排序方式： 共有16条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Andrea Maiorano Amedeo Reyneri Dario Sacco Aronne Magni Cesare Ramponi 《Crop Protection》2009,28(3):243-256
Fumonisin contamination of maize grain starts in the field. Forecasting Fusarium infection and fumonisin synthesis could allow operators in the field to control contamination during the growing season and to make the best agronomic decisions for high quality yields while respecting the limits imposed by the European Union.A research project to develop a decision support system for the control of field-phase fumonisin contamination began in Italy in 2003. This paper presents a preliminary version of the engine of the decision support tool: FUMAgrain, a dynamic risk assessment model developed with data from the north of Italy. The structure of FUMAgrain is based on the pathosystem formed by maize, F. verticillioides and Ostrinia nubilalis (European Corn Borer). The elements of the pathosystem are simulated by three sub-models: (i) maize development, (ii) F. verticillioides infection and fumonisin synthesis, (iii) European Corn Borer wounding activity on maize grain. Inputs to the model are (i) planting date, (ii) hourly meteorological data including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rain intensity, (iii) information on the phenological development of the hybrid planted (flowering and dry-down), and (iv) information about the chemical treatment against European Corn Borer. FUMAgrain gives an initial risk alert at the end of flowering based on the meteorological conditions during this phase. A second alert follows maturation when an assessment is made from (i) maize grain moisture, (ii) European Corn Borer damage to the ear, and (iii) fumonisin synthesis risk. Following calibration and validation with data FUMAgrain demonstrated its good capability to simulate fumonisin synthesis in maize grain in Italy (calibration: R2 = 0.70; validation: R2 = 0.71) and its usefulness for determining the optimal harvest date while respecting grain safety levels required by the international market and limiting moisture content, hence drying costs. 相似文献
2.
Alejandra M. Toro Ospina Amanda Marchi Maiorano Rogrio A. Curi Guilherme L. Pereira Maria Eugenia Zerlotti‐Mercadante Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonalves Cyrillo Rusbel R. Aspilcueta‐Borquis Josineudson A. II de V. Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1524-1531
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). This study investigated the pattern of LD and effective population size (Ne) in Gir cattle selected for yearling weight. For this purpose, 173 animals with imputed genotypes (from 18 animals genotyped with the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip and 155 animals genotyped with the Bovine LDv4 panel) were analysed. The LD was evaluated at distances of 25–50 kb, 50–100 kb, 100–500 kb and 0.5–1 Mb. The Ne was estimated based on 5 past generations. The r2 values (a measure of LD) were, respectively, .35, .29, .18 and .032 for the distances evaluated. The LD estimates decreased with increasing distance of SNP pairs and LD persisted up to a distance of 100 kb (r2 = .29). The Ne was greater in generations 4 and 5 (24 and 30 animals, respectively) and declined drastically after the last generation (12 animals). The results showed high levels of LD and low Ne, which were probably due to the loss of genetic variability as a consequence of the structure of the Gir population studied. 相似文献
3.
Massimiliano Cardinale Valerio Bartolino Marcos Llope Luigi Maiorano Mattias Sköld Jacob Hagberg 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(3):289-298
Increased knowledge on the spatial distribution of marine resources is crucial for the implementation of a true ecosystem approach to management and the conservation of marine organisms. For exploited fish species characterized by aggregation behaviour during spawning time, the identification and tracking of spawning areas is essential for a correct assessment of their productivity and population abundance. To elucidate this concept, we reconstructed the spatio‐temporal distribution of adult plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, Pleuronectidae) during spawning time along the 20th century. Historical data reveal that not only the abundance but also the former population richness was much higher than previously estimated and has declined because of protracted over‐exploitation during the last 30 years. We conclude that forecast of stock recovery to former levels of abundance neglecting spatial reorganizations might be over‐optimistic and shaded by a lost memory of the past population richness. These results reinforce the importance of managing exploited marine resources at a greater spatial resolution than has been carried out in the history of fishery management. 相似文献
4.
Bone ossification and carcass characteristics of wethers given silastic implants containing estradiol 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R A Field G Maiorano F C Hinds W J Murdoch M L Riley 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(11):3663-3668
Administration of growth promotants with estrogenic activity via hastening closure of the growth plate could have an economic impact on lambs because closure results in ovine carcasses being classified as yearlings. Twelve wether lambs approximately 12 mo old were given silastic implants filled with estradiol-17 beta and allotted randomly to be slaughtered 30, 60, 90, or 220 d after implantation to determine time of growth plate closure in relation to date of implanting. Seven comparable wethers not implanted served as controls. Four wethers implanted at 2 mo of age and slaughtered 220 d later also were included. Implanted wethers had serum concentrations of estradiol averaging 13.9 pg/ml over the 220-d implant period; controls averaged 2.7 pg/ml. Estradiol implants increased carcass maturity scores but fat deposition was not altered. Growth plate widths decreased (P less than .05) as wethers grew older and implants were in place for longer periods of time. Metacarpal growth plates in 12-mo-old lambs were completely ossified 220 d after implanting, but control wethers and wethers implanted at 2 mo maintained growth plate widths. Neither metacarpal nor metatarsal bone lengths differed (P less than .05) between control and implanted wethers. Growth plate ossification was not complete until 570 d of age in implanted lambs, even though bone length had stopped increasing by 408 d. Therefore, even though estradiol and other growth stimulants with estrogenic activity increase rate of ossification of the metacarpal growth plate, bone length or mature size is not limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
R A Field G Maiorano R J McCormick M L Riley W C Russell F L Williams J D Crouse 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(6):1616-1623
One hundred twenty ewe and wether lambs were fed high (76% TDN, 12.3% crude protein) or low (70.6% TDN, 16.1% crude protein) energy diets and slaughtered at average ages of 261, 356 or 469 d. High planes of nutrition for lambs at 356 or 469 d of age resulted in heavier carcasses, thicker fat depth and higher flank streaking scores compared to lambs fed low planes of nutrition. Rib bone, break joint and overall maturity scores were not influenced (P greater than .05) by diet. Metacarpal and metatarsal bones from lambs fed high planes of nutrition were slightly longer and heavier and required more force to break (P less than .05) compared with bones from lambs fed low planes of nutrition. The majority of the ewes fed high or low planes of nutrition had fused growth plates and possessed spool joints by 469 d; none of the wethers had spool joints. An additional 27 wethers were slaughtered at an average of 480, 578 or 662 d. Rib bone, break joint and overall maturity scores were not different (P greater than .05) for animals fed the high or low energy diets, but bone weight and shaft break force values were higher for those fed high energy diets. At 662 d of age, only 20% of the wethers on each dietary regimen possessed fused growth plates. Overall, plane of nutrition in market-weight lambs and yearlings had very little influence on the presence or absence of a break joint or on other bone maturity scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
6.
Comparison of muscle fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations of bison,beef cattle,elk, and chicken 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
The objective of this study was to compare fatty acid weight percentages and cholesterol concentrations of longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST), and supraspinatus (SS) muscles (n = 10 for each) of range bison (31 mo of age), feedlot-finished bison (18 mo of age), range beef cows (4 to 7 yr of age), feedlot steers (18 mo of age), free-ranging cow elk (3 to 5 yr of age), and chicken breast. Lipids were analyzed by capillary GLC. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were greater (P < 0.01) in range bison than in feedlot bison and were greater (P < 0.01) in SS of range beef cattle than in feedlot steers. Muscles of elk and range bison were similar (P > 0.05) in SAT. In LD, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest (P < 0.01) for elk and range bison and lowest (P < 0.01) for feedlot steers within each muscle. Range bison and range beef cows had greater (P < 0.01) PUFA in LD and ST than feedlot bison or steers, respectively. Range-fed animals had higher (P < 0.01) n-3 fatty acids than feedlot-fed animals or chicken breast. Chicken breast n-6 fatty acids were greater (P < 0.01) than for muscles from bison, beef, or elk. Elk had higher (P < 0.01) n-6 fatty acids than bison or beef cattle; however, range-fed animals had higher (P < 0.01) n-6 fatty acids than feedlot-fed animals in ST. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 18:2cis-9, trans-11) in LD was greatest (P < 0.01) for range beef cows (0.4%), and lowest for chicken breast and elk (mean = 0.1%). In ST, CLA was greatest (P < 0.01) for range and feedlot bison and range beef cows (mean = 0.4%) and lowest for elk and chicken breast (mean = 0.1%). Also, SS CLA was greatest (P < 0.01) for range beef cows (0.5%) and lowest for chicken breast (0.1%). Mean total fatty acid concentration (g/100 g tissue) for all muscles was highest (P < 0.01) for feedlot bison and feedlot cattle and lowest (P < 0.01) for range bison, range beef cows, elk, and chicken. Chicken breast cholesterol (mg/100 g tissue) was higher (P < 0.01) than LD and ST cholesterol, which were lowest (P < 0.01; 43.8) for range bison and intermediate for the other species. Cholesterol in SS was highest (P < 0.01) for feedlot bison and steers, which were similar to chicken breast (mean = 61.2 vs 52.8 for the mean of the other species). We conclude that lipid composition of bison muscle varies with feeding regimen, and range-fed bison had muscle lipid composition similar to that of forage-fed beef cows and wild elk. 相似文献
7.
Dou Yue Cosentino Francesca Malek Ziga Maiorano Luigi Thuiller Wilfried Verburg Peter H. 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(8):2215-2234
Landscape Ecology - While land use change is the main driver of biodiversity loss, most biodiversity assessments either ignore it or use a simple land cover representation. Land cover... 相似文献
8.
In the last 40 years, Italy has seen important changes: human pressure is increasing in flat and coastal areas while internal mountainous areas are being abandoned and naturally reforested. These changes have substantial impacts on the biodiversity of the region but no conservation strategy has ever explicitly considered them, and no systematic assessment of the existing protected areas has been carried out. We used a combination of distribution models and extents of occurrence to perform a gap analysis and an irreplaceability analysis. We evaluated the effectiveness of the protected areas for the conservation of terrestrial vertebrates, and we identified regions, species, and strategies that appear to be priorities for expanding and consolidating the existing network. The existing protected areas cannot be considered fully representative, and this is especially true for Sardinia where many of the gap species are located. The Alps and the Apennines represent the strongholds of species diversity, but most of the species of conservation interest are concentrated in the Mediterranean part of the peninsula, as well as in small areas of the plains, where human pressure is higher. Biodiversity and human presence are functionally linked through traditional agriculture and pasture and the only option for conservation is that of considering human presence and activities as an integral part of the system. In a human dominated landscape, protected areas must be planned and managed in conjunction with the matrix in which they are embedded and in the context of the environmental history of the region. 相似文献
9.
G. D’Onghia P. Maiorano F. Capezzuto R. Carlucci D. Battista A. Giove L. Sion A. Tursi 《Fisheries Research》2009,95(2-3):236-245
Data were collected during four trawl surveys (April, May, June and September 2006) in the north-western Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) with the aim of investigating the recruitment and population structure of Aristeus antennatus and evaluating whether population processes on bottoms deeper than 800 m could have a role to the renewal of the exploited population on fishing grounds, above 800 m. Samples were taken randomly between 400 and 1200 m using a professional fishing vessel equipped with an experimental otter trawl net, with 20 mm stretched mesh size in the cod-end. No variation in density index was shown across the whole depth range while the negative trend of biomass index with depth was due to the increasing proportion of small individuals and males. The recruitment was observed on a wide depth range with an increasing frequency of occurrence at greatest depths. It seems to occur as a discrete phenomenon. A significant bigger-shallower phenomenon was detected in the female population indicating upwards displacement from virgin grounds to fishing ones. The exploited population mostly consists of large females. Mating and reproduction also occur in deep waters. The contribution to the renewal of the fishing population by the virgin one seems to be mostly due to the recruitment on unexploited deep areas and displacement of individuals from these areas to fishing ones. The deep waters act as a refuge area mostly for the recruitment of A. antennatus and, to lesser extent, for spawners. On the basis of all these results the authors discuss the optimum exploitation conditions often detected for this shrimp throughout the Mediterranean highlighting the fact that, since the exploited population mostly consists of reproductive females, conditions of “recruitment overfishing” might occur in A. antennatus contrary to other Mediterranean demersal resources. 相似文献
10.
Mazzali PA Valenti S Della Valle M Chincarini G Sauer DN Benetti S Pian E Piran T D'Elia V Elias-Rosa N Margutti R Pasotti F Antonelli LA Bufano F Campana S Cappellaro E Covino S D'Avanzo P Fiore F Fugazza D Gilmozzi R Hunter D Maguire K Maiorano E Marziani P Masetti N Mirabel F Navasardyan H Nomoto K Palazzi E Pastorello A Panagia N Pellizza LJ Sari R Smartt S Tagliaferri G Tanaka M Taubenberger S Tominaga N Trundle C Turatto M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5893):1185-1188
The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E approximately 6x10(51) erg) and ejected mass [ approximately 7 times the mass of the Sun (M(middle dot in circle))] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a approximately 30 M(middle dot in circle) star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes. 相似文献