Quantitative structure-activity analysis of larvicidal 1-(substituted benzoyl)-2-benzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazines against Chilo suppressalis     

Nobuhiro Oikawa  Yoshiaki Nakagawa  Keiichiro Nishimura  Tamio Ueno  Toshio Fujita 《Pest management science》1994,41(2):139-147

The larvicidal activity of a number of 1-(substituted benzoyl)-2-benzoyl–1 -ten-butylhydrazines against the rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walk.) was measured. Variations in the activity were examined quantitatively using physico-chemical substituent and molecular parameters and regression analysis. The results indicated that the molecular hydrophobicity and the electron-withdrawing inductive/ field effect of ontho substituents are favourable to larvicidal activity. The bulkiness of substituents at the meta and para positions was unfavourable to activity, substitution at the para position being more unfavourable than that at the meta position in terms of van der Waals' volume. The 2,3–, 2,5- and 2,6-disubstitution patterns were also unfavourable to activity. Reductions in larvicidal activity caused by the 2,6-,- 2,3,5- and 2,3,4,5-substitutions were greater than those induced by the 2,3- and 2,5-disubstitutions. When the sum of contributions from favourable effects is greater than that from unfavourable effects, the larvicidal activity is expected to be superior to that of the unsubstituted compound.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure—activity studies of insect growth regulators. XI. Stimulation and inhibition of N-acetylglucosamine incorporation in a cultured integument system by substituted N-tert-butyl-N,N′-dibenzoylhydrazines     

Yoshiaki Nakagawa  Yoshihiro Soya  Katsumi Nakai  Nobuhiro Oikawa  Keiichiro Nishimura  Tamio Ueno  Toshio Fujita  Norio Kurihara 《Pest management science》1995,43(4):339-345

The ability to stimulate N-acetylglucosamine (GluNAc) incorporation in-vitro of a number of N-tert-butyl-N,N′-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on both phenyl rings was measured in cultured integument excised from the rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker). The relationship between in-vitro and larvicidal potency was approximately linear. The substituent effects on variations in the potency were similar between in-vitro and larvicidal activities. An inhibitor of oxidative detoxication, piperonyl butoxide, had no synergistic effects on the in-vitro potency. The ability of some dibenzoylhydrazines to inhibit GluNAc incorporation at exposure periods longer than the optimum for stimulation was also measured in a similar cultured integument system. The relationship between the inhibitory and stimulatory potency indices was linear, indicating that the larvicidal activity of dibenzoylhydrazines is closely related to its ability to stimulate as well as to inhibit GluNAc incorporation into the larval cuticle.  相似文献   

Supplemental effect of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a soybean meal-based fish meal-free diet on hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>     

Yasuro Iwashita  Nobuhiro Suzuki  Takeshi Yamamoto  Jun-ichirou Shibata  Keiichirou Isokawa  Ang H Soon  Yuto Ikehata  Hirofumi Furuita  Tsuyoshi Sugita  Takanobu Goto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1083-1095

The supplemental effects of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based fish meal-free diet on the hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. A fish meal-based diet (FM), three fish meal-free diets supplemented either with soybean lecithin (SL), bovine gall powder (BG) or cholyltaurine (C-tau) and an unsupplemented fish meal-free diet (NFM), were given to fish (−11 g) for 10 weeks. The growth was the lowest in fish fed diet NFM, intermediate in fish fed diet SL and the highest in fish fed diet FM, BG and C-tau. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet NFM were atrophied, and the distal intestine of these fish showed abnormal features: disintegrated microvilli and fatty degeneration in epithelial cells and increased amount of connective tissue in the submucosa. Hepatic and intestinal histological features in fish fed diets SL, BG and C-tau were similar to those in fish fed diet FM. These results indicate that soybean lecithin, bovine bile salts and cholyltaurine have similar effects on normalizing the hepatic and intestinal morphologies of rainbow trout fed the SBM-based diet, although growth promotion effect was limited in the soybean lecithin.  相似文献   

Nutrient digestibility values of a test diet determined by manual feeding and self-feeding in rainbow trout and common carp     

Takeshi Yamamoto  Takao Shima  Hirofumi Furuita  Nobuhiro Suzuki  Manabu Shiraishi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):355-357

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Ionomic Profiling of Rice Genotypes and Identification of Varieties with Elemental Covariation Effects     

Zhang Chengming  Nobuhiro Tanaka  Maria Stefanie Dwiyanti  Matthew Shenton  Hayato Maruyama  Takuro Shinano  Chu Qingnan  Xie Jun  Toshihiro Watanabe 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):76-88

Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Identifying ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic profiles. We cultivated 120 rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements (including 3 anions) in the shoots and roots of rice. Although the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties, we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus, indica and japonica subspecies. Principal component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the subspecies. Furthermore, the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic elements. The japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects, therefore, they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies, whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid) polluted soils. We also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic profiles. Overall, the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.  相似文献   

Influence of soil quality on the growth of Folsomia candida (Willem) (Collembola)     

Satoshi Kaneda  Nobuhiro Kaneko 《Pedobiologia》2002,46(5):428-439

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Naidid worms (Oligochaeta, Naididae) in paddy soils as affected by the application of legume mulch and/or tillage practice     

Hiroshi Yokota  Nobuhiro Kaneko 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,35(2):122-127

Reproduction, intrinsic rate of natural increase and population density of naidid worms were investigated in submerged paddy fields and the laboratory. No tillage plus legume-mulching increased the population density of naidid worms. Soil treatments with neither tillage nor legume mulch, and tillage practice alone, did not increase the number of worms. Dero dorsalis Ferronnière was dominant in soil of the no-tillage treatment. In laboratory experiments, legume-mulching with the proper amount of dissolved O₂ accelerated asexual reproduction of D. dorsalis through zooid budding. For the legume and aeration treatment, (N_i+1-N_i) N_i^-1 values (where N_i and N_i+1 are the populations at times t=i and t=i+1) were plotted against N_i+1. Utilizing this linear relation, this data fitted the logistic curve (r²=0.885, P<0.05). Based on the linear relation, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), carrying capacity (K), and doubling time (T) were calculated as 0.2125 day^-1, 12,666 m^-2, and 3.26 days, respectively. The amounts of legumes applied were highly correlated with the population of D. dorsalis, indicating that the weight of legume is a limiting factor with respect to carrying capacity. A literature review indicated a significant correlation (P<0.01) between intrinsic rate of natural increase and maximum body length of naidids with temperature conversion of the growth rate. Sexually mature worms were rarely found in submerged paddy fields. Sexual reproduction seems to be adopted in response to soil desiccation after paddy field drainage.  相似文献   

Development of a multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of diagnostic DNA markers of five disease and pest resistance genes in potato     

Kazuyuki?Mori  Yu?Sakamoto  Nobuhiro?Mukojima  Seiji?Tamiya  Takashi?Nakao  Takashige?Ishii  Kazuyoshi?HosakaEmail author 《Euphytica》2011,180(3):347-355

Multiplex PCR is practically a reasonable choice for molecular marker-assisted selection in potato breeding. We had developed and were using a multiplex PCR method for selection of resistance genes to cyst nematode (H1), Potato virus X (Rx1) and late blight (R1 and R2). Since then, more reliable and tightly linked markers for H1 and R2, and a new marker for resistance to Potato virus Y (Ry _chc ) were developed. In this article, all these superior markers, including a positive marker to eliminate PCR-failed samples, were incorporated into one multiplex PCR assay. Using the newly developed multiplex PCR technique, five plants potentially harboring all five resistance genes were selected from 96 hybrid plants approximately 5 h after DNA extraction, which is a third of the operation time compared with separate PCR reactions for each marker.  相似文献   

The impact of climate change on maize yields in the United States and China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiang LiTaro Takahashi  Nobuhiro SuzukiHarry M. Kaiser 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(4):348-353

This study analyzes the impacts of climate change on maize yields using an econometric model that incorporates climate, economic, and technology variables. The major finding is climate change will not universally cause negative impacts of maize yields in the United States and China. The results of a simulation of climate change on maize yields over the period 2008-2030 show that a combination of changes in temperature and precipitation can either bring positive or negative effects on maize yields. Furthermore, variation in regional climatic and economic conditions makes the impacts of climatic change on maize yields substantially different in different regions. In this research, the impacts of climate change on maize yields are not simply examined by climate factors. Economic and technology adaptation effects on maize yields are also incorporated. Thus, even with significant changes in climate conditions that alter the maize crop’s growing environment and affect crop yields, a decrease in maize supply due to a decrease in maize yields would lead to an increase in the maize price, which in turn would induce farmers to add more investments in production inputs to raise yields. Thus, the decrease in actual yields may not be as dramatic as predicted in only climate factor considered cases. In this research, findings gained from the study can be used for early-staged policymaking decisions and advanced problem prevention programs. To ensure the continuous increase in maize yields in the future, further studies and research, as well as efficient environmental policies and actions are required.  相似文献   

Growth of the collembolan Folsomia candida Willem in soil supplemented with glucose   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Satoshi Kaneda  Nobuhiro Kaneko   《Pedobiologia》2004,48(2):165-170

Freely available glucose improves the conditions for soil microorganisms which are utilized as food by Collembola. We examined the effects of glucose application on collembolan (Folsomia candida Willem) growth and on several biotic and abiotic soil parameters (microbial biomass, soil respiration, qCO₂, dissolved organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and Olson-P) in an artificial system without predatory pressure on Collembola. Glucose addition increased soil respiration and qCO₂, and decreased nutrient levels in the soil. Collembolan growth increased with increasing glucose doses. We conclude that the availability of carbon substrates can sustain collembolan growth via an improvement of microbial growth conditions.  相似文献