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排序方式： 共有103条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Atlantic salmon, S almo salar L., were exposed to different concentrations of Paramoeba sp. The lowest concentration which induced amoebic gill disease (AGD) was 230 Paramoeba sp. L–1 and the severity of infection increased with increasing concentration. The concentration of Paramoeba sp. positively correlated with the number of gill lesions ( R 2 > 0.7). This study provides evidence that Paramoeba sp. is the causative agent of AGD and describes an experimental model that enables the severity of the induced disease to be controlled. 相似文献
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Parasitic infections caused by Tetrahymena sp. constitute a serious problem in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Tetrahymena was isolated from skin lesions of naturally infected guppies in a commercial aquaculture farm, cultured in vitro and used in subsequent experimental infections. In addition to guppies, angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, platyfish, Xiphophorus maculates, and neontetra, Paracheirodon innesi, were susceptible, whereas tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus xO. aureus) was resistant. The ciliate had a high affinity for dead fish. Skin abrasion did not affect the infection, but fish with gas bubble disease exhibited a significantly higher infection than non-affected fish. Infection was significantly higher when fish were exposed to high levels of ammonia, high organic load and low water temperatures. Under shipment conditions, infection was significantly elevated. Full recovery was achieved at a low fish density. Results suggest that poor environmental and physiological conditions enhance infection with Tetrahymena sp. 相似文献
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Quantitative data were obtained for arboreal species within 50 lowland forests in southeastern Ohio. Thirty-seven communities were dominated by Betula nigra L. and 13 were dominated by Acer saccharinum L. The acidic soils collected from B. nigra communities contained toxic concentrations of exchangeable Al and low concentrations of Ca and Mg. Tree species diversity (Shannon-Weaver index) and species equitability were inversely related to high concentrations of exchangeable Al and H and directly related to high concentrations of exchangeable Ca and Mg and an increase in soil pH. 相似文献
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鸡粪生物炭表征及其对水和土壤镉铅的修复效果 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
采用缺氧控温法,在200、400、600和800℃条件下制备鸡粪生物炭(BC200、BC400、BC600和BC800),利用比表面积及孔径分析仪(BETacceleratedsurfaceareaandporosimetrysystem)、扫描电镜(scanningelectron microscopy)、透射电镜(transmission electron microscope)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)等对其理化性质和结构特征进行表征,并研究了鸡粪不同温度处理下生物炭对水体和土壤中Cd、Pb污染修复效果。结果表明,鸡粪生物炭灰分含量、pH值、BET比表面积及孔径随热解温度的升高而增加,表面出现大量无规则的孔隙结构,且以介孔为主,而生物炭产率则随温度升高而显著降低(P0.05)。鸡粪生物炭对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附分为快速吸附和慢吸附2个阶段,Elovich模型能更好地模拟Pb2+、Cd2+的动力学过程,平衡时最大吸附量分别达到52.02 mg/g (BC600)和242.59 mg/g (BC800)。添加鸡粪生物炭显著提高了土壤pH值(P0.05),而TCLP提取态Pb、Cd含量降低,最大较对照分别降低16.5%和14.5%。与对照相比,鸡粪生物炭不同程度上降低了Pb、Cd弱酸提取态、可还原态以及可氧化态比例,其残渣态比例则分别增加了5.49%～15.14%和2.51%～6.30%。综上所述,鸡粪生物炭对重金属Pb、Cd具有较强的钝化效果。 相似文献
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Pablo Bielza Virginia Balanza Dina Cifuentes Jos E Mendoza 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3517-3526
Biological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey‐density dependence, non‐suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non‐prey food (supplemented or plant‐derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Objective— To evaluate combined bilateral thyroarytenoid cartilage lateralization, vocal fold excision, and mucosoplasty technique (BTAL) through ventral median laryngotomy for treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs.
Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=67) with laryngeal paralysis.
Methods— Medical records were reviewed for dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis that had BTAL between January 1998 and March 2005. Retrieved data included signalment, history, physical and laryngoscopic examination findings, clinicopathologic tests, and results of recheck examination findings.
Results— BTAL was performed by a single surgeon. Short-term (<6 months) follow-up information was available for 67 dogs and long-term (>12 months) for 40 dogs. Major postoperative complications were surgical failures (13; 7 short term, 6 long term) and aspiration pneumonia (1). Mean recurrence of clinical signs was at 19 weeks (range, 2–30 weeks). Minor complications occurred in 22 (33%) dogs including occasional coughing or gagging, stridorous breathing during exercise, panting, noisy or heavy breathing, and aspiration pneumonia (3 dogs) that did not require hospitalization. All owners reported an improved quality of life and had no regrets with surgical outcome.
Conclusions— BTAL is seemingly an effective procedure for treatment of laryngeal paralysis.
Clinical Relevance— BTAL is associated with a low incidence of aspiration pneumonia; however, there is substantial risk of recurrence of clinical signs associated with narrowing of the glottis. Consequently, unilateral arytenoid lateralization currently represents the accepted approach to the treatment of laryngeal paralysis. 相似文献
Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=67) with laryngeal paralysis.
Methods— Medical records were reviewed for dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis that had BTAL between January 1998 and March 2005. Retrieved data included signalment, history, physical and laryngoscopic examination findings, clinicopathologic tests, and results of recheck examination findings.
Results— BTAL was performed by a single surgeon. Short-term (<6 months) follow-up information was available for 67 dogs and long-term (>12 months) for 40 dogs. Major postoperative complications were surgical failures (13; 7 short term, 6 long term) and aspiration pneumonia (1). Mean recurrence of clinical signs was at 19 weeks (range, 2–30 weeks). Minor complications occurred in 22 (33%) dogs including occasional coughing or gagging, stridorous breathing during exercise, panting, noisy or heavy breathing, and aspiration pneumonia (3 dogs) that did not require hospitalization. All owners reported an improved quality of life and had no regrets with surgical outcome.
Conclusions— BTAL is seemingly an effective procedure for treatment of laryngeal paralysis.
Clinical Relevance— BTAL is associated with a low incidence of aspiration pneumonia; however, there is substantial risk of recurrence of clinical signs associated with narrowing of the glottis. Consequently, unilateral arytenoid lateralization currently represents the accepted approach to the treatment of laryngeal paralysis. 相似文献
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黄淮海地区商品鸡饲料中重金属含量特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了从源头有效控制家禽养殖重金属污染,本文调查了黄淮海地区（北京、天津、河南、河北、山东、江苏、安徽）180个商品鸡饲料样品,分析了不同省市、不同养殖品种和不同生育期饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb和As 8种重金属含量特征。结果表明：黄淮海地区鸡饲料中重金属含量变化幅度较大,饲料样品中Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量范围分别为0.05~9.91、52.59~726.68、0.02~6.84、12.74~458.70、34.09~594.78、0.01~3.98、0.01~1.96 mg·kg-1和0.02~10.76 mg·kg-1,与我国《鸡饲养标准》（NY/T 33—2004）含量相比,饲料样品Mn、Cu、Zn超标率分别为99.1%、100%、69.0%,与《饲料卫生标准》（GB 13078—2001）含量相比,饲料样品中Pb、Cd含量超标率为39.7%、23.50%。不同省市鸡饲料中重金属的含量存在一定差异,总体上来看,安徽省鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,天津市鸡饲料中含量最低。蛋鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别为680.86、458.70、580.27 mg·kg-1,肉鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别达到726.68、399.07、594.78 mg·kg-1,蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn平均含量均超过我国《鸡饲养标准》。总体来看,产蛋期蛋鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,中后期肉鸡饲料中重金属含量较高。 相似文献