Evaluation of the Hennessy grading probe to predict yields of lamb carcasses fabricated to multiple end points.     

R P Garrett  J W Edwards  J W Savell  J D Tatum 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(4):1146-1152

Lamb carcasses (n = 278) were selected immediately after slaughter and fat thickness was measured with the SP2 Hennessy grading probe (HP) at the interface of the 12th and 13th ribs, 3.8 cm from the backbone. After a 24-h chilling period, carcasses were graded by a USDA grader and probed with the HP to obtain a fat thickness measure on the chilled carcass. One hundred sixty-five carcasses were fabricated into wholesale cuts (.64 cm of external fat trim), and 113 carcasses were fabricated into tray-ready retail cuts (.25 cm of external fat trim). Carcass weight, fat thickness (metal probe), adjusted fat thickness, hot and chilled carcass HP fat measures, as well as kidney and pelvic fat percentage and USDA yield grade, were highly correlated to cutting yield for both fabrication methods. Regression models developed to predict wholesale cut yields using HP or grader-collected measures were similar with respect to predictive accuracy. Fat thickness explained most of the variation in wholesale and tray-ready cut yields among the variables collected by the grader. Kidney and pelvic fat accounted for more of the variation in yield of wholesale cuts during stepwise regression to determine HP equations, but for predicting tray-ready yields, fat thickness taken with the HP accounted for the largest amount of variation. Equations developed to predict tray-ready retail cut yields using the HP or USDA grader-collected carcass measures were similar in the amount of variation explained. Kidney and pelvic fat percentage must be included in equations to maximize predictive accuracy when this depot site is left in carcasses.  相似文献   

Spread of the bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida after importation of infected goldfish, Carassius auratus, into Australia     

JD HUMPHREY  LD ASHBURNER 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(12):453-454

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Sectional notes     

Frank E. Garrett  G. D. Ruehle  Marx Koehnke  J. C. Campbell  H. J. Evans  John Noonan  Cleve H. Tandy 《American Journal of Potato Research》1948,25(2):62-70

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Boric acid-phenolic relationships within the Pinus echinata-Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association     

Sword MA  Garrett HE 《Tree physiology》1994,14(10):1121-1130

At germination, container-grown shortleaf pine seedlings were inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch or left uninoculated, and both groups were fertilized semiweekly with a modified Hoagland's solution supplemented with 0 or 0.4 mM boric acid. After 12, 16 and 24 weeks, seedling root tissue was analyzed for ectomycorrhizal colonization, phenolic concentration and phenoloxidase activity. In addition, phenoloxidase activity was assayed in P. tinctorius that had been cultured in a liquid medium containing boric acid. Inoculation with P. tinctorius increased the root phenolic concentration of 16- and 24-week-old seedlings, and increased root phenoloxidase activity in 12-, 16- and 24-week-old seedlings. Fertilization with boric acid reduced the phenolic concentration of P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae after 24 weeks. Although boric acid fertilization did not affect the phenoloxidase activity of 12-, 16- and 24-week-old inoculated roots, or that of 16- and 24-week-old uninoculated roots, it increased the phenoloxidase activity of P. tinctorius grown in vitro and 12-week-old uninoculated roots. We conclude that boric acid fertilization influences the phenolic relations of the shortleaf pine-P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association, possibly through a boric acid-induced increase in phenoloxidase activity.  相似文献   

Undertaking Nutritional Diagnostic Investigations     

Garrett R. Oetzel 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2014

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Evaluation of amino acids, B vitamins and butylated hydroxyanisole as protective agents against pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in rats     

B J Garrett  P R Cheeke 《Journal of animal science》1984,58(1):138-144

Supplementation of the diets of rats with branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, valine) did not alter their susceptibility to chronic poisoning by tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), which contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Phenobarbital in the diet, which alters liver microsomal enzyme activity, also did not alter susceptibility to PA poisoning. A combination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), cysteine and BCAA did increase (P less than .05) survival time of rats fed tansy ragwort. Dietary BHA and cysteine increased the survival time of rats injected with the PA monocrotaline, with evidence that addition of vitamin B12 and folic acid improved the effectiveness of this treatment. In a chronic feeding trial with tansy ragwort, a combination of BHA and cysteine increased (P less than .05) the survival times of rats, showing protective activity against PA poisoning. A mixture of B-complex vitamins, or vitamin B12-folic acid, was not effective in improving the response.  相似文献   

Relationships among diet, metabolizable energy utilization and net energy values of feedstuffs     

W N Garrett 《Journal of animal science》1979,49(5):1402-1409

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An Allee Effect Reduces the Invasive Potential of Tilletia indica     

Garrett KA  Bowden RL 《Phytopathology》2002,92(11):1152-1159

ABSTRACT The Karnal bunt pathogen, Tilletia indica, is heterothallic and depends on encounters on wheat spikes between airborne secondary sporidia of different mating types for successful infection and reproduction. This life history characteristic results in reduced reproductive success for lower population densities. Such destabilizing density dependence at low population levels has been described for a range of animals and plants and is often termed an Allee effect. Our objective was to characterize how the Allee effect might reduce the invasive potential of this economically important pathogen. We developed a simple population model of T. indica that incorporates an Allee effect by calculating the probability of infection for different numbers of secondary sporidia in the infection court. An Allee effect is predicted to be important at the frontier of an invasion, for establishment of new foci by a small population of teliospores, and when the environment is nonconducive for the production of secondary sporidia. Using estimated model parameter values, we demonstrated a theoretical threshold population size below which populations of T. indica were predicted to decline rather than increase. This threshold will vary from season to season as a function of weather variables and their effect on the reproductive potential of T. indica. Deployment of partial resistance or use of fungicides may be more useful if they push population levels below this threshold.  相似文献   

Communicating with oncology clients.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ruthanne Chun  Laura D Garrett 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(6):1013-22; v

Empathic, honest, and consistent communications that establish realistic goals and focus on quality of life (during and after therapy) for pets with cancer provide the basis of an excellent client-veterinarian relationship. From this foundation, a client can team up with his or her veterinarian to make the best possible decisions for the pet and for himself or herself regarding care for the companion animal.  相似文献   

Current status of two endangered Caribbean rodents     

Garrett C. Clough 《Biological conservation》1976,10(1):43-47

Living rodents of the genus Geocapromys of the hutia family have been known during this century on three Caribbean islands (Walker, 1968). Visits were made in 1974 to Jamaica and Little Swan Island to check the current status of two of these endangered populations. It appears from these field investigations that the Swan Island hutia, Geocapromys brownii thoracatus, has been exterminated from Little Swan Island. The main cause may have been predation by cats introduced in the late 1950s and after. The Jamaican hutia, G. b. brownii, remains in three remote areas of Jamaica. It exists at low population levels which have been much reduced from those occurring 30 years ago. The Jamaican hutias are shy and secretive in habits compared to the undisturbed Bahamian hutias, G. i. ingrahami, of East Plana Cay, Bahama Islands.  相似文献