Efficacy of AHR-13268, an antiallergenic compound, in the management of pruritus caused by atopic disease in dogs.     

D J DeBoer  K A Moriello  R A Pollet 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(4):532-536

Twenty-nine pruritic, atopic dogs were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of an investigational antiallergenic compound, AHR-13268. Fourteen dogs were evaluated by a veterinary dermatologist (at intervals) and the owner (daily). Fifteen dogs were evaluated only by the owner. The mean (+/- SE) owner scores for pruritus, erythema, and lesions with placebo treatment (higher score = worse signs) were 3.24 (+/- 0.12), 2.73 (+/- 0.12), and 2.61 (+/- 0.09), respectively. With drug treatment, the corresponding scores were 2.89 (+/- 0.12), 2.50 (+/- 0.12), and 2.25 (+/- 0.09). Scores for pruritus and lesions (but not erythema) were significantly better with drug treatment than with placebo treatment. Investigator scores showed similar trends, but the differences were not great enough to be statistically significant. Overall, 11/29 (38%) owners reported their dogs had moderate or better improvement from drug capsules, and 4/29 dogs (14%) improved on placebo capsules. A variety of adverse effects were reported following both drug (9/29 dogs) and placebo (8/29 dogs) capsule administration, but were mild and well tolerated. Results of this study indicate that AHR-13268 has potential for empiric treatment of allergic inhalant dermatitis in some dogs.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of the Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis     

Philipp Franken  Natalia Requena  Britta Bütehorn  Franziska Krajinski  Gerrit Kuhn  Laurence Lapopin 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):271-286

The molecular analysis of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis started at the beginning of this decade. The paper summarises the work of the ‘Laboratorium für Molekulare Genetik arbuskulärer Mykorrhiza’ at the MPI für terrestrische Mikrobiologie in Marburg on three major topics. Firstly, the plant response to the mycorrhizal colonisation was analysed using both, targeted and non‐targeted approaches. As an example, the localisation of the gst1 mRNA in potato mycorrhiza is shown. Second, molecular techniques were established to analyse gene expression of the fungal partner of the symbiosis. We present a differential RNA display analysis of spore germination in two AM fungi and the cloning of a gene from Glomus mosseae that shows expression at all stages of the fungal life cycle. In the last part, we introduce the work we are carrying out with a new root endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica. Infection experiments on maize showed that despite the fungus performs as a root necrotroph, it has a positive effect on plant growth.  相似文献   

Uptake and metabolism as mechanisms of selective herbicidal activity of the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines     

Craig C. Hodges  Gerrit J. De Boer  Javier Avalos 《Pest management science》1990,29(3):365-378

In order to identify the factors providing the triazolopyrimidines with a wide range of selectivity amongst agriculturally important plant species, studies were made on the uptake and metabolism of a representative compound, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 2-sulfonamide. This compound is much more phytotoxic to dicots than to monocots. Experiments showed that variations in leaf morphologies and geometries relative to spray applications resulted in different herbicide dosages applied to plant species used in selectivity evaluations. However, this parameter did not have a statistically significant correlation to herbicide selectivity measurements. Characterization of the metabolic pathways showed that the major herbicide metabolites involved methyl hydroxylation or hydroxylation of the aniline ring followed by glucose conjugation. Since these metabolites were not exclusive to either monocots or dicots, herbicide selectivity does not appear dependent on the pathway of metabolism. Studies on the kinetics of metabolism suggest instead that metabolic rate was important. Monocots metabolized the herbicide rapidly and generally were tolerant while the opposite was true of dicots.  相似文献   

Evaluation of serum obtained from atopic dogs with dermatitis attributable to Malassezia pachydermatis for passive transfer of immediate hypersensitivity to that organism     

Morris DO  DeBoer DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(3):262-266

OBJECTIVE: To determine the functionality of canine anti-Malassezia IgE via the passive transfer of immediate hypersensitivity localized to the skin (ie, cutaneous anaphylaxis) from atopic dogs with dermatitis attributable to overgrowth of Malassezia pachydermatis (Malassezia dermatitis [MD]) to healthy recipient dogs by use of the Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) technique. ANIMALS: 7 clinically normal dogs, 32 atopic dogs with MD, serum from 11 atopic dogs with MD, and 3 healthy dogs without prior sensitization to M pachydermatis. PROCEDURE: Serum from atopic dogs with MD was used for P-K tests in 3 clinically normal recipient dogs. Serial dilutions of untreated, heat-inactivated, IgE-absorbed, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-absorbed (control) aliquots of serum were injected ID in triplicate for dermal sensitization. Twenty-four, 48, and 72 hours later, a crude extract of M pachydermatis was injected ID into the sites used for sensitization injections, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions were graded on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Untreated serum caused P-K reactivity beginning 24 hours after passive sensitization and persisting through 72 hours (titers, 1:32 to 1:64). Heat inactivation and IgE-absorption of serum eliminated P-K reactivity, whereas treatment of serum with BSA did not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of P-K test results supports the passive transfer of cutaneous anaphylaxis by anti-Malassezia IgE and indicates it is functional in type-1 hypersensitivity reactions of atopic dogs with MD. Reduction or blockade of anti-Malassezia IgE in atopic dogs with MD may provide better clinical control of the disease.  相似文献   

Effect of vaccination on serum concentrations of total and antigen-specific immunoglobulin E in dogs     

HogenEsch H  Dunham AD  Scott-Moncrieff C  Glickman LT  DeBoer DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(4):611-616

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of vaccination on serum concentrations of total and antigen-specific IgE in dogs. ANIMALS: 20 female Beagles. PROCEDURE: Groups of 5 dogs each were vaccinated repeatedly between 8 weeks and 4 years of age with a multivalent and rabies vaccine, a multivalent vaccine only, or a rabies vaccine only. A fourth group of 5 dogs served as unvaccinated controls. Serum concentrations of total immunoglobulins and antigen-specific IgE were determined following vaccination. RESULTS:-The multivalent vaccine had little effect on serum total IgE concentrations. The concentration of IgE increased slightly following vaccination for rabies at 16 weeks and 1 year of age and increased greatly after vaccination at 2 and 3 years of age in most dogs, with a distinct variation between individual dogs. Vaccination had no effect on serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM as measured at 2 and 3 years of age. The rabies vaccine contained aluminum adjuvant in contrast to the multivalent vaccine. An increase of IgE that was reactive with vaccine antigens, including bovine serum albumin and bovine fibronectin, was detected in some of the dogs vaccinated for rabies. There was no significant correlation between serum concentrations of total IgE and antigen-specific IgE following vaccination. Serum total IgE concentration rapidly returned to preimmunization concentrations in most dogs, but high concentrations of antigen-specific IgE persisted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vaccination of dogs for rabies increases serum concentrations of total IgE and induces IgE specific for vaccine antigens, including tissue culture residues. Vaccination history should be considered in the interpretation of serum total IgE concentrations.  相似文献   

Safety and immunologic effects after inoculation of inactivated and combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccines in cats     

DeBoer DJ  Moriello KA  Blum JL  Volk LM  Bredahl LK 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1532-1537

OBJECTIVE: To determine antidermatophyte immunologic effects of an experimental combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (CLIDV) and a commercial inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (IDV) in cats and to evaluate adverse effects associated with administration of these vaccines. ANIMALS: 20 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were injected with 2 doses of CLIDV at the standard dosage or 1 dose of CLIDV at 10 times the standard dosage; IDV was administered at the manufacturer-recommended dosage. Cats were observed for illness and reactions at inoculation sites. Periodically, samples were obtained for fungal culture, lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT) as an indicator of cell-mediated immunity against dermatophyte antigens, and antidermatophyte IgG titers. Following vaccination, cats were challenge-exposed by topical application of Microsporum canis macroconidia and examined weekly for clinical signs of dermatophytosis. RESULTS: of 10 cats given CLIDV developed focal crusts at the injection site that resolved without treatment; these were areas of dermatophyte infection with the vaccine strain. Antidermatophyte IgG titers increased significantly with all vaccination protocols. Cellular immunity against M canis increased slightly and variably during the vaccination period and did not differ significantly between vaccinated and control cats. All cats developed dermatophyte infection after challenge exposure. Vaccination with CLIDV or IDV was associated with slightly reduced severity of initial infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Noculation with IDV or CLIDV did not provide prophylactic immunity against topical challenge exposure with M canis. Inoculation with either vaccine did not provide a more rapid cure of an established infection.  相似文献   

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mahdi Gheysari  Seyed Majid Mirlatifi  Mehdi Homaee  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(6):946-954

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal genetic variation of Drosophila suzukii in Germany     

Petermann  Sarah  Otto  Sabine  Eichner  Gerrit  Schetelig  Marc F. 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(4):1291-1305

Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, rapidly invaded America and Europe in the past 20 years. As a crop pest of soft-skinned fruits with a wide range of host plants, it threatens the fruit industry worldwide, causing enormous economic losses. To control this invasive pest species, an understanding of its population dynamics and structure is necessary. Here, we report the population genetics and development of SWD in Germany from 2017–19 using microsatellite markers over 11 different sample sites. It is the first study that examines SWD’s genetic changes over 3 years compared to multiple international SWD laboratory strains. Results show that SWD populations in Germany are highly homogenous without differences between populations or years, which indicates that populations are well adapted, migrate freely, and multiple invasions from outside Germany either did not take place or are negligible. Such high genetic variability and migration between populations could allow for a fast establishment of the pest species. This is especially problematic with regard to the ongoing spread of this invasive species and could bear a potential for developing pesticide resistance, which could increase the impact of the SWD further in the future.

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Tailor made plasmin substrates as potential diagnostic tool to test for mastitis     

Floris J. Bikker  Gerrit Koop  Naomi B. Leusink  Kamran Nazmi  Wendy E. Kaman  Henk S. Brand  Enno C. I. Veerman 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(4):271-277

Plasmin is a protease in milk, which concentration is increased during mastitis. The aim of the study was design and characterize short, tailor made fluorogenic substrates for plasmin to see differences in plasmin activity in healthy milk compared to mastitic milk. According to the specificity matrix of plasmin, containing 125 currently known plasmin substrates, six novel plasmin specific substrates were designed and characterized. Eight other substrates were insensitive for plasmin, which was in line with our expectations. The plasmin-sensitive substrates showed no cross-reactivity with proteases from mastitogenic bacteria in vitro. A proof of concept to distinguish healthy milk from mastitic milk is described. Potentially, these substrates present a rapid alternative to the currently established methodologies to detect mastitis in milk.  相似文献   

Allergen-specific IgG antibodies in cats with allergic skin disease     

A.P Foster  H.A O'Dair  D.J DeBoer 《Research in veterinary science》1997,63(3):239

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for quantifying feline serum allergen-specific IgG directed against selected house dust, pollen and flea allergens. The assay was used to compare allergen-specific IgG concentrations in sera from healthy cats, cats with non-dermatologic illness, confirmed allergic cats and undiagnosed pruritic cats. Our results demonstrate that cats with confirmed allergic skin disease have significantly more IgG directed against house dust, flea and ryegrass allergens than other cat groups examined. These results support the theory that cats with allergic skin disease have an underlying T_H2 lymphocyte response that directs production of both allergen-specific IgG and IgE.  相似文献