The extent of genetic diversity among Vanilla species: Comparative results for RAPD and ISSR     

Praveen C. Verma  Debasis Chakrabarty  Satya Narayan Jena  Devesh K. Mishra  Pradhyumna K. Singh  Samir V. Sawant  Rakesh Tuli 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):581-589

Vanilla is a large genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), including the species Vanilla planifolia from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. Since most species of vanilla are considered rare and endangered there is an urgent need to conserve them through genetic analysis and propagation/conservation studies on this crop.The present study investigated the genetic diversity among nine leafy- and leaf-less Vanilla species employing 30 decamer RAPD primers and 10 ISSR primers. The species under study were diverse and displayed a range of variability (0–66% and 0–81% for RAPD and ISSR, respectively). A total of 154 RAPD polymorphic markers (83.24%, h = 0.378) and 93 ISSR polymorphic markers (86.11%, h = 0.363) were used to generate a genetic similarity matrix followed by the cluster analysis. Specific groupings were revealed by each cluster analysis with slight variation between two different markers. Among the nine species studied, V. planifolia, Vanilla aphylla and Vanilla tahitensis revealed very low level of variation within their collections, thus indicating a narrow genetic base. The large genetic distance of Vanilla andamanica from other species suggests its different origin. A close genetic affinity was observed between the pairs V. planifolia, V. tahitensis and Vanilla albida, V. aphylla. These are the first comparative results for RAPD and ISSR reporting inter-relationship among nine cultivated, wild and hybrid Vanilla species.  相似文献   

Saccharum spontaneum: an underutilized tall grass for revegetation and restoration programs     

Vimal Chandra Pandey  Omesh Bajpai  Deep Narayan Pandey  Nandita Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2015,62(3):443-450

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THE EFFECT OF ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT AND OTHER MANAGEMENT FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF BREECH STRIKE IN MERINO SHEEP     

J. E. Watts  K. M. Dash  † K. A. Lisle  † 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(7):352-355

SUMMARY Repeated scouring and soiling of the breech region with faeces rendered mulesed, Merino sheep susceptible to breech strike. Anthelmintic treatment of ewes before and after lambing and of lambs 6 to 8 weeks old reduced intestinal trichostrongylosis, scouring and consequent breech strike. Wether lambs tended to be more susceptible than ewe lambs and sheep grazing long pastures were struck more frequently than those on short pastures.  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny in Indian Citrus L. (Rutaceae) inferred through PCR-RFLP and trnL-trnF sequence data of chloroplast DNA     

Satya Narayan Jena  Susheel KumarNarayanan K. Nair 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The taxonomy and phylogeny of Indian Citrus is revisited using PCR-RFLP of the trnD-trnT and rbcL-ORF 106 regions as well as sequence data analysis of the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region of cpDNA. The study was based on 50 accessions of Citrus genotypes, collected from wild, semi-wild and domesticated stocks. Of the 13 restriction enzymes (RE) used for restriction digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, four (Hinf I, Msp I, Alu I, Hae III) generated 47 restriction fragments, of which 24 (51%) were polymorphic. PCR-RFLP data showed a genetic distance ranging from 0 to 0.79 among 50 accessions of Citrus, and a cluster analysis, based on Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method, placed all the accessions in eight major clusters. Analysis of trnL-trnF sequences from 23 representative accessions of Citrus showed a pair-wise sequence divergence rate in the range of 0–0.064. NJ, minimum evolution (ME) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses of trnL-trnF sequences produced phylogenetic trees, which placed all the 23 accessions in five clusters. PCR-RFLP analysis resulted in a well resolved phylogenetic tree with branches supported by moderate to high bootstrap values, while the trnL-trnF sequence-based trees showed only moderate to low bootstrap support for the internal tree branches, indicating uncertain origin of some Citrus genotypes. This study shows that the trnL-trnF spacer sequence data can detect genetic variation in Indian Citrus genotypes, but the utility of the data in inferring phylogeny at intra and inter-specific levels is limited probably by factors such as hybridization, bud mutations, apomixis and polyploidy. However, PCR-RFLP and trnL-trnF data supported the recognition of C. maxima, C. medica, and C. reticulata as the basal species of edible Citrus.  相似文献   

Diuretic, laxative and toxicity studies of Cocculus hirsutus aerial parts     

Ganapaty S  Dash GK  Subburaju T  Suresh P 《Fitoterapia》2002,73(1):28-31

The aqueous extract of the Cocculus hirsutus aerial parts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant diuretic activity and laxative effect in rats. The acute toxicity, orally evaluated in mice, was found to be higher than 3000 mg/kg.  相似文献   

Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements in soil: Green technology for meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals     

Songita SONOWAL  Amy R. NAVA  Sanket J. JOSHI  Siddhartha Narayan BORAH  Nazim F. ISLAM  Soumya PANDIT  Ram PRASAD  Hemen SARMA 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):198-210

Biosurfactants are biomolecules produced by microorganisms, low in toxicity, biodegradable, and relatively easy to synthesize using renewable waste substrates. Biosurfactants are of great importance with a wide and versatile range of applications, including the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Plants may accumulate soil potentially toxic elements(PTEs), and the accumulation efficacy may be further enhanced by the biosurfactants produced by rhizospheric microorganisms. Occasionally, the growth of bacteria slows down in adverse conditions, such as highly contaminated soils with PTEs. In this context,the plant's phytoextraction capacity could be improved by the addition of metal-tolerant bacteria that produce biosurfactants. Several sources, categories,and bioavailability of PTEs in soil are reported in this article, with the focus on the cost-effective and sustainable soil remediation technologies, where biosurfactants are used as a remediation method. How rhizobacterial biosurfactants can improve PTE recovery capabilities of plants is discussed, and the molecular mechanisms in bacterial genomes that support the production of important biosurfactants are listed. The status and cost of commercial biosurfactant production in the international market are also presented.  相似文献   

Serum antibody response of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita to three species of pathogenic bacteria; Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas fluorescens     

Swain P  Behura A  Dash S  Nayak SK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,117(1-2):137-141

The immune response to mixed whole cell antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas fluorescens, the common Gram negative bacterial pathogens associated with diseases of Indian major carps were evaluated for their efficacy in triggering antibody responses in rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.). The rohu yearlings were either immunized with antigens from single bacterial strain, A. hydrophila, E. tarda and P. fluorescens or a combination of all three. An antibody response was detected at 1st week post immunization that rose significantly (p<0.05) at 4th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. The antibody level started declining after 8th week but persisted up to 10th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. Similarly, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the antibody level was found between groups immunized with single and mixed bacterial antigens. Moreover, the use of mixed bacterial antigens did not jeopardize the specific immune response to the vaccine components. Upon challenge with single pathogen, a high relative percent survival was recorded in the group immunized with mixed bacterial antigens and was comparable to those fish immunized with the single bacteria.  相似文献   

Restriction analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of male-sterile and maintainer lines of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum L.     

S. V. Munjal  R. K. J. Narayan 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(3):256-258

Mitochondrial DNA from two pairs of cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) and maintainer lines of pearl millet was investigated by restriction-enzyme analysis and Southern-blot hybridization using three mitochondrial gene probes. Each pair of male-sterile and maintainer lines was of a different nuclear origin. The objective was to distinguish differences in the DNA base-sequence organization of the mitochondrial genomes of cms and maintainer lines from the two sources. Restriction-enzyme analysis revealed differences between the different cms and maintainer lines. Southern-blot hybridization experiments using cloned mitochondrial gene probes further distinguished differences between different lines. It is expected that the restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms revealed in the Southern-blot-hybridization experiments will be useful in distinguishing and classifying cms and maintainer lines obtained from different nuclear backgrounds.  相似文献   

Effects of specific conductance and temperature on urease activity in some Indian soils     

M.C. Dash  P.C. Mishra  R.K. Mohanty  Neelam Bhatt 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1981,13(1):73-74

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Mexican labor and Oregon agriculture: The changing terrain of conflict     

Robert C. Dash 《Agriculture and Human Values》1996,13(4):10-20

This article examines the efforts by the Northwest Treeplanters and Farmworkers United union to organize Mexican migrant farmworkers in the Willamette Valley. It focuses on the union's 1995 organizing campaign of strawberry picker?s, the largest campaign in the history of Pacific Northwest agriculture. To provide context for the union's efforts, the article develops the historical role and changing nature of Oregon agriculture, sketches the politics of agriculture in the state, and describes the industry's labor system. The article concludes that significant gains for strawberry pickers were made during the 1995 campaign; the long-term consolidation of those gains remains to be demonstrated.  相似文献