Bewässerungsversuche in Kartoffeln und Bewässerung Gegen Frostschaden     

F. Heick 《Potato Research》1959,2(2):100-104

Zusammenfassung Bew?sserung durch künstliche Beregnung bei Kartoffeln kann bei dem Klima und den Bodenverh?ltnissen, die wir aud den d?nischen Sandb?den haben, einen bedeutenden Mehrertrag ergeben. Wir haben noch zu wenig Versuche durchgeführt und zu geringe Eifahrung erworben um die ?konomie bei der Bew?sserung zu beurteilen. Sie wirkt am erfolgreichsten, wenn es sich darum handelt, ein Kartoffelfeld im Wachstum zu erhalten, bis der natürliche Niederschlag f?llt. Die ?konomie erscheint am sichersten bei der Beregnung von Frühkartoffeln, die früh gerodet werden. An Orten, wo Schorf auftritt, kann eine Qualit?tsverbesserung erreicht werden. Die Bew?sserung gibt beim frühen Roden mehr Knollen in der gut verk?uflichen Sortierung. Schliesslich kann die Bew?sserung eine gewisse Sicherung gegen Frost bedeuten. Diese besteht wohl einesteils in der W?rme, die das Wasser zuführt, anderenteils in der W?rme, die bei der Eisbildung freigemacht wird, haupts?chlich aber liegt es wohl daran, dass die spezifische W?rme der Sandb?den und ihre F?higkeit die W?rme zuzuleiten, erh?ht werden.

---

Summary Spray irrigation of potatoes may result in considerably increased yields under the climate and soil conditions prevailing in the sandy soils of Denmark. Too few experiments have been carried out and there is still too little experience to enable us to assess the economy of spraying. It is most successful when the growth of a potato field has to be maintained until there is natural precipitation. Economy seems to be most assured in spraying early potatoes which are lifted early. In localities where scab occurs a qualitative improvement may be obtained. With early lifting, spraying produces a large number of tubers of a size for which there is a ready market. Finally, spray irrigation may afford some protection against frost. This consists on the one hand in the heat supplied by the water and on the other in the heat released during the formation of ice, but its main importance is that it increases the specific heat of the sandy soil and its capacity of conducting heat.

---

Résumé L’irrigation par aspersion des cultures de pommes de terre peut donner des rendements sensiblement plus élevés dans les conditions climatiques et pédologiques régnant en terres sablonneuses au Danemark. Nous avons encore trop peu expérimenté sur ce terrain et l’expérience acquise n’est pas assez pour porter dès aujour-d’hui un jugement sur l’économie de l’irrigation. Elle donne les meilleurs résultats, s’il s’agit d’assurer la croissance d’un champ de pommes de terre jusqu’à ce que viennent les pluies. Cette technique semble de porter les meilleurs résultats dans les cultures de pommes de terre hatives qui sont arrachées de bonne heure. Là où les cultures sont infestées par la gale commune, elle permet une amélioration de la qualité. L’irrigation donne, lorsque l’arrachage s’effectue t?t plus de tubercules dans un triage bien vendable. L’irrigation peut, enfin, mettre les cultures en quelque sorte à l’abri de la gelée. Cela est d? d’une part à la chaleur qu’apporte l’eau, d’autre part à la chaleur libérée par la formation de la glace, mais la cause principale réside bien dans la circonstance que la chaleur spécifique des terres sablonneuses et leur faculté de conduire la chaleur, s’en trouvent augmentées.

---

---

Vortrag in der Versammlung vom “4th International Informal Potato Conference” in Lund, August 1957.  相似文献   

Characterization of DMI,QoI and SDHI fungicides sensitivity of Ramularia collo-cygni isolates in Argentina     

Erreguerena  Ignacio Antonio  Havis  Neil David  Heick  Thies Marten  Gorniak  Kalina  Quiroz  Facundo  Carmona  Marcelo Anibal 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1343-1353

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc) has become a threat to barley production in Argentina. All barley varieties are...  相似文献   

Decreasing azole sensitivity of Z. tritici in Europe contributes to reduced and varying field efficacy     

Jørgensen  L. N.  Matzen  N.  Heick  T. M.  Havis  N.  Holdgate  S.  Clark  B.  Blake  J.  Glazek  M.  Korbas  M.  Danielewicz  J.  Maumene  C.  Rodemann  B.  Weigand  S.  Kildea  S.  Bataille  C.  Brauna-Morževska  E.  Gulbis  K.  Ban  R.  Berg  G.  Semaskiene  R.  Stammler  G. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):287-301

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Septoria tritici blotch (STB; Zymoseptoria tritici) is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Northern and Western Europe. The problem of fungicide...  相似文献   

Resistance of wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici to DMI and QoI fungicides in the Nordic-Baltic region - a status     

Thies Marten Heick  Annemarie Fejer Justesen  Lise Nistrup Jørgensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):669-682

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the ascomycete Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici) is currently the most prevalent foliar disease in wheat in the Nordic-Baltic region. Fungicide availability in this region differs greatly and is generally more limited than in other European regions. Monitoring of fungicide sensitivity is an essential tool to survey changes in fungal populations in order to react and be able to adapt recommendations for fungicide use. In this study the authors give an overview of the current situation of 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) sensitivity of Z. tritici from Scandinavia and the Baltic countries. A total of 985 isolates from the Nordic-Baltic region were investigated for EC₅₀ of DMI epoxiconazole and prothioconazole. Fungicide sensitivity remains at a high level with values ranging from 0.07 to 0.48 mg L^?1 for epoxiconazole and 1.17 to 9.47 mg L^?1 for prothioconazole. Point mutation I381V in the DMI target gene CYP51 was dominant throughout the region, but mutations D134G, V136A/C and S524T were also detected in the population in 2014. Screening for inserts in the CYP51 promoter region revealed that a ~ 1000 bp insert is predominant in the entire region. Only a single isolate was found in Denmark, harbouring the 120 bp insert, known to reduce fungicide sensitivity. Two Danish isolates which had elevated resistance levels were associated with an enhanced efflux. Significant differences were found across the area for the presence of G143A, conferring QoI resistance. As there is only limited access to results from this area, these findings can serve as reference for future fungicide sensitivity investigations and for evaluation of changes in the Northern European Z. tritici population.  相似文献   

Population structure and frequency differences of CYP51 mutations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zymoseptoria tritici</Emphasis> populations in the Nordic and Baltic regions     

Nana Vagndorf  Thies Marten Heick  Annemarie Fejer Justesen  Jeppe Reitan Andersen  Ahmed Jahoor  Lise Nistrup Jørgensen  Jihad Orabi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(2):327-341

Septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici (formerly Mycosphaerella graminicola) is one of the most yield-reducing diseases worldwide. Effective disease management involves the use of resistant cultivars and application of fungicides. In this study, the population structure and genetic diversity of 183 Z. tritici isolates from Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the Baltic countries were analysed by molecular markers. In population structure analysis, isolates from Denmark and Sweden were grouped together, whereas isolates from the Baltics and Finland were grouped together. Analysis of genetic diversity and ?-values confirmed the division of Nordic and Baltic regions. Danish isolates sampled from different regions and different varieties were not genetically different. However, significant genetic differences were detected between isolates sampled from different years in Denmark and for isolates sampled from specific cultivars in different years. Additionally, the frequency of several known point mutations in the gene cyp51, conferring decreased sensitivity to DMI fungicides, was investigated. Several of the examined mutations were detected at a lower frequency in Baltic isolates compared to Danish and Swedish isolates. Analysis of the Danish population revealed a significant increase in specific mutations over the years. Lastly, some mutations were significantly more frequent in isolates derived from certain varieties. By using different resistance sources in breeding programmes and application of a wide range of fungicides, a sustainable and efficient disease management can be obtained.  相似文献   

Multiplex qPCR assay for simultaneous quantification of CYP51-S524T and SdhC-H152R substitutions in European populations of Zymoseptoria tritici     

Pierre Hellin  Maxime Duvivier  Aurélie Clinckemaillie  Charlotte Bataille  Anne Legrève  Thies M. Heick  Lise N. Jørgensen  Björn Andersson  Berit Samils  Bernd Rodemann  Gunilla Berg  Steven Kildea 《Plant pathology》2020,69(9):1666-1677

Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently relied upon for the control of septoria tritici blotch (STB) in European wheat fields. However, multiple mutations have occurred over time in the genes encoding the targeted proteins that have led to a practical loss of fungicide efficacies. Among the different amino acid substitutions in Zymoseptoria tritici associated with resistance to these fungicides, S524T in CYP51 (DMI target) and H152R in SdhC (SDHI target) are regarded as conferring the highest resistance factors to DMI and SDHI, respectively. To facilitate further studies on the monitoring and selection of these substitutions in Z. tritici populations, a multiplex allele-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay allowing for estimation of both allele frequencies in bulk DNA matrices was developed. The assay was then used on complex DNA samples originating from a spore trap network set up in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, and Ireland in 2017 and 2018, as well as on leaf samples with symptoms. The S524T allele was present in all field samples and its proportion was significantly higher in Ireland than in Belgium, whereas the proportion of H152R was only sporadically present in both countries. The frequency of S524T varied greatly in the airborne inoculum of all four countries; however, the H152R allele was never detected in the airborne inoculum. The method developed in this study can be readily adopted by other laboratories and used for multiple applications including resistance monitoring in field populations of Z. tritici.  相似文献