Plant species identification using fecal DNAs from red-eared slider and Reeves’ pond turtle in agricultural canals for rural ecosystem conservation     

Noriyuki Koizumi  Atsushi Mori  Takuya Mineta  Eiji Sawada  Keiji Watabe  Takeshi Takemura 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(4):723-730

Fecal DNA samples from the red-eared slider and Reeves’ pond turtle, suspected pests of lotus root paddies, were used to identify the plant species eaten by these turtles in order to develop a strategy for rural ecosystem conservation. The fecal samples were obtained from young and adult individuals (mostly female) of both species living in agricultural canals surrounding lotus root paddies in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. The samples were screened for the presence or absence of DNA from nine plant species using PCR and plant species-specific primers for the rbcL gene of chloroplast DNA. In the red-eared slider, our analysis identified seven plant species in the fecal DNA samples of adults and three plant species in those of young individuals. In Reeves’ pond turtle, our analysis identified two plant species from adult fecal samples and one species from those of young individuals. Thus, adult red-eared sliders consume a greater range of plants than young red-eared sliders or Reeves’ pond turtles. Both turtle species, independently of age, consumed lotus plants and were likely to cause feeding damage to lotus roots. Considering the plant species detected in adult red-eared sliders and these plant habitats, we suggest that this adult turtle is likely to travel between the agricultural canals and the lotus root paddies. These findings will help the development of strategies for preventing damage to lotus roots by these turtles; furthermore, they indicate that fecal DNA analysis will be applicable to investigation of the feeding habits of other animal species.  相似文献   

Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo     

Eiji Tanaka  Chihiro Tanaka  Atsushi Ishihara  Yasumasa Kuwahara  Mitsuya Tsuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):1-6

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002  相似文献   

Spindle formation and microtubule organization during first division in reconstructed rat embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer     

Tomioka I  Mizutani E  Yoshida T  Sugawara A  Inai K  Sasada H  Sato E 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):835-842

The present study was conducted to demonstrate the spindle formation and behavior of chromosomes and microtubules during first division in reconstructed rat embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with cumulus cell nuclei. To demonstrate the effect of oocyte aging after ovulation on the cleavage of SCNT embryos, micromanipulation was carried out 11, 15 and 18 h after injection of hCG. SCNT oocytes were activated by incubation in culture medium supplemented with 5 microM ionomycin for 5 min followed by treatment with 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) in mR1ECM for 2-3 h. For immunocytochemical observation, the SCNT embryos were incubated with monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin antibody and then fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. Cleavage rates were significantly higher for oocytes collected after 15 and 18 h rather than for those collected 11 h after injection of hCG (56 and 53%, respectively vs. 28%; P<0.05). Premature chromosome condensation occurred before activation of the SCNT oocytes, but adequate spindle formation was only rarely observed. The distribution of microtubules in SCNT embryos after activation was different from those of fertilized and parthenogenic oocytes, i.e., a dense microtubule organization shaped like a ring was observed. Eighteen to 20 h post-activation, most SCNT embryos were in the 2-cell stage, but no nucleoli were clearly visible, which was quite different from the fertilized oocytes. In addition, first division with and without small cellular bodies containing DNA was observed in the rat SCNT embryos in some cases. The present study suggests that reorganization of transferred nuclei in rat SCNT embryos may be inadequate in terms of formation of the mitotic assembly and nucleolar reorganization.  相似文献   

Infection of a chimeric simian and human immunodeficiency virus with CCR5-specific HIV-1 envelope to Rhesus macaques     

Enose Y  Miyake A  Ido E  Hayami M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(2):283-286

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects lymphocytes and macrophages via CD4 and chemokine receptors. In this study, the infectivity of a chimeric simian and human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) having a CCR5-specific HIV-1 envelope gene was examined. A SHIV strain termed SHIV-JRFL could enter cells via CD4 with a chemokine receptor CCR5, not CXCR4, and the viral replication was suppressed by recombinant human RANTES, one of beta-chemokines. The intravenous inoculation of SHIV-JRFL into two rhesus macaques resulted in a systemic infection, though it was rather weak. During the early infection, the production of RANTES from Con A-stimulated PBMCs of the infected monkeys increased. These results suggested that beta-chemokine has the potential to limit the infectivity of an R5-type SHIV.  相似文献   

Cerebellar ataxia due to Toxocara infection in Mongolian gerbils,Meriones unguiculatus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Akao N  Tomoda M  Hayashi E  Suzuki R  Shimizu-Suganuma M  Shichinohe K  Fujita K 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,113(3-4):229-237

We assessed the usefulness of gerbils as an experimental model for neurologic toxocarosis. Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, infected with Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati (1000 eggs/gerbil) showed progressive neurologic disorders from 50 days after infection in T. canis-infected gerbils or from 120 days after infection in T. cati-infected gerbils. The incidence of the onset was 6 of the 13 gerbils (49%) in the T. canis-gerbils and 5 of the 7 gerbils (71%) in the T. cati-gerbils. Histopathologically, the cerebellum was the most affected in both groups. We observed loss of Purkinje cells, glial nerve fibers, and nerve sheaths. We also found foci consisting of aggregated macrophages scattered in the white matter of the cerebellum. The affected gerbils showed ataxia and ultimately died of cachexia. Our findings suggest that irreversible neurologic toxocarosis in gerbils can be induced by infection with either T. canis or T. cati.  相似文献   

Close association between the enzymes involved in the lignin metabolic pathway of Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6: interaction of O -demethylase (LigX) and ring fission dioxygenase (LigZ)     

Tomonori Sonoki  Yuichiro Otsuka  Seiichiro Ikeda  Eiji Masai  Shinya Kajita  Yoshihiro Katayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(3):250-252

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Decomposition behavior of woody biomass in water-added supercritical methanol     

Eiji Minami  Shiro Saka 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):395-400

The chemical conversion of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) in water-added supercritical methanol was studied for a wide range of water content using a batch-type reaction vessel to obtain chemicals from lignocellulosics. It was consequently found that addition of water enhanced the decomposition of wood cell wall components; cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. In cases of high water content, however, it resulted in low solubility of lignin-derived products causing an increase in the mass of the residue. The water content was thus optimized to be around 10% (v/v) for the decomposition of wood. Concomitantly, the yields and selectivity of the chemicals from wood could be regulated by the addition of water, especially for the lignin-derived products. As a result, the monomeric compounds of lignin, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, were recovered as their γ-methyl ethers in the presence of water in higher yields than those obtained without addition of water.  相似文献   

Changes in the predicted function of the rumen bacterial community of Japanese Black beef cattle during the fattening stages according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses     

Asahi HORINAKA  Yo-Han KIM  Atsushi KIMURA  Eiji IWAMOTO  Tatsunori MASAKI  Toshihiro ICHIJO  Shigeru SATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1098

We investigated changes in the predicted functions of the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle during fattening. Nine cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet during the early, middle, and late fattening stages consecutively (10–14, 15–22, and 23–30 months of age, respectively). The rumen fluid and solid samples collected at each stage were subjected to sequencing analyses. The sequencing results were clustered and classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Representative sequences and a raw counting table for each OTU were submitted to the Piphillin website. The predicted functions were revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database as the ratio of the total sequence. In the early stage, “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than in the solid fraction. “Two-component system” in the middle stage was significantly lower and “Purine metabolism” in the late stage was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than those in the solid fraction. The fluid fraction was significantly correlated with acetic acid, propionic acid, and bacterial metabolism, such as “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” and “Sugar metabolism.” Moreover, the solid fraction was correlated with “Purine metabolism” and “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolism”. These results suggest that the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle adapts to changes in rumen conditions by altering their functions in response to a long-term high-grain diet.  相似文献   

Primary Ischial Osteosarcoma Occupying the Pelvic Cavity in a Japanese Black Cow     

Eiji NAGAMINE  Kazuya MATSUDA  Chiaki ISHII  Masateru KOIWA  Hiroyuki TANIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(6):891-894

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Effects of additives on the thermal gelation of Japanese common squid natural actomyosin     

Eiji?Tsujioka  Tsukasa?Ehara  Nobuyuki?Kanzawa  Satoshi?Noguchi  Takahide?TsuchiyaEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(3):688-690

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