Parenteral Anticholinergics in Dogs With Normal and Elevated Intraocular Pressure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KAREN J. FRISCHMEYER dvm    PAUL E. MILLER dvm  diplomate acvo    YVONNE BELLAY dvm  MS    STEPHANIE L. SMEDES DVM  Diplomate ACVO  DAVID B. BRUNSON dvm  MS  Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):230-234

Dogs given parenteral anticholinergic drugs have been thought to be at risk for development or exacerbation of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effect of intramuscular glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg) on pupil diameter and IOP in unanesthetized normal dogs. Treatment with glycopyrrolate did not change pupil diameter or IOP from baseline, nor were there differences between glycopyrrolate and saline-treated (control) dogs. In addition, the authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2,828 dogs undergoing general anesthesia between April 1987 and September 1990 to determine if there was an association between parenteral anticholinergic medication and postanesthetic elevation in IOP. The authors also determined the frequency of bradycardia requiring anticholinergic therapy during anesthesia in dogs with glaucoma. Of the 2,828 cases reviewed, the records of 46 dogs coded for glaucoma were examined in detail. The 46 dogs underwent 62 episodes of anesthesia, with 23 episodes including exposure to an anticholinergic drug. An increase in IOP from preanesthetic to postanesthetic measurement occurred in three dogs. One of these dogs received anticholinergic medication for bradycardia during anesthesia. The postanesthetic elevation in IOP in this dog was probably not drug related. Preanesthetic anticholinergic administration did not affect the incidence of anticholinergic administration for bradycardia during the anesthetic episode. Anticholinergic therapy during anesthesia was more frequent when the preanesthetic medication included an opiate drug. These studies do not indicate an association between parenteral anticholinergic administration and elevations in IOP.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—SYNCHRONOUS PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS IN A DOG     

EDWARD MacKILLOP    DONALD E. THRALL  ROSE S. RANCK  KEITH E. LINDER  KAREN R. MUNANA 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(6):550-553

  相似文献   

Partial versus Complete Attenuation of Single Portosystemic Shunts     

KAREN M. SWALEC DVM  MS  DANIEL D. SMEAK DVM  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(6):406-411

Twenty-two dogs with congenital single portosystemic shunts were treated by partial or complete ligation of the shunts. Intraoperative portal pressures before and after shunt ligation, and central venous pressures measured after 3 minutes of temporary shunt occlusion, were evaluated prospectively. Portal pressures after ligation, increases in portal pressure above baseline values, and decreases in central venous pressure during temporary occlusion were significantly greater in dogs that underwent partial portosystemic shunt ligation and in dogs that developed postoperative complications. Absence of arborizing intrahepatic vasculature in intraoperative mesenteric portograms did not indicate whether partial or complete shunt attenuation could be performed safely, but it was correlated with greater occurrence of post-operative complications.  相似文献   

Purchasing Patterns and the Regional Trade Multiplier     

RODNEY A. ERICKSON 《Growth and change》1978,9(2):49-51

  相似文献   

Effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular blood flow measured by color doppler ultrasonography in male Shiba goats     

Haney SAMIR  Kazuaki SASAKI  Eman AHMED  Aly KAREN  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Mohamed EL SAYED  Kazuyoshi TAYA  Gen WATANABE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):549-556

Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1 µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr) and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups, as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant (P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats.  相似文献   

Relationship of Progesterone,Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein-1 and Nitric Oxide with Late Embryonic and Early Fetal Mortalities in Dairy Cows     

Aly KAREN  árpád Csaba BAJCSY  Rosa MINOIA  Rezs? KOVáCS  Noelita Melo DE SOUSA  Jean-Fran?ois BECKERS  János TIBOLD  István MáDL  Ottó SZENCI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(2):162-167

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of progesterone (P4), bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (bPAG-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels with late embryonic (LEM; day 28 to day 42) and early fetal mortalities (EFM; > day 42 to day 56) in dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasonography (6–8 MHz) was performed in 100 Holstein-Friesian cows at days 28, 42 and 56 after artificial insemination (AI; day 0) to diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the fate of the embryo. After ultrasound scanning of each cow, a milk sample was collected for assessment of P4 by an ELISA test and a blood sample was collected for assessment of bPAG-1, by using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay, and serum NO metabolites (nitrate + nitrite). Based on ultrasonographic examinations and bPAG-1-RIA, 41 of 100 inseminated cows were confirmed pregnant at day 28 after AI. Nine cows suffered of LEM, and 6 cows suffered of EFM and the overall pregnancy loss rate was 36.6% (15/41) between days 28 and 56 of pregnancy. By logistic regression analysis, there were no significant relationships between the level of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 28 after AI and the occurrence of LEM and EFM. Also, there were no significant relationships between the levels of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 42 and the occurrence of EFM. On the other hand, a significant relationship (P<0.05) was found between NO level at day 28 and the occurrence of LEM. In conclusion, measurement of the serum NO concentration at day 28 of pregnancy might help to predict the outcome of pregnancy by day 42 in dairy cows but further studies are needed to confirm this.  相似文献   

VASCULAR ANOMALY CAUSING SUBCLAVIAN STEAL AND CERVICAL MYELOPATHY IN A DOG: DIAGNOSIS AND ENDOVASCULAR MANAGEMENT     

DICCON R. WESTWORTH  KAREN M. VERNAU  SEAN P. CULLEN  CRAIG D. LONG  VAN V. HALBACH  RICHARD A. LECOUTEUR 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(3):265-269

A 3-year-old dog with cervical myelopathy resulting from a vascular anomaly is described. Marked intradural-extramedullary spinal cord compression was observed, in association with multilevel ectatic anastomotic radicular arterial branches connecting the left and right vertebral arteries. A nonpatent proximal segment of the right subclavian artery had resulted in compensatory enlargement of the left vertebral artery. Flow within the right vertebral artery was retrograde and fed into the patent distal segment of the right subclavian artery. Multiple imaging techniques including myelography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and selective digital angiography were used to document this anomaly. To reduce spinal cord compression the largest collateral vessel was embolized without complication. Good clinical response was observed within 6 weeks and improved clinical neurologic function was maintained at the time of a 12-month re-evaluation.  相似文献   

Industrial Development Groups,Organizational Resources,and the Prospects for Effecting Growth in Local Economies     

CRAIG R. HUMPHREY  RODNEY A. ERICKSON  EDWARD J. OTTENSMEYER 《Growth and change》1988,19(3):1-21

Using data from a survey of directors of not-for-profit industrial development groups in the United States and from a variety of secondary sources, we test the hypothesis that the presence of an active industrial development group was a significant factor in the economic growth of its service area over the 1977-to-1982 period. The data permit us to control for different levels of organizational resources among growth promotion groups as well as other traditional factors of local economic change in a regression analysis. While growth promotion groups are judged to be effective in terms of the number of jobs that are created or preserved relative to their direct expenditures of resources, neither their presence nor the levels of their organizational resources are significantly related to service area net employment change. The efforts of growth promotion groups are simply overwhelmed in importance by factors such as population size, metropolitan accessibility, location in a growth region, and manufacturing wage rates that characterize the respective service areas.  相似文献   

STARRY SKY HEPATIC ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PATTERN IN HORSES     

KELLY L. CARLSON  M. KEITH CHAFFIN  WAYNE V. CORAPI  KAREN F. SNOWDEN  DAVID G. SCHMITZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(5):568-572

The starry sky hepatic pattern is an unusual ultrasonographic appearance of equine liver characterized by numerous small, hyperechoic foci, some of which cast an acoustic shadow, distributed randomly throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Our objectives were to describe the signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, primary disease process, and ultrasonographic findings of horses with this ultrasonographic pattern, as well as determine the associated gross and histologic changes. The starry sky pattern was identified in 18 adult horses of mixed gender and breed. The horses had various clinical signs, with weight loss and anorexia reported most commonly. Liver size and parenchymal echogenicity were normal in most horses. The hyperechoic foci frequently caused acoustic shadowing. Biliary dilation was noted rarely. The ultrasonographic pattern was the result of numerous fibrosing hepatic granulomas in all horses evaluated histologically. γ‐Glutamyltransferase was the most commonly elevated hepatic enzyme, though it was increased in fewer than half the horses. Fifteen horses had an additional disease that was identified as the apparent cause of clinical signs. Three horses had primary hepatic disease while 12 had diseases of other body systems. Therefore, the starry sky ultrasonographic pattern is likely incidental in most horses and not clinically significant. Improved recognition of this pattern and further investigation of affected horses may help refine the etiology and clinical significance of the granulomas.  相似文献   

Arthrodesis for Congenital Flexural Deformity of the Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joints     

KAREN J. WHITEHAIR DVM  MS    STEPHEN B. ADAMS DVM  MS Diplomate ACVS    JAMES P. TOOMBS DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    JILL E. PARKER VMD  Diplomate ACVS    JOSEPH M. PROSTREDNY DVM  MS    JON G. WHITEHAIR DVM  SEAN W. AIKEN DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(3):228-233

A llama, a miniature horse, and a miniature donkey with severe bilateral congenital flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were treated successfully by arthrodesis with dynamic compression plating or external skeletal fixation. The flexor tendons were more taut than the suspensory ligaments and were transected. In the llama, the suspensory ligament was transected, and overcorrection caused ischemic necrosis of one distal limb and subluxation of the other fetlock joint. In the horse and donkey, the suspensory ligament was preserved and wedge osteotomy was performed to correct the deformity.  相似文献