Biochemical Changes in Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii During Larval Development     

Paymon  Roustaian Mohd Salleh  Kamarudin Hishamuddin Bin  Omar Che Roos  Saad Mansor Haji  Ahmad 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(1):53-59

Abstract.— Quantitative changes in the protein, lipid and carbohydrate were studied in the early larval stages of developing freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared under fed and starved conditions to understand the relative importance of these nutrients in energy metabolism of the growing larvae. Larvae obtained from several females were stocked into three 250-L tanks at a density of 30 larvae/L. The feeding regime consisted of newly hatched Artemia nauplii. Protein was always the major organic constituent followed by lipids and then carbohydrates of both fed and starved larvae. Protein levels of both fed and starved larvae increased during development, suggesting an important role in morphogenesis. The decline of lipid during the larval growth that was more rapid for starved larvae, suggests a probable utilization of lipid as the major metabolic source of energy. Carbohydrates formed less than 5 and 2.4% of the larval dry weight of fed and starved larvae, respectively, suggesting their limited role in larval metabolism.  相似文献   

Detection,isolation and characterization of cowpea mosaic virus in Egypt     

Abdel Aleem  Engy E.  Fattouh  Faiza A.  Omar  Soad M. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(6):599-602

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Cowpea mosaic virus is among the most economically important viruses infecting cowpea. Incidence of infection was assessed in two governorates in Egypt,...  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Chlamydia abortus in frozen fetal and placental tissues of aborting ewes in northeastern Algeria     

Sana Hireche  Mustafa Mohammed Kheir Ababneh  Omar Bouaziz  Sabrina Boussena 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):255-262

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The use of FAMACHA in estimation of gastrointestinal nematodes and total worm burden in Damara and Barbados Blackbelly cross sheep     

Konto Mohammed  Yusuf Abba  Nur Syairah Binti Ramli  Murugaiyah Marimuthu  Mohammed Ariff Omar  Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah  Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq  Abdulnasir Tijjani  Eric Lim Teik Chung  Mohammed Azmi Mohammed Lila 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(5):1013-1020

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Discovery of novel (N-aryl-4-methylpiperidinyl)pyrazoles: a new class of potent lepidopteran insecticides     

Thomas F. Pahutski  Omar K. Ahmad  Eric A. Marshall  Kathleen Joraski  James D. Barry  Craig Keathley  Daniel Cordova  Eric Benner  David Nesnow  Laurie Christianson  Rachel D. Slack  George P. Lahm 《Pest management science》2023,79(5):1743-1749

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Mechanism of hydantoin ring opening in iprodione in aqueous media     

Omar Belafdal  Michel Bergon  Jean P. Calmon 《Pest management science》1986,17(4):335-342

The hydrolysis kinetics of iprodione in alkaline solutions of pH 8.3 to 12 at 25°C have been determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Under these conditions, iprodione leads quantitatively and irreversibly to N-(3,5-dichloroanilinocarbonyl)-N-(isopropylaminocarbonyl)glycine. The reaction is not subject to a general basic catalysis and the rate law takes the form K_obs = K_OH- [OH^?1]. The activation entropy of -77 J mol^?1deg^?1, the value of the kinetic solvent isotope effect k_OH?/k_OD? of 0.79 and the value of 0.60 for the Hammett parameter σ, obtained for the hydrolysis of a series of 3-aryl-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamides are all in agreement with the rate-determining attack by the hydroxyl ion on the carbonyl in the 4-position of the hydantoin ring of the fungicide.  相似文献   

An initial survey of the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) in Nicaragua     

Villarino MA  Garcia O  Fussell W  Preston K  Wagner GG 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,61(4):333-338

After the civil war and the Hurricane-Mitch disaster, cattlemen in Nicaragua were forced to transport their cattle from lowland areas to higher, dryer areas of the country. These areas are natural ecological niches for the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) (Diptera: Cuterebridae). To determine the importance of this infestation, the Agricultural and Livestock-Forestry Ministry selected a central area of Nicaragua to run a pioneer survey program to acquire information about hosts involved, number of cases, treatments applied and general knowledge of 42 farmers about the life cycle of the parasite. The subjects were either farm owners or farm managers. Ninety-five percentage of the farms indicated cases of D. hominis infestation in their animals, with cattle being the most affected host (100% of the affected farms). There was poor understanding of the D. hominis life cycle, vectors and control methods. A misuse of insecticides for the treatment of larval infestation by D. hominis was indicated.  相似文献   

Early hepatic immune response in rats infected with Fasciola hepatica     

Tliba O  Moire N  Le Vern Y  Boulard C  Chauvin A  Sibille P 《Veterinary research》2002,33(3):261-270

We investigated the phenotype of the T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) that produced Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) during the firsttwo weeks of experimental fasciolosis in rats. We also followed the kinetics of the cytokine and proliferative responses of hepatic mononuclear cells (HMNC) over the same period. We found that HMNC were more numerous in the infected animals than in the controls. The percentage of CD4+ cells increased significantly after infection, whereas the percentage of CD8+ cells did not change. Moreover, the frequency of the cells producing (CP) cytokine changed after infection. The frequency of CP IFN-gamma on 7 days postinfection (pi) was similar to that in control animals. However, the frequency of CP IFN-gamma was clearly lower on day 14 pi, whereas the frequency of CP IL-4 and CP IL-10 had increased. The CP IL-10-were mostly CD4+. Mitogenic stimulation (phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin) of HMNC led to an increase in the amounts of the Th2 cytokines in the supernatant on days 7 and 14 pi, with the increase more pronounced on day 14. In contrast, IFN-gamma levels also increased by day 7 pi but then decreased to below control levels by day 14. In addition, HMNC proliferation in response to mitogen followed a similar pattern to IFN-gamma production. These findings suggested that, during the first 2 weeks of infection, F hepatica induced a transient ThO cytokine profile followed by downregulation of the cellular response and the induction of a Th2 cytokine profile.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the hepatic NK cell response during the early phase of Fasciola hepatica infection in rats     

Tliba O  Chauvin A  Le Vern Y  Boulard C  Sbille P 《Veterinary research》2002,33(3):327-332

The in situ distribution of NK cells in rat liver during the first 28 days of an experimental infection with F hepatica was investigated. NK cells were distributed homogeneously throughout the hepatic parenchyma in uninfected animals. The total number of hepatic mononuclear cells increased significantly following infection, but the proportion of NK cells did not change. After infection, these cells were found around the portal space, around the centrolobular vein, in the periportal fibrosis and in the band of collagen. However, no NK cells could be detected in or around the granuloma during infection. The frequency of both I L-2- and IFNgamma-producing NK cells was higher on day 7 postinfection (pi) but only the percentage of IFNgamma -CD161+ subsets remained elevated thereafter, whereas the percentage of both IL-2+CD161+ and IL-4+CD161+ subsets returned to the baseline. The number of CD161+IL10+ cells did not change significantly. These results suggest that NK cells could be another source for the early production of IFNgamma but provide no evidence that these cells are involved in early events associated with granuloma formation.  相似文献   

Organic Seed-treatment as a Substitute for Chemical Seed-treatment to Control Common Bunt of Wheat     

Munzer El-Naimi  Hala Toubia-Rahme  Omar F. Mamluk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(5):433-437

Common bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, is a major seed and soil-borne disease in West Asia and North Africa. The use of resistant cultivars and chemical seed-treatments are the current control measures used to combat this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate alternative control measures to chemical seed-treatments that are environmentally friendly to support cultivar resistance. Several organic nutrients [skimmed milk powder, hucket (local skimmed milk) and wheat flour] at a concentration of 160g per kg of seeds were used as seed-treatments on two susceptible bread and durum wheat cultivars (Bau and Sebou, respectively) to examine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. Field trials over four years showed that skimmed milk powder, hucket, and wheat flour reduced common bunt infection levels by 96%, 93% and 62%, respectively. In most cases, the effectiveness of the skimmed milk powder and hucket was equal to the chemical seed-treatment; thus, these organic nutrients offer an effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical treatments. However, a study of their economic value as well as of their effect on seed germination, and field emergence is needed.  相似文献