of the same design revealed a co‐segregation of various persistency QTL and QTL affecting health traits like dystocia and stillbirth and functional traits like non‐return rate 90 and somatic cell score.  相似文献   

Morbillivirus infections of seals during the 1988 epidemic in the Bay of Heligoland: III. Transmission studies of cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus): clinical, virological and serological results     

T Harder  T Willhaus  H R Frey  B Liess 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(9):641-650

Eight harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), two of them seronegative, six seropositive against PDV and a seronegative grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) were exposed to a low doses of a cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus isolate (PDV 2558/Han 88). An intranasal route of inoculation was chosen. Clinical signs, resembling those of 1988's seal disease and seroconversion were observed in both seronegative harbour seals. One of them succumbed to the infection. The virus was not transmitted to another susceptible harbour seal which served as in-contact animal. Virus could be recovered from leucocytes of the diseased seals. Viremia was also present in a seropositive harbour seal that developed mild clinical signs; other seropositive seals were protected from clinical disease. The grey seal showed seroconversion upon inoculation, but did not develop any signs of disease. The humoral immune response of the seals plainly discriminated between homologous (PDV) and heterologous (canine distemper virus, CDV) virus as shown by virus neutralization tests and an antibody-binding assay (PLA).  相似文献   

Schmeißfliegen (Calliphoridae) und vakuumverpackter Schinken     

B. Overgaard Nielsen  S. Achim Nielsen 《Journal of pest science》1976,49(8):113-115

Blowflies (Calliphoridae) and vacuum-packed ham In a few cases blowfly maggots have been reported from vacuum-packed ham. The possibility of egg-hatching and larval development in the product was analysed. In experiments no hatching of blowfly eggs on vacuum-packed, boiled, sliced ham occurred. However, the eggs are not killed immediately; 1–4 days after the packing, they are still viable and when the wrapping is broken, hatching may occur. After a stay of 7–10 days on vacuum-packed ham, the viability of the eggs seems lost. In the actual case the risk of oviposition by blowflies on ham in the cannery and succeeding larval development in the product is considered to be very low.  相似文献   

Effect of consumption of organically and conventionally produced apples on antioxidant activity and DNA damage in humans     

Briviba K  Stracke BA  Rüfer CE  Watzl B  Weibel FP  Bub A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7716-7721

The present study was performed to compare the effects on antioxidant activity and on DNA damage of organic and conventionally produced apples grown under controlled conditions in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Six healthy volunteers consumed either organically or conventionally grown apples (Golden Delicious, 1000 g) from two neighboring commercial farms in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over study. The average content of total identified and quantified polyphenols in the organically and conventionally produced apples was 308 and 321 microg/g fresh weight, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the sum of phenolic compounds or in either of the polyphenol classes were found between the agricultural methods. Consumption of neither organically nor conventionally grown apples caused any changes in antioxidant capacity of low-density lipoproteins (lag time test), endogenous DNA strand breaks, Fpg protein-sensitive sites, or capacity to protect DNA against damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. However, a statistically significant decrease in the levels of endonuclease III sensitive sites and an increased capacity to protect DNA against damage induced by iron chloride were determined 24 h after consumption in both groups of either organic or conventionally grown apples, indicating the similar antigenotoxic potential of both organically and conventionally grown apples.  相似文献   

New strategies for increasing heterozygosity in crops: Vicia faba mating system as a study case     

M. J. Suso  Lawrence Harder  M. T. Moreno  Fouad Maalouf 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):51-65

Our research assesses the feasibility of using artificial selection on pre-mating floral traits to modify the mating system of faba bean (Vicia faba). This analysis considered two synthetic populations, which were derived from different genetic pools and had undergone five years of multiplication. For these populations, we identified floral and inflorescence traits that influence outcrossing per plant and examined the relative importance of these traits in governing yield. Codominant isozyme loci and the mixed-mating model were used to estimate the multilocus female outcrossing rate. A maternal half-sib design was used to evaluate the additive genetic component of floral and inflorescence traits, yield and yield components. Multiple regression was used to assess the effects of floral and inflorescence traits on outcrossing and yield and components of yield. The two populations exhibited mixing mating. Self-fertilization appears to result from the action of pollinating bees, so that its incidence could be modified by selection on floral and inflorescence traits that affect pollination. Floral and inflorescence traits affected individual differences in outcrossing unequally, with most variation being associated with the numbers of displayed flowers and inflorescences. Variation among plants in reward traits and in shape, although statistically significant, had limited and inconsistent influences on individual differences in outcrossing. Yield and its components varied strongly with aspects of floral display and, to a lesser extent, floral design, except for seed weight. Overall, our results imply that both outcrossing and yield could be enhanced by selection for plants that produce more inflorescences, each with relatively few flowers.  相似文献   

Der Bulk-Stomata-Widerstand von Ackerbohnen und seine Abhängigkeit vom Bodenwassergehalt     

Achim Hennig  Heinrich Zakosek 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(2):165-167

Bulk stomatal resistance of Vicia faba and its dependence on soil water content Bulk stomatal resistance of beans (Vicia faba L.,) as a function of soil water content was estimated for 41 days by comparison of potential transpiration, determined from meteorological data, and actual transpiration, determined from soil water losses. The resistance of beans is about 46 s/m if soil water content is above 70 % of available field capacity and increases strongly in dryer situations. This behaviour can be described by an exponential function.  相似文献   

Bodenmechanische Eigenschaften als Kriterium für die Klassifizierung von Andepts aus Südchile     

Achim Ellies 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1987,150(5):327-333

Mechanical soil properties as criteria for the classification of Andepts The shear strenght in the upper layer of seven different Andepts from southern Chile was examined. The samples were taken from sites of a middle slope position, in one of the Andepts from five positions of catena. The intention was to determine the variation of shear strenght properties, within and between the soil series. Moreover, some physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined. The evaluation includes multiple regressions, principal component analyses (PCA) and cluster analyses, in order to check the interrelation of soil properties for grouping the samples. The variables of the first two components between the series which show the greatest variability of the soil properties are consistency characteristics and shear strenght parameters. The PCA permit conclusion that the shear strenght parameters are useful criteria for grouping the analysed Andepts. However, they contribute only moderately to the total variation between the samples of the studied catena. The groups of soil samples formed by the series from the same topographic position are closely related to their distance from the Andes and their particle size distribution. The groups formed by the samples from the catena, show the humidity of the site as a common influence factor.  相似文献