Upper body movement analysis of multiple limb asymmetry in 367 clinically lame horses     

Suphannika Phutthachalee  Kathrin Mählmann  Suvaluk Seesupa  Christoph Lischer 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):701-709

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Effects of predator-induced visual and olfactory cues on 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) foraging behaviour     

V. N. Mikheev  J. Wanzenböck  A. F. Pasternak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):111-117

Abstract –  Foraging juvenile fish with relatively high food demands are usually vulnerable to various aquatic and avian predators. To compromise between foraging and antipredator activity, they need exact and reliable information about current predation risk. Among direct predator-induced cues, visual and olfactory signals are considered to be most important. Food intake rates and prey-size selectivity of laboratory-reared, naive young-of-the-year (YOY) perch, Perca fluviatilis , were studied in experiments with Daphnia magna of two size classes: 2.8 and 1.3 mm as prey and northern pike, Esox lucius , as predator. Neither total intake rate nor prey-size selectivity was modified by predator kairomones alone (water from an aquarium with a pike was pumped into the test aquaria) under daylight conditions. Visual presentation of pike reduced total food intake by perch. This effect was significantly more pronounced (synergistic) when visual and olfactory cues were presented simultaneously to foraging perch. Moreover, the combination of cues caused a significant shift in prey-size selection, expressed as a reduced proportion of large prey in the diet. Our observations demonstrate that predator-induced olfactory cues alone are less important modifiers of the feeding behaviour of naive YOY perch than visual cues under daylight conditions. However, pike odour acts as a modulatory stimulus enhancing the effects of visual cues, which trigger an innate response in perch.  相似文献   

Seidenspinnerkokons aus den Jahren 1870 und 1940     

Dr. Heinrich Härdtl 《Journal of pest science》1941,17(4):43-47

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz von Kohlgemüse: 2. Kohlhernie, Alternaria- und Phoma-Blattfleckenkrankheit     

Paul Scholze  Reiner Krämer  Frank Marthe  Ulrich Ryschka  Evelyn Klocke  Günter Schumann 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(7):199-204

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Predicting across scales comments of the guest editors of Landscape Ecology     

Virginia H. Dale  Robert H. Gardner  Monica G. Turner 《Landscape Ecology》1989,3(3-4):147-151

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Möglichkeiten zur Förderung und zum Einsatz von Nützlingen an Stadtbäumen     

Barbara Jäckel  Hartmut Balder  Kristina Hasselmann 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2002,54(7):218-226

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Bedeutung von Regenwurmröhren für die Verlagerung des Herbizids Diuron in Böden von Obstanlagen     

S. Pätzold  G. W. Brümmer 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2004,46(3):74-80

Herbicide translocation was investigated in a Haplic Luvisol from loess (clayey silt; Klein-Altendorf near Bonn, Germany) and a Eutric Cambisol (sandy loam; fluvial sediments on the lower Rhine terrace north of Bonn) using the herbicide diuron as an example. diuron was applied once a year in May at the recommended dose of 2.4 kg/ha. It rapidly degraded in the topsoil: the “time for 50% disappearance” (DT₅₀) was 14–30 days. A population of adapted soil micro-organisms, which is repeatedly exposed to applications of the same compound every year, is thought to be responsible for this fast degradation. Remaining Diuron residues were largely degraded in the loess soil during the subsequent summer and became less mobile due to increasing binding strength. As a result, residue levels and leaching in the loess soil during the winter were negligible, with diuron traces of less than 10 µg/kg below the topsoil 11 months after application. Comparison of the translocation in a sandy loam soil showed—as expected—that diuron was leached to the subsoil to a higher extent than in clayey silt (loess). However, in the loess soil, diuron leached to the subsoil via macropores after 20 mm of natural precipitation within 1 week after herbicide application due to macropore flow. Colour tracer and analysis of the linings of earthworm burrows identified these macropores as preferred pathways of herbicide leaching. Macropore flow occurred in wet soil and moist soil with a sealed surface or crust but not in dry soil. Superficial mechanical soil cultivation before the herbicide application is discussed as one possibility to interrupt macropore entries and reduce herbicide leaching after its application in the spring.  相似文献   

The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

U. Merz  V. Martinez  R. Schwärzel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):71-77

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.  相似文献   

Effects of dobutamine,dopamine, phenylephrine and noradrenaline on systemic haemodynamics and intestinal perfusion in isoflurane anaesthetised horses          下载免费PDF全文

C. Dancker  K. Rohn  S. B. Kästner 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(1):104-110

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Genetic diversity and historic introgression in German Angler and Red Dual Purpose cattle and possibilities to reverse introgression     

J. Schäler  R. Wellmann  J. Bennewitz  G. Thaller  D. Hinrichs 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):63-72

Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints.  相似文献