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Esperanza Romero Jesús Fernández-Bayo Jean Manuel Castillo Díaz Rogelio Nogales 《Applied soil ecology》2010,44(3):198-204
Mineral fertilizers, organic amendments, and pesticides are inputs commonly used in conventional farming practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single or combined applications of spent grape marc-vermicompost, urea, and/or diuron on soil-enzyme activities and the persistence of this herbicide in soils with low organic carbon content. The application of vermicompost enhanced dehydrogenase (DHase) enzyme activity over time but altered soil urease activity to a very limited extent. The reduction in diuron concentrations and the increase in DHase activity indicated that the soil microorganisms were capable of degrading the ureic herbicide. Treatment with vermicompost and diuron had a stimulatory effect on soil microbial activity. On the whole, the application of diuron and urea to the vermicompost-amended soil raised DHase and urease activity to maximum levels (>3 μg INTF g?1 h?1 and >47 μg NH4+ g?1 h?1, respectively). The application of urea to the unamended and vermicompost-amended soil decreased diuron persistence from 18.8 and 33 d to 12.5 and 15 d, respectively. Our findings show that although vermicompost additions reduce diuron availability, this boosts diuron degradation when combined with urea. These additions, under different soil management conditions, minimize the bioavailability and persistence of diuron and consequently the risk of leaching and seepage into aquifers. Compared with untreated soils, these types of treated soils could also improve agricultural sustainability and the quality of the environment. 相似文献
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David Fernndez‐Calvio Lorena Prez‐Armada Laura Cutillas‐Barreiro Remigio Paradelo‐Núez Avelino Núez‐Delgado María J. Fernndez‐Sanjurjo Esperanza lvarez‐Rodriguez Manuel Arias‐Estvez 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1276-1285
Mining activities are related to relevant environmental pollution issues that should be controlled. We used sequential extractions to fractionate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn retained on unamended or mussel shell‐amended mine soil samples, all of them treated with a mixture of the five heavy metals (total metal concentration of 1·57 mmol L−1), after 1, 7 and 30 days of incubation. In addition, we used the stirred flow chamber technique to study the release of each of the five heavy metals from these different unamended and shell‐amended soil samples. The results indicate that the shell amendment caused a decrease in the most soluble fraction, while increasing the most recalcitrant (least mobile) fraction. With equivalent implications, the stirred flow chamber experiments showed that mussel shell amendment was associated to a decrease in heavy metal release and increased retention. The highest mussel shell dose and incubation time caused the most relevant changes in pH values and thus in metal retention, also indicating the importance of pH modifications in the mechanism of retention acting in the amended samples. In view of these results, the use of mussel shell amendment can be encouraged to increase heavy metal retention in acid mine soils, in order to minimise risks of environmental pollution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Fermin Rivera Gloria Vilaclara Alfonso Lugo Pedro Ramirez Esperanza Robles Antonio Labastida 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,37(1-2):1-12
Protozoological and physicochemical analyses were performed in a waste stabilization pond at Sto. Tomas Atzingo, a small town near Mexico City, in order to discern the internal dynamics of the pond water through the study of the spatial distribution pattern of flagellates and the parallel water volume distribution pattern of some selected physicochemical determined parameters. The statistical method applied to the data obtained was by cluster analysis. The results showed a slight trend to heterogeneity in the system, when it was evaluated through the physicochemically determined parameters. On the other hand, the spatial distribution pattern of the flagellates pointed out a remarkable heterogeneity in the pond. In systems like the one studied where the main feature is an organic matter overload, such a difference in findings indicates a low correlation between the biological parameters, in this case the flagellates, and the physicochemical variables, that should be considered when evaluating the water quality of such systems, either through the physicochemical, the biological or both scopes. 相似文献
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Elena Falqué Esperanza Fernández Denis Dubourdieu 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(3):538-543
White wines experimentally produced from the white grape varieties Loureira, Dona Branca, and Treixadura have been analyzed over four consecutive harvests. The contents of monoterpenes, volatile phenols, alcohols, sulfur components, acetates, fatty acids, and ethyl esters were determined by gas chromatography (FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mean values from four vintages confirmed that these wines have characteristic profiles. Loureira wines are characterized by a high content of free terpenes, 1-hexanol, ethyl acetate, and fatty acids. Dona Branca wines present the highest concentrations of methanol and sulfur constituents, and the lowest concentrations of higher alcohols, acetates, diethyl succinate, and ethyl esters. The levels of monoterpenes in Treixadura wines are very low, but they have the highest concentrations of volatile phenols, principally due to the vanillin, diethyl succinate, ethyl lactate, and ethyl esters. These results were confirmed by principal component and linear discriminant analysis, which show a clear differentiation among these wines as a function of the varietal origin. 相似文献
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Martín-Cabrejas MA Ariza N Esteban R Mollá E Waldron K López-Andréu FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1254-1259
The effect of different conditions of pea germination on dietary fiber (DF) composition was studied. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the resultant neutral sugars, uronic acids, and Klason lignin were quantified. Germinated peas exhibited significantly higher contents of total dietary fiber (TDF) than the raw sample, due to the increases of both DF fractions. Under darkness conditions, germination exhibited the highest contents of IDF and SDF. Decreasing IDF/SDF ratios showed that the carbohydrate changes did not take place to the same extent during germination, the SDF fraction being the most affected. The detailed chemical composition of fiber fractions reveals increases of cellulose in the IDF of germinated samples, whereas SDF exhibits a decrease of pectic polysaccharides and also increases of polysaccharides rich in glucose and mannose. The DF results were corroborated by a comparative examination of the cell wall carbohydrate composition. 相似文献
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Vicent Calatayud María José Sanz Esperanza Calvo Júlia Cerveró Wolfgang Ansel Andreas Klumpp 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,183(1-4):283-291
A biomonitoring study using the ozone-sensitive bioindicator plant Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bel-W3 was conducted in the city of Valencia (eastern Spain) and surrounding areas in 2002. Plants were exposed to ambient air at seven sites, including four traffic-exposed urban sites, a large urban garden and a suburban and a rural station, for six consecutive 2-week periods using highly standardised methods. Foliar injury was registered at all stations in at least one of the exposure periods. The urban stations submitted to intense traffic showed lower ozone injury than the less traffic-exposed stations. Strong changes in the intensity of ozone injury were observed for the different exposure periods. Leaf injury was significantly related to both mean ozone values (24 and 12 h means) and cumulative exposure indices (AOT20, AOT40). However, correlation strength was moderate (r s?=?0.39 to 0.58), suggesting that the plant response to ozone was modified by environmental factors. The use of sensitive bioindicators like tobacco Bel-W3 in cities provides complementary information to that of continuously operating air quality monitors, as the impact of ambient ozone levels is directly measured. 相似文献
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Effect of industrial dehydration on the soluble carbohydrates and dietary fiber fractions in legumes
Martín-Cabrejas MA Aguilera Y Benítez V Molla E López-Andréu FJ Esteban RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7652-7657
The effects of soaking, cooking, and industrial dehydration treatments on soluble carbohydrates, including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and also on total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and soluble (SDF) dietary fiber fractions were studied in legumes (lentil and chickpea). Ciceritol and stachyose were the main alpha-galactosides for chickpea and lentil, respectively. The processing involved a drastic reduction of soluble carbohydrates of these legumes, 85% in the case of lentil and 57% in the case of chickpea. The processed legume flours presented low residual levels of alpha-galactosides, which are advisable for people with digestive problems. Processing of legumes involved changes in dietary fiber fractions. A general increase of IDF (27-36%) due to the increase of glucose and Klason lignin was observed. However, a different behavior of SDF was exhibited during thermal dehydration, this fraction increasing in the case of chickpea (32%) and decreasing in the case of lentil (27%). This is probably caused by the different structures and compositions of the cell wall networks of the legumes. 相似文献
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María S. Serrano Pilar Fernández-Rebollo Paolo De Vita M. Esperanza Sánchez 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(2):409-414
The susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi of four crops (wheat, oat, vetch, and yellow lupin) commonly planted in rangeland ecosystems in southern Spain was evaluated. By means of in vitro infection experiments, the presence of the pathogen into the roots of yellow lupin (symptomatic) and vetch (asymptomatic) was observed, but never into wheat and oat roots (asymptomatic). It was also demonstrated that yellow lupin stimulated the production of zoospores of P. cinnamomi. Vetch, wheat and oat did not stimulate zoospore production. Under controlled conditions, only yellow lupin induced an increase in the number of viable chlamydospores in the soil. We concluded that the culture of wheat, oat, and vetch in rangelands did not influence the epidemiology of the Quercus root disease, even when asymptomatically-infected vetch is grown, and these crops can constitute an alternative to the culture of yellow lupin in rangeland ecosystems affected by Quercus root rot. 相似文献