Effects of natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids on the tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus (skuse) and non-target flower-visiting insects in urban green areas of Padua,Italy     

Daria Corcos  Luca Mazzon  Pierfilippo Cerretti  Maurizio Mei  Edoardo Giussani  Andrea Drago 《国际虫害防治杂志》2020,66(3):215-221

Abstract

The tiger mosquito is a key vector of several human diseases and is considered a public health concern worldwide. The implementation of strategies aimed at maximizing mosquito control without affecting non-target insect groups is of major importance. In a field trial, we tested the efficiency of a natural pyrethrum-based vs. a synthetic pyrethroid-based insecticide in reducing tiger mosquito population and how they affect the diversity of non-target flower-visiting insects in green urban areas. Only the pyrethroid insecticide was effective in reducing mosquito abundance, although its effects disappeared nine days after application. The two adulticides did not significantly affect the diversity of flower-visiting insects, probably because of their large body size and the difference in flying and foraging activity. To effectively control mosquito populations while preventing intoxication of non-target flower-visiting insects, adulticide applications should be applied early in the morning and only on bushes and trees. Results from our small-scale applications cannot be extrapolate when larger areas are treated.  相似文献   

Interactive effects of area and connectivity on the diversity of tachinid parasitoids in highly fragmented landscapes     

Diego J. Inclán  Pierfilippo Cerretti  Lorenzo Marini 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(5):879-889

Although many empirical and theoretical studies have elucidated the effects of habitat fragmentation on the third trophic level, little attention has been paid to the impacts of this driver on more generalist groups of non-hymenopteran parasitoids. Here, we used the highly-diverse group of tachinid flies as an alternative model to test the effects of landscape fragmentation on insect parasitoids. Our aims were: (i) to evaluate the relative importance of habitat area and connectivity losses and their potential interaction on tachinid diversity, (ii) to test whether the effects of habitat fragmentation changes seasonally, and (iii) to further assess the effect of habitat diversity on tachinid diversity and whether different parasitoid-host associations modify the species richness response to fragmentation. In 2012 a pan-trap sampling was conducted in 18 semi-natural grasslands embedded in intensive agricultural landscapes along statistically orthogonal gradients of habitat area, connectivity and habitat diversity. We found an interaction between habitat area and connectivity indicating that tachinid abundance and species richness were more negatively affected by habitat loss in landscapes with low rather than with relatively large habitat connectivity. Although tachinid communities exhibited large within-year species turnover, we found that the effects of landscape fragmentation did not change seasonally. We found that habitat diversity and host association did not affect tachinid species diversity. Our results have important implications for biodiversity conservation as any attempts to mitigate the negative effects of habitat loss need to take the general level of habitat connectivity in the landscape into account.  相似文献