繁殖母猪的能量和蛋白质营养(续完)     

J.Noblet  J.Y.Dourmad 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2001,(6):18-21

泌乳母猪的营养　　 能量需要量和妊娠母猪一样 ,用于估计泌乳母猪能量需要量的基本数据见表 1。显而易见 ,最重要的变异因子是母猪的产奶量水平。母猪的产奶量很难测定 ,通常是通过窝增重来进行估计 (Ｎｏｂｌｅｔ和Ｅｔｉｅｎｎｅ,1 989;表1 )。引起泌乳母猪奶产量及进而引起泌乳母猪的能量需要量发生变化的因素可见Ｅｔｉｅｎｎｅ等 (1 999)及Ｎｏ ｂｌｅｔ(1 999)的综述。图 2所示为能量需要量随窝重增长而发生的变化。窝增重从每天 2 0 0 0克增加到每天3 0 0 0克 ,母猪代谢能需要量将从每天 80兆焦增至每天 1 0 5兆焦 ,或者说相当于常…  相似文献   

Feline herpesvirus     

Gaskell R  Dawson S  Radford A  Thiry E 《Veterinary research》2007,38(2):337-354

Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1; felid herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1)) is an alphaherpesvirus of cats closely related to canine herpesvirus-1 and phocine herpesvirus-1. There is only one serotype of the virus and it is relatively homogenous genetically. FeHV-1 is an important cause of acute upper respiratory tract and ocular disease in cats. In addition, its role in more chronic ocular disease and skin lesions is increasingly being recognised. Epidemiologically, FeHV-1 behaves as a typical alphaherpesvirus whereby clinically recovered cats become latently infected carriers which undergo periodic episodes of virus reactivation, particularly after a stress. The primary site of latency is the trigeminal ganglion. Conventional inactivated and modified-live vaccines are available and protect reasonably well against disease but not infection, although viral shedding may be reduced. Genetically engineered vaccines have also been developed, both for FeHV-1 and as vector vaccines for other pathogens, but none is as yet marketed.  相似文献   

Estimating spatial distribution of Atlantic salmon escapement using redd counts despite changes over time in counting procedure: application to the Allier River population     

Guillaume J.R. Dauphin  Catherine Brugel  Marion Hoffmann‐Legrand  Etienne Prévost 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(4):626-636

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Characterizing the complexity of landscape boundaries by remote sensing   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Jean Paul Metzger  Etienne Muller 《Landscape Ecology》1996,11(2):65-77

This paper presents a method for characterizing the complexity of landscape boundaries by remote sensing. This characterization is supported by a new boundary typology, that takes into account points where three or more landcovers converge (i.e., convergency points or coverts). Landscape boundary richness and diversity indices were proposed and calculated over 19 landscapes in South-East Brazil. Results showed that landscape boundaries, especially convergency points, provided an enrichment in landscape pattern analysis. Landcover boundary diversities were significantly related to landcover shape: elongated riparian units had the highest values for boundary diversity and coverts proportion indices. On the other hand, landscape analysis showed that indices of shape, richness, diversity and coverts proportion provided an additional evaluation of landcover spatial distribution within the landscape.  相似文献   

ECG of the month. Narrow-complex monomorphic tachycardia with a ventricular rate of 320 beats/min     

Good L  Côté E  Wright KN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(8):1108-1111

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DNA sequences coding for the F18 fimbriae and AIDA adhesin are localised on the same plasmid in Escherichia coli isolates from piglets   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mainil JG  Jacquemin E  Pohl P  Kaeckenbeeck A  Benz I 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,86(4):303-311

The adhesin-involved-in-diffuse-adherence (AIDA) afimbrial adhesin is produced by human, but not by animal, Escherichia coli, with the exception of German porcine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) [Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8 (2001) 143]. Presence and localisation of DNA sequences (aidA) coding for and production of an AIDA adhesin were investigated in a collection of Belgian VTEC and non-VTEC E. coli isolated from piglets at weaning time. The 174 isolates were also studied by colony hybridisation for the presence of DNA sequences coding for the Stx2e verocytotoxin and the F18 fimbrial adhesin (fed): 71 were Stx2+F18+AIDA+, 26 were F18+AIDA+, 12 were AIDA+, two were Stx2+AIDA+, and one was Stx2+ only. Fifty-four of the 58 (F18+)AIDA+ isolates tested positive in a western blotting assay with an immune serum raised against the AIDA protein. Hybridisation with the AIDA gene probe on plasmid DNA profiles identified a probe-positive plasmid band in the 10 AIDA+ and in 24 of the 25 F18+AIDA+ isolates studied. Moreover in F18+AIDA+ isolates, only one plasmid band hybridised with both F18 and AIDA probes. These results confirm the presence of aidA-related genes in not only VTEC, but also non-VTEC, isolates from piglets and the production of an antigenically AIDA-related protein by the majority of probe-positive E. coli. Moreover the plasmid DNA hybridisation results suggest a localisation on the same plasmid of the aidA- and fed-related DNA sequences.  相似文献   

Adaptations of glucose metabolism in multiparous sows: effects of pregnancy and feeding level   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Père MC  Etienne M  Dourmad JY 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(11):2933-2941

This experiment was undertaken to determine whether pregnancy affects glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in sows fed at different levels. Four replicates of six multiparous Large White sows were involved. In each replicate, four sows were inseminated on the first postweaning estrus (pregnant group) and the two remaining were kept nonpregnant. Half of the sows of each group were fed 2.5 kg/d (low level) and the others 4 kg/d (high level) of the same standard pregnancy diet. Jugular catheters were implanted 2 to 3 d after estrus. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and FFA were determined before and during the 4 h following the morning meal at 10, 30, 59, 87, 93, 101, and 110 d of gestation and at equivalent periods for the nonpregnant sows. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed at 33, 71, 85, 96, and 108 d by i.v. injection of 0.5 g glucose/kg BW. Compared with the glycemia before the meal, all the sows showed hyperglycemia 30 min after the initiation of the meal and hypoglycemia thereafter, with a minimum reached at approximately 75 min. Insulinemia increased from 20 min after food access, reached a maximum at 40 min, and returned to the basal level after 180 min. The higher feeding level increased plasma insulin and lowered plasma glucose levels. Glycemia and insulinemia profiles changed from 87 d onward in the pregnant sows. The peak of glucose induced by the meal was higher, and the subsequent period of hypoglycemia almost disappeared. The area under the insulin curve was unchanged, but insulin secretion was delayed. The glucose tolerance tests showed that between d 85 and 108 the half-life of injected glucose increased and insulin secretion was delayed in the pregnant sows. Compared to the following stages, plasma FFA were high before and after the meal at 10 d, which most likely was a residual effect from the previous gestation/lactation cycle. They were lower from 30 to 101 d in the pregnant and nonpregnant sows. At 110 d, fasting FFA were high again in the pregnant sows only, very likely in relation to the preparation for lactation. This experiment showed that insulin sensitivity decreases after 85 d of pregnancy in multiparous sows.  相似文献   

Resistance in water yam (Dioscorea alata) cultivars in the French West Indies to anthracnose disease based on tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay     

T. J. Onyeka  D. Pétro  G. Ano  S. Etienne  S. Rubens 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):671-678

Reactions of 60 water yam ( Dioscorea alata ) cultivars to three isolates of the yam anthracnose fungal pathogen ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) were evaluated using tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay. Three disease parameters: single score on a scale of 0–6 at the seventh day after inoculation (SD7); area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC); and disease progress rate ( R _d) were compared, and cultivars were classified into disease-response groups using a rank-sum method based on AUDPC scores for the two most virulent isolates. A wide range of variation in resistance of the D. alata cultivars, and significant effects of pathogen isolate and isolate–cultivar interactions, were observed for all disease parameters. The three disease parameters were positively correlated; however, four cultivars showed great dispersions from the regression lines for comparisons of SD7 with the multiple assessments based AUDPC and R _d. The 60 cultivars were separated into resistant ( n  = 12), moderately resistant ( n  = 19), moderately susceptible ( n  = 18) and susceptible ( n  = 11) groups. The potential of the tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay to resistance breeding programmes and further understanding of the yam anthracnose pathosystem is discussed.  相似文献   

Somaclonal variation in Coffea arabica: effects of genotype and embryogenic cell suspension age on frequency and phenotype of variants     

Etienne H  Bertrand B 《Tree physiology》2003,23(6):419-426

We determined how age of embryogenic cell suspensions affects somaclonal variation in five F1 hybrids of Coffea arabica L. Batches of plants were produced either directly from embryogenic callus, or after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of embryogenic cell suspension culture. Seven phenotypic variants were characterized. Based on vigor and productivity of the regenerated plants, we classified the variants in order of increasing severity of physiological disorders as: Juvenile leaf color, Giant, Dwarf, Thick leaf (Bullata), Variegata, Angustifolia, and Multi-stem. The Dwarf, Angustifolia and Multi-stem variants were the most frequent among the regenerated plants (1.4, 4.8 and 2.9%, respectively). The frequency (f) of variants increased exponentially with the age (t) of the embryogenic suspension, in accordance with the function f = 0.99e(0.267t). For all genotypes, somaclonal variation was low (1.3%) in plants produced from embryogenic callus or 3-month-old cell suspensions and increased in frequency with increasing suspension age (6, 10 and 25% in plants produced from cell suspensions aged 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively). Large differences in somaclonal variation among genotypes were found only in plants produced from 12-month-old cell suspensions. For two genotypes, the oldest suspensions produced a majority of somaclonal variants (80-90%), whereas somaclonal variation ranged between 8 and 18% in the other genotypes. Cell suspension age and genotype also affected the type of variant produced. The severity of somaclonal variations increased with cell suspension age. For all genotypes combined, the Angustifolia variant was the most common. The other somaclonal variations were specific to certain genotypes or distributed randomly among the genotypes.  相似文献   

Field effect of P fertilization on N2 fixation rate of Ulex europaeus     

Xavier Cavard  Laurent Augusto  Etienne Saur  Pierre Trichet 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):875-881

European gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) N₂ fixation rate (%Ndfa) was studied in a maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aït.) oligotrophic forest. Fertilization field trials were carried out on 5 sites with various inputs of phosphorus (0–240 kg P₂O₅·ha^?1). Seven to ten years after pine planting, gorse were sampled to evaluate the effect of P fertilization on gorse %Ndfa, determined using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method. One of the prerequisites of this method is the existence of a significant difference between the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios in the atmospheric N reference and in the stand soil N references. This prerequisite was satisfied for 80 of 120 cases. The average %Ndfa was high (70 ± 3%) but with high local variability. No significant difference in %Ndfa was detected among P treatments. Nitrogen concentration of gorse was significantly higher in the highest dose treatments compared to the control.  相似文献