Bovine Posterior Pituitary Extract Stimulates Prolactin Release from the Anterior Pituitary Gland In Vitro and In Vivo in Cattle     

T Hashizume  T Sasaki  S Nonaka  T Hayashi  M Takisawa  M Horiuchi  T Hirata  E Kasuya 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):184-189

It has been reported that the posterior pituitary (PP) gland contains a potent, unknown prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor (PRF) in rats. PRFs are assumed to be produced in neurones located within the hypothalamus, and to be peptidergic in nature. However, little is known about PRFs in domestic animals. To characterize the PRF in the PP of domestic animals, the present study examined the PRL-releasing activity of an acidic extract from bovine PP (bPP) in vitro and in vivo in cattle. First, the PRL-releasing effect of bPP extract was compared with that of PRL-releasing peptide (PrRP), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells. The extract significantly increased PRL concentrations in the culture medium, at doses of 0.002 and 0.02 eq./ml (one eq. is the PP extract from one animal), compared with the control (p < 0.05). PrRP failed to stimulate the release of PRL. TRH significantly increased PRL concentrations in the culture medium, at doses from 10(-9) to 10(-7) M, compared with the control (p < 0.05). The rate of increase in the PRL concentration, by 0.02 eq./ml bPP extract, was significantly greater than that in TRH (p < 0.05). Secondly, plasma PRL responses to the intravenous (i.v.) injection of bPP extract (0.5 eq./head), PrRP [3.59 mug/kg body weight (BW)], TRH (1 mug/kg BW), and a dopamine receptor antagonist (sulpiride, 0.1 mg/kg BW), were examined in calves. PrRP failed to stimulate PRL release; however, plasma PRL increased immediately following the injection of bPP extract, TRH and sulpiride. The PRL-releasing effect of i.v. injections of TRH and sulpiride was more potent than that of bPP extract. Finally, plasma PRL responses to the intra-hypothalamic injection of bPP extract were examined in calves. The intra-hypothalamic infusion (arcuate nucleus) of 0.0625 eq./head of bPP extract strongly stimulated PRL release in calves (p < 0.05). The present results show that PP contains a physiologically potent PRF in cattle.  相似文献   

Identification of the core rumen bacterial taxa and their population dynamics during the fattening period in Japanese Black cattle     

Hiroto Miura  Takuya Hashimoto  Yukiko Kawanishi  Hiroki Kawauchi  Ryo Inoue  Noriaki Shoji  Kunihiko Saito  Mario Sekiya  Yosuke Saito  Jumpei Yasuda  Chiemi Yonezawa  Tetsushiro Endo  Hirotaka Kasuya  Yutaka Suzuki  Yasuo Kobayashi  Satoshi Koike 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13601

The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period.  相似文献   

Central and peripheral concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Chinese Meishan pigs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide     

Sakumoto R  Kasuya E  Komatsu T  Akita T 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(5):1274-1280

  相似文献   

Localization of cytokines in tendinocytes of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the horse     

Hosaka Y  Kirisawa R  Yamamoto E  Ueda H  Iwai H  Takehana K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):945-947

Although inflammatory activation of cytokines have been analyzed in various tissues, there have only been a few and as-yet-inconclusive studies on cytokines in equine tendons. In this study, the localizations of 4 cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IFNgamma) in tendinocytes of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) were analyzed by the use of an immunohistochemical method. In inflamed tendons positive staining for all 4 cytokines antibodies were detected in endotedinieum cells and vascular epithelial cells. In contrast, negative or trace immunoreactions were obtained in many tendinocytes in the normal tendon. The variation in cellular immune responses depending on the kind of cytokine may reflect the physiological/pathological condition of the SDFT.  相似文献   

Cultivation of shiitake in sugi wood meal II: effects of seasoning treatment for wood meal on mycelial growth     

Sadatoshi Meguro  Etsuko Ishii  Shinsaku Kawachi 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(6):516-520

The effects of seasoning treatment for fresh sugi wood meal on the mycelial growth of shiitake was investi-gated. The mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal increased to the same level as that in extract-free sugi wood meal on the 12th day and to approximately 70% of that in konara wood meal on the 28th day of the seasoning treatment. A drastic decrease in extracts of fresh sugi wood meal occurred during the early stage of treatment, and the neutral fraction of methanol extracts decreased to less than 2%. The drainage of sugi wood meal media significantly increased during the later stage of treatment. No changes in the chemical components of sugi wood meal were detected during the seasoning treatment. The mycelial growth of shiitake in the fully seasoned sugi wood meal, which was prepared for commercial mushroom cultivation, was at almost the same level as that in the extract-free sugi wood meal. All of the seasoned sugi wood meals contained a neutral fraction of less than 1%. These results suggested that seasoning treatment can promote mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal by eliminating inhibitors and improving the physical properties of sugi wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999  相似文献   

Comment on "A G protein coupled receptor is a plasma membrane receptor for the plant hormone abscisic acid"     

Johnston CA  Temple BR  Chen JG  Gao Y  Moriyama EN  Jones AM  Siderovski DP  Willard FS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5852):914; author reply 914

Liu et al. (Reports, 23 March 2007, p. 1712) reported that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene GCR2 encodes a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor for abscisic acid. We argue that GCR2 is not likely to be a transmembrane protein nor a G protein-coupled receptor. Instead, GCR2 is most likely a plant homolog of bacterial lanthionine synthetases.  相似文献   

Analysis of the contents of pungent compounds in fresh Korean red peppers and in pepper-containing foods     

Choi SH  Suh BS  Kozukue E  Kozukue N  Levin CE  Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(24):9024-9031

An HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of extracts of fresh peppers containing capsaicinoids and of both capsaicinoids and piperines in pepper-containing foods produced and sold in Korea. The HPLC method was optimized by defining how composition of the mobile phase affected retention times. Both identification and quantification were based on retention times and the following criteria: linearity of the UV response at 280 nm in HPLC, recoveries from spiked samples, and observed individual molecular ions in the mass spectra of the extracts determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method, with a limit of detection of approximately 15-30 ng, was used to quantify the distribution of capsaicinoids in 11 Korean whole peppers and in 12 commercial pepper-containing foods. Total capsaicinoid levels of whole peppers ranged from 1.21 microg/g for the PR Gang ja variety to 121.1 microg/g for the Chung yang variety. The levels in food extracts, four of which also included two piperines, ranged from 11.0 microg/g for radish kimuchi to 3752 microg/g for capsaicin sauce. The results demonstrate (a) the usefulness of the HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of capsaicinoids derived from red peppers and piperines derived from black and white peppers extracted from complex food matrices and (b) the wide-ranging spread of levels of pungent pepper compounds in fresh peppers and in pepper-containing foods consumed in Korea.  相似文献   

Purification of N-acetyllactosamine-binding activity from the porcine sperm membrane: possible involvement of an ADAM complex in the carbohydrate-binding activity of sperm     

Mori E  Fukuda H  Imajoh-Ohmi S  Mori T  Takasaki S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):117-125

Although the importance of carbohydrate recognition by sperm during egg zona pellucida binding has been widely reported, the sperm molecular species that recognize the carbohydrates are poorly characterized. Our previous cytochemical study indicated that two kinds of carbohydrate-binding proteins are expressed on porcine sperm heads-one recognizes N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc-), and the other recognizes the Lewis X structure (Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-). For this report, we used proteomic techniques to characterize the sperm proteins that bind N-acetyllactosamine. Porcine sperm plasma membrane was solubilized with a detergent solution and subjected to sequential chromatography with dextran sulfate agarose, affinity, and hydroxyapatite, and the binding activities in the eluates were monitored by a solid-phase binding assay. The tryptic peptides of two proteins most likely associated with the binding activities were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. A subsequent database search identified one of the two proteins as predicted disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 20-like (XP_003128672). The other protein was identified as disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 5 (AB613817) by database searches for homologous amino acid sequences, cDNA cloning, nucleotide sequencing and nucleotide database searches. Furthermore, two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE demonstrated that they formed a variety of non-covalent complexes. Therefore, these ADAM complexes probably are responsible for the N-acetyllactosamine-binding activity. An affinity-purified fraction containing these ADAM complexes showed zona pellucida-binding activity, though the activity was relatively weak, and the presence of another zona pellucida-binding protein that probably works in concert with these ADAM complexes was suggested. Immunofluorescence testing suggested that ADAM20-like was localized on the anterior part of the sperm plasma membrane.  相似文献   

Relative shoot height and irradiance and the shoot and leaf properties of Quercus serrata saplings     

Takahashi K  Okada J  Urata E 《Tree physiology》2006,26(8):1035-1042

Effects of relative shoot height and irradiance on shoot and leaf properties of Quercus serrata Thunb. saplings growing in the understory and in gaps were investigated. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at the location of the shoot relative to that in the open (relative PPF; rPPF) and the height of the shoot base relative to tree height (relative height; rHeight) were measured for all current-year shoots of each sapling. Current-year shoot properties (length, leaf area, number of daughter shoots) and mortality, and leaf properties (mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen content per area (N(area))) were examined in relation to rPPF and rHeight. N(area) was used as a proxy for area-based assimilative capacity. Shoot length, leaf area per shoot and number of daughter shoots increased with increasing rHeight, especially in well-lit conditions. Shoot mortality decreased with increasing rHeight and rPPF. Both LMA and N(area) were positively correlated with rPPF, but not rHeight.  相似文献   

Salsolinol is present in the bovine posterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of prolactin both in vivo and in vitro in ruminants     

Hashizume T  Shida R  Suzuki S  Nonaka S  Yonezawa C  Yamashita T  Kasuya E  Sutoh M  Oláh M  Székács D  Nagy GM 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(2):146-152

The aims of the present study were to determine whether salsolinol (SAL), a dopamine-related compound, is present in the bovine posterior pituitary (PP) gland, and to clarify the effect of SAL on the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in ruminants. SAL was detected in extract of bovine PP gland using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL (5 and 10mg/kg body weight) significantly and dose-dependently stimulated the release of PRL in goats (P<0.05). Plasma PRL levels reached a peak 10min after the injection, then gradually returned to basal values in 60-80min. The PRL-releasing pattern was similar to that in response to sulpiride (a dopamine receptor antagonist). The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1mg of SAL had no significant effect on the release of PRL in calves, however, 5mg significantly stimulated the release (P<0.05) with peak values reached 30-40min after the injection. Moreover, SAL significantly stimulated the release of PRL from cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells at doses of 10(-6) and 10(-5)M, compared to control cells (P<0.05). Taken together, our data clearly show that SAL is present in extract of the PP gland of ruminants, and has PRL-releasing activity both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this endogenous compound is a strong candidate for the factor having PRL-releasing activity that has been previously detected in extract of the bovine PP gland.  相似文献