The front cover image is based on the Research Article Does winter supplementary feeding affect deer damage in a forest ecosystem? A field test in areas with different levels of deer pressure by Zbigniew Borowski et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5131 . Image Credit: Karol Zub.
Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation. 相似文献
The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O2 kg–1 h–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg–1 h–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O2 kg–1 h–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O2 kg–1 h–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O2 kg–1 feed fed day–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg–1 feed fed day–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O2 kg–1 feed fed day–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg–1 feed fed day–1, respectively. 相似文献
Effects of pimozide (Pim) and [(D-Ala6, Pro9-NEt) LHRH] (LRH-Aa) on common carp oocytes maturation and ovulationin vivo under laboratory and commercial fisheries farm conditions were investigated.Although injections of Pim and LRH-Aa at the doses of 10 mg and 50 µg/kg body weight respectively, did not increase mGtH levels (66.7–155.8 mg/ml) as much as injections of carp pituitary extract (chh) (382.1 ng/ml), induced GtH levels were high enough to induce ovulation. Changes in the ovary caused by Pim and LRH-Aa were similar to those induced by chh, and Pim injected together with LRH-Aa in a single injection gave the same results concerning ovulation induction as when they were applied separately at 6h interval. 相似文献
This paper presents the results of studies on the effect of some metrological parameters of polyester textiles dyed with a disperse dye, C. I. Disperse Red 54, on the level of their UV-barrier properties. It has been found that the UV-barrier properties of textiles not always depend on fabric parameters such as thickness and tightness/porosity as suggested by many research works. The parameters mentioned above, due to their interaction with a dye applied (that absorbs UV radiation), one may treat as indirect factors. It is the surface weight of a fabric that seems to be the direct factor and the most important metrological parameter in this regard. This is indicated by spectrophotometric measurements of dyed fabrics of different surface weights. Higher values of this parameter result in higher levels of UV-barrier properties. Increase in the barrier properties with increasing dyeing percentage is also higher for fabrics with greater surface weights. To confirm this fact, we presented in this paper a physical-mathematical model accepted for a dyed woven fabric, treated as an optical filter containing a dye. The model is based on Lambert-Beer’s law. The dye plays the part of a UV radiation absorber, occurring in the fiber material in the state of monomolecular dispersion (a solid solution). 相似文献
1. Chalk stream floodplains are extensively managed and the high degree of connectivity associated with water meadows has been severely reduced. The main contributor to aquatic biodiversity is perceived to be the river itself. Ditches in these areas have been largely ignored as a contributor to total diversity.
2. Separate surveys of instream, bankside and ditch macroinvertebrates in a small area of floodplain provided a unique opportunity to assess the relative contribution of each locality to total aquatic diversity. The fauna and flora of a ditch on the lower River Frome floodplain was examined and compared with studies of adjacent bankside and instream habitat. A total of 145 macroinvertebrate taxa and 61 plant species were recorded from the ditch. Faunal abundance and richness were positively related to the diversity of aquatic plants. The ditch showed a clear linear trend in community type that appeared to be partly related to the acidic seepage from tertiary deposits at the source and percentage cover of vegetation.
3. There were large differences in the numbers of taxa collected in ditch, bankside, instream mesohabitat and RIVPACS surveys. Of the total 202 taxa recorded in the four surveys, the ditch contributed 59 unique taxa with 25 from the bankside and two and three from the mesohabitat and RIVPACS surveys, respectively.
4. The large contribution of the Rushton Ditch to aquatic biodiversity on the floodplain is due to three main factors: the chemically different and slow‐flowing environment, the connection to the main river, and a management regime which has halted hydroseral succession at a point where vegetation structure is for the most part open and able to support a wide range of ecological niches. The maintenance of these conditions requires sensitive management and further knowledge of the needs and interactions of faunal communities with vegetation.
A pine forest was separated from a lake littoral zone by a meadow on one area (discontinuous) while these habitats were separated by a shrub strip in another area (continuous). This shrub strip acted as an ecological corridor enhancing the movements of birds between the forest and the littoral reed zone. The number of individuals of non-littoral species that visited the reed zone was higher (p < .001) on the area with the connecting shrub strip in autumn but the number of species visiting the littoral zone was not significantly higher. Significantly more (p < .001) autumn movements by birds in the continuous area were oriented along paths between the forest and the littoral zone whereas movements in the discontinuous area paralleled the littoral and forest zones (p < .001). Movements of birds were concentrated along the edge of the shrub strip. The spatial configuration of the landscape facilitated access by some forest birds to the littoral habitat. 相似文献
The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H2SeO3 at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg−1, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm3 pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H2SeO3 caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg−1 concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg−1; I dose (0.05 mmol kg−1) 18.27 mg kg−1; II dose (0.15 mmol kg−1) 33.20 mg kg−1 and III dose (0.45 mmol kg−1) 38.37 mg kg−1, in soil: 0.265 mg kg−1; 3.61 mg kg−1; 10.53 mg kg−1; 30.53 mg kg−1; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear. 相似文献
Total concentrations of mercury were determined using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) in the fruiting bodies of 16 species of wild mushrooms and underlying soil (0-10 cm) substrates collected in the areas of the Communes of Morag and ?ukta in the county of Ostróda in northeastern Poland in 1997-1998. A total of 174 composite samples of caps, 174 stalks, 80 whole fruiting bodies (collectively 1254 specimens), and 252 soils were examined. Among several species of mushrooms analyzed, the greatest concentrations were between 1300 and 71000 ng.g(-1) of dry matter. These levels were found in the caps of Sweating mushroom (Clitocybe rivulosa), King Bolete (Boletus edulis), and Common Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum) and also were characterized by the highest bioconcentration factors (BCF) for Hg, which ranged between 160 +/- 82 and 110 +/- 34. The cap to stalk quotient for mercury concentrations was approximately 2 for most of the species except Poison Pax (Paxilus involutus), which had a greater concentration in caps than in stalks and a quotient of 4.4 +/- 7.2. Hg concentrations in the underlying soil substrates (0-10 cm layer) ranged between 21 +/- 21 and 390 +/- 130 ng.g(-1) of dry matter. The results showed that the consumption of mushrooms, considered to be the sole dietary source of mercury at the highest or mean element concentrations found, is not hazardous at daily ingestion rates of less than 70 and 210 g of fresh product, which would result in a hazard index value of less than unity. 相似文献
In this paper, the contamination degree of the Rybnik Reservoir with cadmium, copper and nickel was analyzed. Quality of the water from the reservoir was determined by drawing comparisons between the metal content in the water and both the officially permitted levels (contamination factor) and levels of metals occurring in the water of non-contaminated areas (enrichment factor). Contamination of bottom sediment with chosen metals was analyzed with reference to the metal content in mudstone (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor). Trends towards changing the metal content in the bottom sediment was analyzed by determining the enrichment factor of the surface layer of the bottom sediments in relation to a deeper layer. Enrichment of the bottom sediments with metals coming from the water was also determined. 相似文献
