Detection of target spot and bacterial spot diseases in tomato using UAV-based and benchtop-based hyperspectral imaging techniques     

Abdulridha  Jaafar  Ampatzidis  Yiannis  Kakarla  Sri Charan  Roberts  Pamela 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(5):955-978

Early and accurate diagnosis is a critical first step in mitigating losses caused by plant diseases. An incorrect diagnosis can lead to improper management decisions, such as selection of the wrong chemical application that could potentially result in further reduced crop health and yield. In tomato, initial disease symptoms may be similar even if caused by different pathogens, for example early lesions of target spot (TS) caused by the fungus Corynespora cassicola and bacterial spot (BS) caused by Xanthomonas perforans. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (380–1020 nm) was utilized in laboratory and field (collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV) settings to detect both diseases. Tomato leaves were classified into four categories: healthy, asymptomatic, early and late disease development stages. Thirty-five spectral vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated to select an optimum set of indices for disease detection and identification. Two classification methods were utilized: (i) multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), and (ii) stepwise discriminant analysis (STDA). Best wavebands selection was considered in blue (408–420 nm), red (630–650 nm) and red edge (730–750 nm). The most significant VIs that could distinguish between healthy leaves and diseased leaves were the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for both diseases, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI850) for BS in all stages, and the triangular vegetation index (TVI), NDVI850 and chlorophyll index green (Chl green) for TS asymptomatic, TS early and TS late disease stage respectively. The MLP classification method had an accuracy of 99%, for both BS and TS, under field (UAV-based) and laboratory conditions.

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Role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 during porcine oocyte maturation     

Yokoo M  Shimizu T  Kimura N  Tunjung WA  Matsumoto H  Abe H  Sasada H  Rodriguez-Martinez H  Sato E 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(2):263-270

Previous our studies have shown that CD44, the principal receptor for hyaluronan, is present on cumulus cells during oocyte maturation. Although hyaluronan-CD44 interaction has been implicated in cumulus expansion and/or oocyte maturation, the full significance of CD44 remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to further investigate the role of CD44 in cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in pigs. We demonstrate here in that CD44 has a key role in oocyte maturation but not in cumulus expansion. Previous studies have reported the physiological significance of cumulus expansion in oocyte maturation. However, our results suggest that cumulus expansion is a necessary condition for oocyte maturation, but that it is not sufficient on its own. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that the CD44 of the in vitro-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) had a larger molecular weight and more terminal sialic acid, which has been proven to inhibit the hyaluronan-binding ability of the receptor, than the CD44 of the in vivo-matured COCs, indicating that the hyaluronan-CD44 interactions during in vitro maturation might be insufficient compared with those in vivo. The insufficient interactions of hyaluronan-CD44 during in vitro maturation may cause the inferior capacity of fertilization and development of oocytes matured in vitro.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional 2‐Dimensional and 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Canine Sacral and Pelvic Fractures by Radiologists,Orthopedic Surgeons,and Veterinary Medical Students          下载免费PDF全文

Sri Kumar Jamie Senthirajah BS  Sarah Nemanic DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVR  Wendy Baltzer DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Jennifer Warnock DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Katelyn Hollars BS  Scott S. Lee  Gerd Bobe PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(6):694-703

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Axial variations in anatomical properties and basic density of Eucalypt urograndis hybrid (Eucalyptus grandis 3 E. urophylla) clones     

S K Sharma  S R Shukla  S Shashikala  V Sri Poornima 《林业研究》2015,(3)

We studied two clones of Eucalypt urograndis hybrid (Eucalyptus grandis 9 E. urophylla), GR283 and GR330, grown in Tumkur district of Karnataka (India), and felled 5–6 years old three trees of each clo...  相似文献   

Simultaneous detection of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus and extra small virus by a single tube, one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoganandhan K  Sri Widada J  Bonami JR  Sahul Hameed AS 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(2):65-69

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Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture     

van Schaik CP  Ancrenaz M  Borgen G  Galdikas B  Knott CD  Singleton I  Suzuki A  Utami SS  Merrill M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5603):102-105

Geographic variation in some aspects of chimpanzee behavior has been interpreted as evidence for culture. Here we document similar geographic variation in orangutan behaviors. Moreover, as expected under a cultural interpretation, we find a correlation between geographic distance and cultural difference, a correlation between the abundance of opportunities for social learning and the size of the local cultural repertoire, and no effect of habitat on the content of culture. Hence, great-ape cultures exist, and may have done so for at least 14 million years.  相似文献   

The Ability of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from Coffee Plant Rhizosphere and Their Effects on Robusta Coffee Seedlings     

John Bako Baon  Sri Wedhastri  Andi Kumiawan 《农业科学与技术》2012,(9):1064-1070

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A relative expression of Xa7 gene controlling bacterial leaf blight resistance in indonesian local rice population (Oryza sativa L.)     

Dwinita Wikan Utami  Puji Lestari  Sri Koerniati 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):1-7

Discovery of new alleles at important gene loci through allele mining could support the rice improvement program to sustain national food security. Evaluation of the existing Indonesian local rice landraces is an important point to detect the potential of functional alleles. One of the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance alleles, Xa7 was detected in Indonesian rice landrace germplasm, Parekaligolara. To validate this potential allele, field evaluation on the segregating population, expression analysis using real time RT-PCR, and sequencing were carried out. Two selected Parekaligolara progenies lines (F₄ and F₆) from double crosses with other selected landraces were clearly more resistant to a dominant Indonesian BLB, Race IV. Specific primers of Xa7-LD40 successfully amplified the alleles of F₄ and F₆ lines approximately 300 bp in length. The amplicon sequenced using vector-targeted primers, resulting 264 bp which were flanked between 602 and 866 bp sites. The translated sequence which produced 60 amino acids (open reading frame) ORF, showed homology with the encoding gene associated with the defense system to biotic stress, BTB/POZ. As integrated researches for many potential biotic and abiotic stresses alleles on Indonesian landraces germplasm, this outcome expectedly supports rice landraces utilization for developing of elite cultivars which survive on global changed conditions and benefiting to national food security.  相似文献   

Ozone treatment of spent medium from Auricularia polytricha cultivation for enzymatic saccharification and subsequent ethanol production     

Denny Irawati  Yuya Takashima  Chisato Ueda  J. P. Gentur Sutapa  Sri Nugroho Marsoem  Futoshi Ishiguri  Kazuya Iizuka  Nobuo Yoshizawa  Shinso Yokota 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(6):522-527

We examined the enzymatic saccharification and ethanol fermentation of the spent media (SMs) from Auricularia polytricha cultivation using wood meals of Falcataria moluccana, Shorea sp., and Tectona grandis. Although the hydrolysis weight decrease and reducing sugar yield were higher in SM of F. moluccana, the ethanol yield was higher in SM of Shorea sp. Ozone treatment of SM further increased the hydrolysis weight decrease, reducing sugar, and ethanol yields in Shorea sp. These results indicate that SM of A. polytricha is a suitable biomass material to produce fermentable sugars for ethanol production, and that ozone treatment is a suitable method for increasing the ethanol yield.  相似文献   

Bryophytes on tree trunks in natural forests, selectively logged forests and cacao agroforests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia     

Nunik S. Ariyanti  Sri S. Tjitrosoedirdjo  S. Robbert Gradstein 《Biological conservation》2008,141(10):2516-2527

Forest disturbance and transformations into agricultural land alter tropical landscapes at drastic rates. Here, we investigate bryophyte assemblages on trunk bases in natural forest, selectively logged forest and cacao agroforests that are shaded by remnants of natural forest in Central Sulawesi. Overall, bryophyte richness per site did not differ between forest types. However, mosses and liverworts reacted differently in that moss richness was lowest in cacao agroforests, whereas liverwort communities were equally rich in all forest types. In terms of cover, mosses remained unaffected while liverwort cover decreased significantly in disturbed forest. Species composition of bryophytes clearly changed in cacao agroforests as compared to natural forests and selectively logged forests. In particular some drought-sensitive species were rare or absent in cacao agroforests and were replaced by drought-tolerant ones, thus underlining the importance of microclimatic changes. Moreover, differences in bryophyte species composition between large and small trees were only pronounced in cacao agroforests, presumably due to concomitant changes in stemflow of precipitation water. In conclusion, the bryophyte assemblages of selectively logged forests and cacao agroforests were as rich as in natural forest, but species turn-over was particularly high towards cacao agroforests probably due to microclimatic changes. Maintenance of shade cover is crucial to the conservation of the drought-sensitive forest species.  相似文献