An Ecological Foodniche Concept as a Proxy for Fish-Pond Stocking Rates in Integrated Aquacultural Farming for Malaysia     

Howard A.  Clonts Curtis M.  Jolly  Syed Abdulkadir  L. Alsagoff 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(4):268-276

The merits of integrated aquaculture farming (IAF) as a strategy for bolstering income for the rural poor have been recognized, but the economic efficiency and sustainability are yet to be determined. The effects of one species on another and the economic benefits, net of government support, have not been critically evaluated. The concept of a foodniche for alternative species in an aquatic environment has not been properly tested in an economic setting. Thus, this report reflects the results of applying the technique of mixed integer linear programming to determine the optimum combination of species within the context of a foodniche. The objective also included maximizing revenues, with minimal external input requirements, for a representative small Malaysian wet-rice farm. It was found that the foodniche concept permitted flexibility in stocking rates, and that farmers could actually stock species at the exact rate that was optimal for profit, instead of standard fixed rates. Also, government subsidies for pond construction were essential for IAF success. The net revenues from IAF were low without interest-free loans for pond construction.  相似文献   

A defect in thyroglobulin synthesis in an inherited ovine goitre: possible neonatal respiratory distress syndrome     

Jones BR  Greenway RM  Jolly RD  Labuc RH  Davis GB 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1986,34(9):145-148

A ram lamb with congenital goitre showed signs of respiratory distress at birth. All previously affected lambs from this flock bad been born dead or bad died soon after birth. The serum free-thyroxine level at 1 birth was low (9.8 pmol/l) but treatment with oral L-thyroxine resulted in an increase in thyroxine blood levels to above normal and regression of the goitre. Four weeks after withdrawal of thyroid supplementation and when the lamb was eight weeks old, the radio iodide uptake mechanism of the thyroid glands was shown to be intact but the iodide was not organified. Low normal peroxidase activity was demonstrated in fresh thyroid tissue but gel electrophoresis demonstrated an absence of normal thyroglobulin from extracts of the goitrous thyroid. This lamb and the other affected lambs of this flock have an inherited defect in thyroglobulin synthesis and it is likely that the respiratory distress was associated with the low levels of thyroid hormone affecting foetal lung development.  相似文献   

Small intestinal carcinoma in cattle     

Johnstone AC  Alley MR  Jolly RD 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1983,31(9):147-149

The pathology of carcinoma of the small intestine in six adult cattle is described. The lesions were similar to those of carcinoma of the small intestine of sheep although a slightly less fibrous stroma and a greater tendency to metastasise was observed. Initial findings suggest the disease resembles small-intestinal carcinoma of sheep and cola-rectal carcinomas of man in having a higher prevalence in New Zealand than most other countries. This highlights the need to investigate common environmental factors which may be responsible for the induction and promotion of these tumours in both grazing ruminants and man.  相似文献   

Bovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis: pathology of blindness     

Jolly RD  Gibson AJ  Healy PJ  Slack PM  Birtles MJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(3):107-111

Five Devon cattle with suspected ceroid-lipofuscinosis and aged between 19 and 39 months of age were humanely slaughtered and subjected to post-mortem examination. There was severe atrophy of the cerebrum, particularly of the occipital cortex. Microscopy also showed severe atrophy of the retina with complete loss of photoreceptor cells, even in the youngest animal examined. Histopathologically the disease was characterised by accumulation of a fluorescent lipopigment in neurones, including those of the retina and a severe astrocytosis. The disease, which is characterised by the accumulation of subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, is similar to that extensively described in South Hampshire sheep except that the retinal lesions were more severe. In contrast, tremors were not noted in the cattle. The clinical history and similarity to the disease in sheep and other species indicated inheritance was as an autosomal recessive trait.  相似文献   

Effect of the Pietrain breed used as terminal boar on Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in the offspring in four PMWS-affected farms     

Nicolas Rose  Alain Abhervé-Guéguen  Gérald Le Diguerher  Eric Eveno  Jean-Pierre Jolly  Philippe Blanchard  Aurélie Oger  André Jestin  François Madec 《Livestock Production Science》2005,95(3):177-186

The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors for PMWS at the individual pig level and assess the effect of the Pietrain paternal genetic background of the animals in a cohort study. The survey was set up in four PMWS-affected farms with 2 repetitions (batches) per farm. A representative sample of 60 pigs per batch, stratified according to the paternal genetic background (Pietrain: yes vs. no), was randomly selected after farrowing. The representative cohort was divided into 8 batches and the pigs were individually monitored from birth to slaughter. Survival analysis was used to determine the factors related to the time to PMWS. The litter-cluster effect was taken into account using the marginal Cox model (robust estimation of the covariance matrix) and the gamma shared frailty model which were compared.No protective effect of the Pietrain breed on the time to PMWS and the proportion of affected pigs in the offspring was found in this study. Piglets showing low circovirus type 2 (PCV2) titres at 7 weeks-old with no subsequent seroconversion and piglets from PCV2 negative sows were most likely to be affected by PMWS (HR=7.0 and 2.8, respectively). Active infection of the pregnant dams with parvovirus was related to an increased risk of PMWS in the offspring (HR=2.3). Neck injuries due to poorly performed injections in the dams were associated with an increased risk of PMWS with the marginal model (HR=2.1). Oxytocin injection (dams) during farrowing was protective against PMWS in the offspring (HR=0.6).  相似文献   

Food resources and cyprinid diet in permanent and temporary Mediterranean rivers with natural and regulated flow          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos M. Alexandre  Sabrina Sales  Maria Teresa Ferreira  Pedro R. Almeida 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(4):629-645

This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra‐annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low‐ and high‐flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Chlamydia abortus in frozen fetal and placental tissues of aborting ewes in northeastern Algeria     

Sana Hireche  Mustafa Mohammed Kheir Ababneh  Omar Bouaziz  Sabrina Boussena 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):255-262

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Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective     

Maria Johansson  Sabrina Dressel  Emma Kvastegård  Göran Ericsson  Anke Fischer  Bjørn P. Kaltenborn 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):158-168

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.  相似文献   

Intake,performance, and carcass characteristics of lambs fed spineless cactus replacing wheat bran     

Sabrina Carla Rodrigues Felix  Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa  Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira  Luciana Felizardo Pereira Soares  Janaina de Lima Silva  Karen Santos Felix de Abreu  Ana Caroline Cerqueira de Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):465-468

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Morphometric Study of the Equine Navicular Bone: Age-Related Changes and Influence of Exercise     

Gabrie A  Detilleux J  Jolly S  Reginster J-Y  Collin B  Dessy-Doizé C 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(1):15-40

Navicular bones from the four limbs of 95 horses, classified in 9 categories, were studied. The effects of age on navicular bone morphometry and histomorphometry were estimated, after adjustment of the data to even out the effects of front and rear limbs, morphometrical type, sex, weight, and size.All the external measurements of the navicular bone decreased significantly with increasing age. From the histomorphometrical data, cortical bone volume decreased with age in most horses, whereas cancellous bone volume and, in particular, the marrow spaces increased. The increase in the cancellous bone volume could have resulted from tunnelling of the internal part of the cortex, which converted it progressively into a porous trabecular-like structure. Trabecular bone volume also decreased with age and the trabecular lattice changed dramatically to become disconnected in aged horses. These observations corresponded closely to those reported for ageing of the skeletal system in humans.However, in sporting horses, the navicular cortical bone volume increased with age and the cancellous bone volume decreased. Exercise appeared to have decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation at the endocortical junction. The cancellous bone architecture was also improved, in that the trabecular lattice and trabecular bone volume remained unchanged in aged sporting horses. Our findings confirmed that exercise may be good practice to prevent age-related bone loss.  相似文献