国际发展项目评估比较分析及其对亚太森林组织的启示          下载免费PDF全文

黄克标  鲁德  庞勇  龙超 《林草政策研究》2021,1(4):55-65

亚太森林组织是亚太地区最具活力和影响力的涉林国际组织之一,完善亚太森林组织评估体系是当前的重点工作。文中在总结国际发展项目评估主要理论框架和方法的基础上,分析比较7个具有代表性的国际组织和发展援助机构的评估管理构架、评估政策与实践方面的特点,以及各机构评估体系的共性和差异。结果发现,各机构评估体系特点与其机构性质,管理架构,项目和活动类型、规模等因素密切相关。借鉴成熟国际组织评估管理的成功经验和做法,结合亚太森林组织评估工作现状和问题,提出完善亚太森林组织评估体系的思考和建议。  相似文献   

2019年农机行业10大营销事件     

刘德 《农业机械》2020,(2):65-67

管理学家德鲁克指出,基于顾客,企业只有两项最基本的职能:营销和创新.在当下农机行业进入存量竞争阶段,想要跳出同质化的红海,创新和营销变得特别重要. 2019年已过去,但它留下的印记却是深刻的,尤其是在农机营销领.笔者为大家整理出过去一年农机行业有重大影响的营销事件.  相似文献   

Immunostimulatory effects of dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate in European sea bass postlarvae          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea Franke  Catriona Clemmesen  Peter De Schryver  Linsey Garcia‐Gonzalez  Joanna J Miest  Olivia Roth 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(12):5707-5717

The stable production of high‐quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In this study, the effect of feeding PHB‐enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28‐day‐old sea bass postlarvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored, and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress‐response was measured. While the expression of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed postlarvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies.  相似文献   

Homeopathic complex increases survival without affecting the performance of Nile tilapia during masculinization     

José Dias-Neto  Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão  Pedro Henrique De Oliveira Viadanna 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2017,29(1):33-45

During the masculinization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the effect of a homeopathic complex (containing Chamomilla, Quina, and sulphur) was evaluated based on survival, performance, gills and liver integrity, and parasitism. Group fed with basal diet + 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (control) showed low survival (40.02%), while the group that additionally received homeopathy and the group that received sucrose (vehicle) showed 73.7% and 87.7% survival, respectively. The growth performance of the group that received homeopathic and the control group was significantly higher than that of the group that received only sucrose. Still, fish that received the homeopathic complex showed higher branchial and hepatic integrity as compared to the other groups. The homeopathic complex contributes to a greater survival of fish in addition to maintaining satisfactory growth. Furthermore, homeopathy contributes to the improvement in gill and liver integrity of the Nile tilapia larvae.  相似文献   

Assessment of insecticidal effects and selectivity of CAPA‐PK peptide analogues against the peach‐potato aphid and four beneficial insects following topical exposure     

Shun‐Hua Gui  Clauvis NT Taning  Kristof De Schutter  Qun Yang  Pengyu Chen  Mohamad Hamshou  Ronald J Nachman  Aniruddha A Pandit  Julian AT Dow  Shireen Davies  Guy Smagghe 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3451-3458

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Effects of biofloc under different carbon sources and protein levels on water quality,growth performance and immune responses in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1978)          下载免费PDF全文

Sujeet Kumar  Panantharayil S Shyne Anand  Debasis De  Ashutosh D Deo  Tapas K Ghoshal  Jitendra K Sundaray  Alphis G Ponniah  Karingalakkandy Poochirian Jithendran  Ramalingam Ananda Raja  Gouranga Biswas  Natarajan Lalitha 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1168-1182

A 75‐day 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of dietary protein (32 and 40%) and two different carbon sources (rice flour–R and molasses‐M), and without carbohydrate (control–C) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon juveniles (3.37 ± 0.04 g) at 100 nos. m^?3 in 100 L fibre reinforced plastic tanks. Biofloc volume and total suspended solid were higher in molasses added groups (32 + M and 40 + M) followed by rice flour (32 + R and 40 + R) and controls (32C and 40C). Molasses and rice flour addition significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the total ammonia–N compared to controls. The highest Vibrio, Bacillus and Lactobacillus counts were recorded in 40 + M, 32 + M and 32 + R respectively. Among the treatments, significantly higher (P < 0.01) final body weight was recorded in 40 + R (8.5 ± 0.3 g), 40 + M (7.8 ± 0.3 g) and 32 + R (7.5 ± 0.4 g) compared to control groups, 32C (6.1 ± 0.3 g), 40C (6.4 ± 0.3 g) and molasses added group, 32 + M (5.7 ± 0.4 g). Rice flour supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.01) the total haemocyte count (×10⁶ cells mL^?1) in 32 + R (45.7 ± 3.7) and 40 + R (44.3 ± 3.1) compared to controls, 32C (27.3 ± 3.4) and 40C (25.8 ± 0.9). Similarly, higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, serum protein and glucose were recorded in the rice flour added groups, 40 + R followed by 32 + R. Among the treatments, the highest level of prophenoloxidase (OD 490 nm, 0.3 ± 0.0) and survival after challenge with Vibrio harveyi (55.6%) was observed in 32 + R. The study elucidates that rice flour addition produces optimum level of biofloc with better growth and immune responses compared to molasses and control. Furthermore, rice flour addition at 32% protein level could replace 40% protein feed.  相似文献   

First report of Fusarium oxysporum species complex infection in zebrafish culturing system          下载免费PDF全文

D C M Kulatunga  S H S Dananjaya  B K Park  C‐H Kim  J Lee  M De Zoysa 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(4):485-494

Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a highly diverse fungus. Recently, F. oxysporum infection was identified from zebrafish (Danio rerio) culturing system in Korea. Initially, a rapid whitish smudge was appeared in the water with the fungal blooming on walls of fish tanks. Microscopic studies were conducted on fungal hyphae, colony pigmentation and chlamydospore formation and the presence of macro‐ and microspores confirmed that the isolated fungus as F. oxysporum. Furthermore, isolated F. oxysporum was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing which matched (100%) to nine F. oxysporum sequences available in GenBank. Experimental hypodermic injection of F. oxysporum into adult zebrafish showed the development of fungal mycelium and pathogenicity similar to signs observed. Histopathologic results revealed a presence of F. oxysporum hyphae in zebrafish muscle. Fusarium oxysporum growth was increased with sea salt in a concentration‐dependent manner. Antifungal susceptibility results revealed that F. oxysporum is resistant to copper sulphate (up to 200 μg mL^?1) and sensitive to nystatin (up to 40 μg mL^?1). This is the first report of FOSC from zebrafish culture system, suggesting it appears as an emerging pathogen, thus posing a significant risk on zebrafish facilities in the world.  相似文献   

Natural bixin as a potential carotenoid for enhancing pigmentation and colour in goldfish (Carassius auratus)     

S.H.S. Dananjaya  D.M.S. Munasinghe  H.B.S. Ariyaratne  J. Lee  M. De Zoysa 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(2):255-263

Discovering natural carotenoids for colour enhancement and health benefits of fish is important to develop new feed formulations. We have purified natural bixin from achiote seeds and evaluated the effect of colour enhancing and pigmentation in goldfish. Varying levels of bixin‐based diets were prepared with 420 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 120 g kg^?1 of lipid content. Our results clearly showed that bixin (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.60 g kg^?1) based diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the skin and fin colour at 30 and 60 days compared to diet without bixin. Interestingly, diet which contains 0.20 g kg^?1 bixin and commercial feed (with astaxanthin) had similar effect on carotenoid deposition in skin. Moreover, total carotenoid deposition in fin was higher than in skin of all bixin‐containing diets. However, 0.60 g kg^?1 bixin‐containing diet had lower specific growth rate (1.01 ± 0.01) and higher feed conversion ratio (2.05 ± 0.19) compared to the control group. The present results demonstrate that achiote bixin can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source against synthetic astaxanthin in fish feed. Our data indicate that 0.20 g kg^?1 is a suitable dietary level of bixin to ensure strong pigmentation, acceptable growth and feed utilization in goldfish.  相似文献   

Protective Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juglans regia</Emphasis> L. Walnut Extract Against Oxidative DNA Damage     

Cinzia Calcabrini  Roberta De Bellis  Umberto Mancini  Luigi Cucchiarini  Vilberto Stocchi  Lucia Potenza 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(2):192-197

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are relevant components of the Mediterranean diet providing important macronutrients, micronutrients and other bioactive constituents including unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and polyphenols. Although the walnut beneficial effects in human health are widely recognized by a lot of epidemiologic studies very little is known regarding its effect on damaged DNA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Juglans regia L. ethanolic extract from kernel on the induction of DNA strand breaks by thiol/Fe³⁺/O₂ mixed function oxidase, tert-butyl hydroperoxide or UVC radiations in acellular and cellular models. Plasmid DNA cleavage and fast Halo assay were used to monitor oxidative damage to DNA. Both approaches showed protection of oxidatively injured DNA. These results agree with a lot of scientific proofs which recommend walnut as dietary adjunct in health promotion and prevention as well as in treatment of lifestyle-related oxidative diseases.  相似文献   

Toward the Identification of Novel Antimicrobial Agents: One-Pot Synthesis of Lipophilic Conjugates of N-Alkyl d- and l-Iminosugars     

Anna Esposito  Daniele D&#x;Alonzo  Stefano D&#x;Errico  Eliana De Gregorio  Annalisa Guaragna 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

In the effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of iminosugars, we report the synthesis of lipophilic iminosugars 10a–b and 11a–b based on the one-pot conjugation of both enantiomeric forms of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) and N-nonyloxypentyldeoxynojirimycin (NPDNJ) with cholesterol and a succinic acid model linker. The conjugation reaction was tuned using the established PS-TPP/I₂/ImH activating system, which provided the desired compounds in high yields (94–96%) by a one-pot procedure. The substantial increase in the lipophilicity of 10a–b and 11a–b is supposed to improve internalization within the bacterial cell, thereby potentially leading to enhanced antimicrobial properties. However, assays are currently hampered by solubility problems; therefore, alternative administration strategies will need to be devised.  相似文献