Changes in walking parameters of milking cows after hoof trimming     

Yasuhiro AOKI  Mikio KAMO  Hidenori KAWAMOTO †  Jianguo ZHANG  Akihisa YAMADA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(1):103-109

We examined the walking parameters of milking cows in relation to hoof trimming. The hooves of eight Holstein cows were trimmed. Two days before and after the hoof trimming, walking behavior, limb angles, back posture and vertical movement of the back while walking were measured. Walking rate (1.27 vs 0.87 m/s; P = 0.003), step length (1.46 vs 1.33 m; P = 0.009) and stepping rate (0.78 vs 0.65 steps/s; P = 0.046) were found to increase significantly after hoof trimming. Limb angles at the start and end of the support phase changed significantly after hoof trimming, thus indicating an improvement in the ‘on tiptoe’ appearance. The parameters relating to backline indicated that the marked arched shape of the back diminished after hoof trimming. Before hoof trimming, the positions of the withers varied widely and irregularly while walking; however, it changed after hoof trimming as the sinusoid curve and the range of vertical movement of withers decreased significantly. Overall, it has been quantitatively indicated that walking characteristics are improved after hoof trimming. The parameters used in the present study are expected to be useful for monitoring the walking characteristics of cows.  相似文献   

Contribution of militarine and dactylorhin A to the plant growth‐inhibitory activity of a weed‐suppressing orchid,Bletilla striata     

EMI SAKUNO  TSUNASHI KAMO  TOMOKO TAKEMURA  HAJIME SUGIE  SYUNTARO HIRADATE  YOSHIHARU FUJII 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(3):202-207

The methanol extract of Bletilla striata, an ornamental orchid in eastern Asia, exhibited plant growth‐inhibitory activity. It was purified by continuous chromatography, based on the inhibitory activity against the growth of lettuce seedlings, resulting in two glycosidic compounds, militarine and dactylorhin A. The EC₅₀ values of militarine and dactylorhin A against the radicle elongation of the lettuce seedlings were 0.28 and 0.88 mmol L^?1, respectively. The amount of militarine and dactylorhin A in the methanol extract of the aerial part of B. striata was calculated to be 5.6 and 7.5 mg g^?1 fresh weight, respectively. The inhibitory activity of militarine and its content in the methanol extract revealed that the plant growth‐inhibitory activity of the extract of B. striata was mainly related to militarine. The inhibitory activity of militarine against the growth of Italian ryegrass and timothy were of the same level as that of lettuce.  相似文献   

Biosynthetic origin of the nitrogen atom in cyanamide in Vicia villosa subsp. varia     

Tsunashi KAMO  Kenji KATO  Shun ABE  Mitsuru HIROTA  Hiroko YAMAYA  Syuntaro HIRADATE  Yoshiharu FUJII 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(2):235-242

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